PROBLEMAS SOBRE

TRIGONOMETRÍAY
FUNCIONES CIRCULARES

UNIDAD 3

PROGRAMA DE MATEMÁTICAS DE
NIVEL MEDIO

BACHILLERATO INTERNACIONAL

1
 Circular functions and trigonometry

LO QUE HAY QUE SABER………

3.1 The circle:

radian
measure of
angles;
length of an arc;
area of a
sector.

Radian measure may be expressed as multiples of π , or decimals.

3.2 Definition of cos and sin  in terms of the unit circle.
Given sin  , finding possible values of cos without finding  .
Exclusion: The reciprocal trigonometric functions sec , csc and
cot  .
sin 
Definition of tan  as cos .
Lines through the origin can be expressed as
y  x tan  , with
tan  .
gradient
The identity cos   sin   1 .
2 2

Double angle formulae: sin 2  2sin  cos ; cos 2  cos   sin  .

2 2
3.3
Double angle formulae can be established by simple geometrical
diagrams and/or by use of a GDC.
Exclusion: Compound angle formulae.
3.4 The circular functions sin x , cos x and tan x : their domains and ranges;
their periodic nature; and their graphs.
On examination papers: radian measure should be assumed
unless otherwise indicated by, for example, x  sin x .
Exclusion: The inverse trigonometric functions: arcsin x , arccos x
and arctan x .
Composite functions of the form
f ( x)  a sin(b ( x  c) )  d .
Example:
f ( x)  2cos(3( x  4))  1.
Examples of applications: height of tide, Ferris wheel.
3.5 Solution of trigonometric equations in a finite interval.
Examples:
2sin x  3cos x , 0  x  2π .
2sin 2 x  3cos x , 0o  x  180o .
2sin x  cos 2 x ,  π  x  π .
Both analytical and graphical methods required.
Exclusion: The general solution of trigonometric equations.
Equations of the type
a sin(b( x  c))  k .
Equations leading to quadratic equations in, for example, sin x .
Graphical interpretation of the above.

2
3.6 Solution of triangles.
The cosine rule: c  a  b  2ab cos C .
2 2 2

Appreciation of Pythagoras’ theorem as a special case of the

cosine rule.
a b c
 
The sine rule: sin A sin B sin C .
The ambiguous case of the sine rule.
1
ab sin C
Area of a triangle as 2 .
Applications to problems in real-life situations, such as navigation.

3
 PROBLEMAS DE TRIGONOMETRÍA Y FUNCIONES CIRCULARES

1. The following graph shows the depth of water, y metres, at a point P,

during one day.
The time t is given in hours, from midnight to noon.

(a) Use the graph to write down an estimate of the value of t when
(i) the depth of water is minimum;
(ii) the depth of water is maximum;
(iii) the depth of the water is increasing most rapidly.
(3)
(b) The depth of water can be modelled by the function y = A cos (B (t –
1)) + C.
(i) Show that A = 8.
(ii) Write down the value of C.
(iii) Find the value of B.
(6)
(c) A sailor knows that he cannot sail past P when the depth of the water
is less than 12 m. Calculate the values of t between which he cannot
sail past P.
(2)
(Total 11 marks)

Sol :
(a) (i) 7 (ii) 1 (iii)10

(b) (i) evidence of appropriate approach

18 2
A
eg 2

A=8

(ii) C = 10

(iii) METHOD 1

period = 12 evidence of using B  period = 2 (accept 360)

(M1)

4
 2
eg 12 = B


B accept 0.524 or 30
6

METHOD 2

evidence of substituting
eg 10 = 8 cos 3B + 10

simplifying

 
 3B  
eg cos 3B = 0  2


B accept 0.524 or 30
6

(c) correct answers

eg t = 3.52, t = 10.5, between 03:31 and 10:29 (accept 10:30)

π π
  x .
2. Let f (x) = 4 tan2 x – 4 sin x, 3 3
(a) On the grid below, sketch the graph of y = f (x).

(3)

(b) Solve the equation f (x) = 1.

(3)
(Total 6 marks)

(a)
y
15
Note: Award A1 for
passing
10 through (0,
0), A1
for
correct
5 shape, A1
for a range
of

–
π 0 π x
3 3

–5
approximately 1 to 15.

5
(b) evidence of attempt to solve f (x) = 1 (M1)

sin x
tan x 
eg line on sketch, using cos x

x = 0.207 x = 0.772
A1A1 N3

6
3. The diagram below shows a circle centre O, with radius r. The length of
2π
.
arc ABC is 3 cm and AÔC = 9

(a) Find the value of r.

(2)
(b) Find the perimeter of sector OABC.
(2)
(c) Find the area of sector OABC.
(2)
Total 6 marks)
Sol :

(a) evidence of appropriate approach

2
r
eg 3 = 9

r =13.5 (cm)
(b) adding two radii plus 3
perimeter = 27+3 (cm) (= 36.4)

(c) evidence of appropriate approach

1 2
13.5 2 
eg 2 9
area = 20.25 (cm2) (= 63.6)

7
4. The diagram below shows triangle PQR. The length of [PQ] is 7 cm, the
length of [PR] is 10 cm, and PQ̂R is 75.

(a) Find PQ̂R.

(3)
(b) Find the area of triangle PQR.
(3)
(Total 6 marks)

Sol :

(a) choosing sine rule

sin R sin 75


correct substitution 7 10

sin R = 0.676148...

PR̂Q = 42.5

(b) P = 180  75  R
P = 62.5

1
 7 10  sin
substitution into any correct formula eg area  PQR = 2 (their
P)= 31.0 (cm2)
5. The following diagram shows a semicircle centre O, diameter [AB], with
radius 2.
Let P be a point on the circumference, with PÔB =  radians.

(a) Find the area of the triangle OPB, in terms of .

(2)
(b) Explain why the area of triangle OPA is the same as the area triangle
OPB.
(3)

8
 Let S be the total area of the two segments shaded in the diagram below.

(c) Show that S = 2( − 2 sin  ).

(3)
(d) Find the value of  when S is a local minimum, justifying that it is a
minimum.
(8)
(e) Find a value of  for which S has its greatest value.
(2)
(Total 18 marks)

Sol:
(a) evidence of using area of a triangle

1
A   2  2  sinθ
eg 2

A = 2 sin 

(b) METHOD 1

PÔA =   
1
2  2  sin   θ 
area OPA = 2 (= 2 sin (  )
since sin (  ) = sin 
then both triangles have the same area

METHOD 2

triangle OPA has the same height and the same base as triangle OPB
then both triangles have the same area

1
 2   2 
2

(c) area semi-circle = 2

area  APB = 2 sin  + 2 sin  (= 4 sin )
S = area of semicircle  area APB (= 2  4 sin )
S = 2( − 2 sin )

(d) METHOD 1
attempt to differentiate (M1)
ds
  4 cos θ
eg dθ
setting derivative equal to 0 (M1)

9
 correct equation A1
eg 4 cos  = 0, cos  = 0, 4 cos  = 0

= 2 A1
N3
EITHER
evidence of using second derivative (M1)
S() = 4 sin  A1

 4
S  2  A1

 0
it is a minimum because S  2  R1
N0
OR
evidence of using first derivative (M1)

,
for  < 2 S () < 0 (may use diagram) A1

,
for  > 2 S () > 0 (may use diagram) A1
it is a minimum since the derivative goes from negative
to positive R1
N0
METHOD 2
2  4 sin  is minimum when 4 sin  is a maximum R3
4 sin  is a maximum when sin  = 1 (A2)

= 2 A3
N3

(e) S is greatest when 4 sin  is smallest (or equivalent) (R1)

 = 0 (or ) A1 N2

6. Let f : x  sin3 x.
(a) (i) Write down the range of the function f.
(ii) Consider f (x) =1, 0  x  2. Write down the number of solutions
to this equation. Justify your answer.
(5)
p q
(b) Find f ′ (x), giving your answer in the form a sin x cos x where a, p,
q .
(2)
1 π
(c) Let g (x) = 3 sin x (cos x) 2 for 0  x  2 . Find the volume generated
when the curve of g is revolved through 2 about the x-axis.
(7)
(Total 14 marks)

Sol:

(a) (i) range of f is [1, 1], (1  f (x)  1) A2 N2

(ii) sin3 x = 1  sin x = 1 A1
justification for one solution on [0, 2] R1

10
 
e.g . x 
2 , unit circle, sketch of sin x
1 solution (seen anywhere) A1
N1

(b) f (x) = 3 sin2 x cos x A2 N2

b

(c) using
V  a
 y 2 dx
(M1)
2

 1

V  2   3 sin x cos 2 x  dx
0  
  (A1)

  0
2 3 sin 2 x cos x dx
A1


V   sin 3 x 
2
0
  3


    sin    sin 3 0  

  2  A2

1
evidence of using sin 2 and sin 0 = 0 (A1)
eg (1  0)
V=
1 π
,
7. (a) Given that cos A = 3 and 0  A  2 find cos 2A.
(3)
2 π
(b) Given that sin B = 3 and 2  B  , find cos B.
(3)

(Total 6 marks)
Sol:

2 2
(a) evidence of choosing the formula cos A = 2 cos A  1 (M1)
Note: If they choose another correct formula, do
not award the M1 unless there is evidence
1
2
of finding sin A = 1 9 .
correct substitution A1
2 2
1 8 1
   , cos 2 A  2     1
eg cos 2A =  3  9  3
7
cos 2 A  
9 A1
N2

(b) METHOD 1
2 2
evidence of using sin B + cos B = 1 (M1)
2
2 2 5
   cos B 1,
3
eg   9 (seen anywhere),
5  5 
  
9  3 
cos B = (A1)

11
 5  
  5 
9  3 
cos B =  A1
N2
METHOD 2
diagram M1
eg

5

for finding third side equals 5 cos B = 3

8. Consider g (x) = 3 sin 2x.

(a) Write down the period of g.

(1)
(b) On the diagram below, sketch the curve of g, for 0  x  2.
y
4
3
2
1
0 x
π π 3π 2π
–1 2 2
–2
–3
–4
(3)
(c) Write down the number of solutions to the equation g (x) = 2, for 0  x
 2.

(2)
(Total 6 marks)
Sol:

(a) period =  A1 N1
b)

y
4
3
2
1
0 π π 3π 2π x
–1 2 2
–2
–3
–4

12
 Note: Award A1 for amplitude of 3, A1 for their
period, A1 for a sine curve passing through
(0, 0) and (0, 2).

(c) evidence of appropriate approach (M1)

eg line y = 2 on graph, discussion of number of solutions in the domain 4 (solutions) A1
N2

9. Let p = sin 40 and q = cos 110. Give your answers to the following in
terms of p and/or q.
(a) Write down an expression for
(i) sin 140;
(ii) cos 70.
(2)
(b) Find an expression for cos 140.
(3)
(c) Find an expression for tan 140.
(1)
(Total 6 marks)

Sol:
Representa 40º y 110 º en la circunferencia. Cada uno de ellos es suplementario de 140º y 70º
respectivamente
(a) (i) sin 140 = p A1 N1
(ii) cos 70 = q A1
N1

(b) METHOD 1
2 2
evidence of using sin  + cos  = 1 (M1)
2
1 p
eg diagram, (seen anywhere)
2
1 p
cos 140 =  (A1)
2
1 p
cos 140 =  A1
N2
METHOD 2
2 2
evidence of using cos  = 2 cos   1 (M1)
2
cos 140 = 2 cos 70  1 (A1)
2 2
cos 140 = 2( q) 1 (= 2q  1) A1
N2

(c) METHOD 1
sin 140 p

cos 140 1 p 2
tan 140 = A1
N1
METHOD 2
p
2
tan 140 = 2q  1

10. A Ferris wheel with centre O

and a radius of 15 metres is
represented in the diagram below.

13
 π
Initially seat A is at ground level. The next seat is B, where AÔB = 6 .

(a) Find the length of the arc AB.

(2)

(b) Find the area of the sector AOB.

(2)

2π
(c) The wheel turns clockwise through an angle of 3 . Find the height of
A above the ground.
(3)

The height, h metres, of seat C above the ground after t minutes, can be
modelled by the function
 π
 2t  
h (t) = 15 − 15 cos  4.
π
(d) (i) Find the height of seat C when t = 4 .
(ii) Find the initial height of seat C.
(iii) Find the time at which seat C first reaches its highest point.
(8)

(e) Find h′ (t).

(2)
(f) For 0  t  ,
(i) sketch the graph of h′;
(ii) find the time at which the height is changing most rapidly.
(5)
(Total 22 marks)
Sol:

Note: Accept exact answers given in terms of .

(a) Evidence of using l = r (M1)
arc AB = 7.85 (m) A1
N2

1
A r2 θ
(b) Evidence of using 2 (M1)
2
Area of sector AOB = 58.9 (m ) A1
N2

(c) METHOD 1


30
angle = 6 (A1)

π6 attempt to find 15 sin 6 M1
2 π 
3
height = 15 + 15 sin 6

14
 = 22.5 (m) A1
N2

METHOD 2


60
angle = 3 (A1)
 π
3
attempt to find 15 cos 3 M1

height = 15 + 15 cos 3
= 22.5 (m) A1
N2
  
h  15 15 cos   
(d) (i) 4 2 4 (M1)
= 25.6 (m) A1
N2
 
0 
(ii) h(0) = 15  15 cos  4 (M1)
= 4.39(m) A1
N2
(iii) METHOD 1
Highest point when h = 30 R1
 
 2t  
30 = 15  15 cos  4 M1
 
 2t  
cos  4  = 1 (A1)
 3 
 accept 
t = 1.18  8  A1
N2
METHOD 2
h
30

2π t
Sketch of graph of h M2
Correct maximum indicated (A1)
t = 1.18 A1
N2
METHOD 3
Evidence of setting h(t) = 0 M1
 
 2t    0
sin  4 (A1)
Justification of maximum R1
eg reasoning from diagram, first derivative test, second

15
 derivative test
 3 
 accept 
t = 1.18  8  A1
N2

 
 2t  
(e) h(t) = 30 sin  4  (may be seen in part (d)) A1A1 N2

(f) (i)
h (t)
30

π π t
2

–30

A1A1A1
N3
Notes: Award A1 for range 30 to 30, A1
for two zeros.
Award A1 for approximate correct
sinusoidal shape.
(ii) METHOD 1
Maximum on graph of h (M1)
t = 0.393 A1
N2
METHOD 2
Minimum on graph of h (M1)
t = 1.96 A1
N2
METHOD 3
Solving h(t) = 0 (M1)
One or both correct answers A1
t = 0.393, t = 1.96
N2

11. (a) Consider the equation 4x2 + kx + 1 = 0. For what values of k does this
equation have two equal roots?
(3)

Let f be the function f ( ) = 2 cos 2 + 4 cos  + 3, for −360    360.

(b) Show that this function may be written as f ( ) = 4 cos2  + 4 cos  +
1.
(1)

(c) Consider the equation f ( ) = 0, for −360    360.

(i) How many distinct values of cos  satisfy this equation?
(ii) Find all values of  which satisfy this equation.
(5)

(d) Given that f ( ) = c is satisfied by only three values of , find the

value of c.
(2)

16
 (Total 11 marks)
Sol:

(a)
Using the discriminant b2-4ac= 0; k2 -16=0; k = 4 ó -4 (M1)
N3
N3

2
(b) Evidence of using cos 2 = 2 cos   1 M1
2
eg 2(2 cos   1) + 4 cos  + 3
2
f () = 4 cos  + 4 cos  + 1 AG
N0

(c) (i) 1 A1
N1
(ii) METHOD 1
Attempting to solve for cos  M1
1

cos  = 2 (A1)
 = 240, 120,  240, 120 (correct four values only) A2
N3
METHOD 2
2q
Sketch of y = 4 cos + 4 cos q + 1 M1
y
9

–360 –180 180 360 x

Indicating 4 zeros (A1)

q= 240, 120, q=240, q=120 (correct four values only) A2
N3

(d) Using sketch (M1)

c=9 A1 N2

12. The diagram below shows the graph of

 x
 
f (x) = 1 + tan  2  for −360  x  360.
(a) On the same diagram, draw the
asymptotes.
(2)
(b) Write down
(i) the period of the function;
(ii) the value of f (90).
(2)
(c) Solve f (x) = 0 for −360  x  360.

17
 y (2)
10
(Total 6 marks)
Sol:
5
a) Correct asymptotes
N2

–360° –180° 0 180° 360° x

(b) (i) Period = 360
(accept 2)
A1
–5 N1

(ii) f (90) = 2 A1
N1
–10 (c) 270, 90 A1A1
N1N1
Notes: Penalize 1 mark for any additional values. Penalize 1 mark for correct answers given in radians
 3  
 ,  , or 4.71, 1.57  .
 2 2 
[6]
(c)
y
T
V

–8 0 8 x

M1A1
N2
Note: Award M1 for attempt to reflect through
y-axis, A1 for vertex at approximately ( 3, 6).

18
 13. The following diagram shows a pentagon
ABCDE, with AB = 9.2 cm, BC = 3.2 cm,
BD = 7.1 cm, AÊD =110, AD̂E = 52 and
AB̂D = 60.

(a) Find AD.

(4)
(b) Find DE.
(4)
(c) The area of triangle BCD is 5.68
cm2. Find DB̂C .
(4)
(d) Find AC.
(4)
(e) Find the area of quadrilateral ABCD.
(5)
(Total 21 marks)
Sol :
(a) Evidence of choosing cosine rule (M1)
2 2 2
eg a = b + c - 2bc cos A
Correct substitution A1
2 2 2
eg (AD) = 7.1 + 9.2 - 2(7.1) (9.2) cos 60º
2
(AD) = 69.73 (A1)
AD = 8.35 (cm) A1
N2

(b) Angle A = 180º -162º = 18º (A1)

Evidence of choosing sine rule (M1)
Correct substitution A1
DE 8.35
sin 110 
eg sin 18 =
DE = 2.75 (cm) A1
N2

(c) En el triángulo DBC tenemos que Area= (Base. Altura) :2 = (3.2 x sen DBC):2 (M1)
1 1
eg 2 ab sin C = 5.68, 2 bh = 5.68
Correct substitution A1
1 1
eg 5.68 = 2 (3.2) (7.1) sin DB̂C , 2  3.2  h = 5.68, (h = 3.55)
sin DB̂C = 0.5 (A1)
DB̂C 30 and/or 150 A1
N2

(d) Finding A B̂ C (60 + D B̂ C) (A1)

Using appropriate formula (M1)
2 2 2 2 2 2
eg (AC) = (AB) + (BC) , (AC) = (AB) + (BC)  2 (AB)
(BC) cos ABC
Correct substitution (allow FT on their seen AB̂C )
2 2 2
eg (AC) = 9.2 + 3.2 A1
AC = 9.74 (cm) A1

19
 N3
(e) For finding area of triangle ABD (M1)
1
Correct substitution Area = 2  9.2  7.1 sin 60
= 28.28...
Area of ABCD = 28.28... + 5.68
2
= 34.0 (cm ) A1 N3
(a) (i) h = 3 A1 N1
(ii) k=1 A1
N1

2 2 2
(b) g (x) = f (x  3) + 1, 5  (x  3) + 1, 6  (x  3) ,  x + 6x  3 A2 N2

A 14. The following diagram shows the

triangle AOP, where OP = 2 cm, AP = 4 cm
and AO = 3 cm.
diagram n ot to
scale
(a) Calculate AÔP , giving your
answer in radians.
(3)
O P
The following diagram
A has centre O and radius 3 cm,
C2 the larger circle C2 has centre
P and radius 4 cm, and OP = 2
cm. The point D lies on the
C1 circumference of C1 and E on
the circumference of
O P diagram n o t to C2.Triangle AOP is the same
D E
sca le
as triangle AOP in the diagram
above.

(b) Find AÔB , giving

your answer in
B radians.
(2)
c) Given that AP̂B is 1.63 radians, calculate the area of
(i) sector PAEB; (ii) sector OADB.
(5)

2
(d) The area of the quadrilateral AOBP is 5.81 cm .
(i) Find the area of AOBE.
(ii) Hence find the area of the shaded region AEBD.
(4)
(Total 14 marks)

Sol:
Notes: Candidates may have differing answers due to using approximate answers from
previous parts or using answers from the GDC.
Some leeway is provided to accommodate this.
(a) METHOD 1
Evidence of using the cosine rule (M1)
2 2 2
a b c
, a 2  b 2  c 2  2bc cos A
eg cos C = 2ab
Correct substitution

20
 32  2 2  4 2 2 2
, 4  3  2 2  2  3  2 cos AÔP
AÔP = 2  3 2
eg cos A1
cos AÔP = 0.25
 26 
 
AÔP = 1.82  45  (radians) A1
N2
METHOD 2
Area of AOBP = 5.81 (from part (d))
Area of triangle AOP = 2.905 (M1)
2.9050 = 0.5  2  3  sin AÔP A1
AÔP = 1.32 or 1.82
 26 
 
AÔP = 1.82  45  (radians) A1
N2

(b) AÔB = 2(  1.82) (= 2  3.64) (A1)

 38 
 
= 2.64 
45  (radians) A1
N2

(c) (i) Appropriate method of finding area (M1)

1 2
θr
eg area = 2
1 2
 4 1.63
Area of sector PAEB = 2 A1
2
= 13.0 (cm )
(accept the exact value 13.04) A1
N2
1 2
 3  2.64
(ii) Area of sector OADB = 2 A1
2
= 11.9 (cm ) A1
N1

(d) (i) Area AOBE = Area PAEB  Area AOBP (= 13.0  5.81) M1
= 7.19 (accept 7.23 from the exact answer for PAEB) A1
N1
(ii) Area shaded = Area OADB  Area AOBE (= 11.9  7.19) M1
= 4.71 (accept answers between 4.63 and 4.72) A1 N1

15. The following diagram shows a sector of a circle of radius r

cm, and angle  at the centre. The perimeter of the sector is
20 cm.

20  2r
(a) Show that  = r .

(b) The area of the sector is 25 cm2. Find the value of r.

(Total 6 marks)

Sol:

(a) For using perimeter = r + r + arc length (M1)

20 = 2r + r A1

21
 20  2r

r AG
N0

1 2  20  2r 
r  
 10r  r
2

(b) Finding A = 2  r  (A1)

For setting up equation in r M1

Correct simplified equation, or sketch
2 2
eg 10r – r = 25, r – 10r + 25 = 0 (A1)
r = 5 cm A1
N2

16. The following diagram shows a triangle ABC, where AĈB is 90, AB =
3, AC = 2 and BÂC is .

5
(a) Show that sin  = 3 .
4 5
(b) Show that sin 2 = 9 .
(c) Find the exact value of cos 2.

(Total 6 marks)
Sol:
Note: Throughout this question, do not accept methods which involve
finding  .
(a) Evidence of correct approach A1
BC 5
, BC  3 2  2 2  5
eg sin  = AB sin  = 3 AG

N0

(b) Evidence of using sin 2 = 2 sin  cos  (M1)

 5  2 
2   4 5
 3 
3
=   = 9 AG

N0

(c) Evidence of using an appropriate formula for cos 2 cos2q - sen2q = 4/9- 5/9 = -1 /9 M1
1

cos 2 = 9 A2

N2

17. In the triangle PQR, PR = 5 cm, QR = 4 cm and PQ = 6 cm.

22
 Calculate

(a) the size of

PQ̂R
;
(b) the area of triangle PQR.
(Total 6 marks)
Sol:

(a) Evidence of using the cosine rule (M1)

2 2 2
p r q
, q 2  p 2  r 2  2 pr
PQ̂R 2 pr PQ̂R
eg cos = cos
Correct substitution A1
42  62  52
, 5 2  4 2  6 2  2  4  6 cos Q
eg
2  4  6
27
 0.5625
cos
P Q̂R = 48 (A1)
PQ̂R = 55.8 (0.973 radians) A1
N2
1
pr
(b) Area = 2 sin
PQ̂R
1
 4 6
For substituting correctly 2 sin 55.8 A1
2
= 9.92 (cm )

18. The following diagram shows two semi-

circles. The larger one has centre O and
radius 4 cm. The smaller one has centre P,
radius 3 cm, and passes through O. The
line (OP) meets the larger semi-circle at S.
The semi-circles intersect at Q.

(a) (i) Explain why OPQ is an isosceles triangle. (ii) Use the cosine rule to
show that
1
cos
OP̂Q = 9 .
80
(iii) Hence show that sin
OP̂ Q = 9 . (iv)Find the area of the triangle OPQ.
(7)

(b) Consider the smaller semi-circle, with centre P.

(i) Write down the size of

OP̂Q.
(ii) Calculate the area of the sector OPQ.
(3)

(c) Consider the larger semi-circle, with centre O. Calculate the area of the sector
QOS.
(3)
(d) Hence calculate the area of the shaded region.
(4)
(Total 17 marks)

23
 Sol:

(a) (i) OP = PQ (= 3cm) R1

So  OPQ is isosceles AG
N0
32  32  4 2
OP̂Q = 2  3 3
(ii) Using cos rule correctly eg cos (M1)
9  9 16  2 
 
cos
OP̂Q = 18  18  A1
1
cos
OP̂ Q = 9 AG
N0
2 2
(iii) Evidence of using sin A + cos A = 1 M1
1  80 
1 
OP̂Q = 81  81 
sin A1
80
sin
OP̂ Q = 9 AG
N0
1
 OP  PQ sin P
(iv) Evidence of using area triangle OPQ = 2 M1
1 80 9
3 3 ,  0.9938
eg 2 9 2
80
Area triangle OPQ = 2  20   4.47 A1
N1

(b) (i)
OP̂Q = 1.4594...
OP̂Q = 1.46 A1
N1
(ii) Evidence of using formula for area of a sector (M1)
1 2
 3 1.4594 
eg Area sector OPQ = 2
= 6.57 A1
N2

 1.4594
QÔP =
 0.841
(c) 2 (A1)
1 2
 4  0.841
Area sector QOS = 2 A1
= 6.73 A1
N2

(d) Area of small semi-circle is 4.5 (= 14.137...) A1

Evidence of correct approach M1
eg Area = area of semi-circle  area sector OPQ  area sector QOS +
area triangle POQ
Correct expression A1
eg 4.5  6.5675...  6.7285... + 4.472..., 4.5  (6.7285... + 2.095...),
4.5 (6.5675... + 2.256...)
Area of the shaded region = 5.31 A1 N1

24
 π
19. The function f is defined by f : x  30 sin 3x cos 3x, 0  x  3 .
(a) Write down an expression for f (x) in the form a sin 6x, where a is an integer.
(b) Solve f (x) = 0, giving your answers in terms of .
(Total 6 marks)

Sol:
Evidence of choosing the double angle formula (M1)
f (x) = 15 sin (6x) A1
N2
(b) Evidence of substituting for f (x) (M1)
eg 15 sin 6x = 0, sin 3x = 0 and cos 3x = 0
6x = 0, , 2
 
,
x = 0, 6 3
20. The diagram below shows a
quadrilateral ABCD. AB = 4, AD = 8, CD
=12, B Ĉ D = 25, BÂD =.

(a) Use the cosine rule to show that

4 5  4 cos 
BD = .
(2)
Let  = 40.
(b) (i) Find the value of sin CB̂D .
(ii) Find the two possible
values for the size of CB̂D .
(iii) Given that CB̂D is an acute angle, find the perimeter of ABCD.
(12)
(c) Find the area of triangle ABD.
(2)
(Total 16 marks)

Sol:
(a) For correct substitution into cosine rule A1
2 2
4  8  2  4  8 cos θ
BD =
165  4 cos θ 
For factorizing 16, BD = A1
4 5  4 cos θ
= AG
N0
(b) (i) BD = 5.5653 ... (A1)
sin CB̂D sin 25

12 5.5653 M1A1
sin CB̂D = 0.911 (accept 0.910, subject to AP) A1
N2
(ii) CB̂D = 65.7 A1
N1
Or CB̂D = 180  their acute angle (M1)
= 114 A1
N2

25
 (iii) BD̂C = 89.3 (A1)
BC 5.5653 BC 12
 or 
sin 89.3 sin 25 sin 89.3 sin 65.7 (or cosine rule) M1A1
BC = 13.2 (accept 13.17…) A1
Perimeter = 4 + 8 + 12 + 13.2 = 37.2 A1 N2
1
(c) Area = 2  4  8  sin 40= 10.3

21. The diagram below shows a circle of radius r and centre O. The angle AÔB = .

2
The length of the arc AB is 24 cm. The area of the sector OAB is 180 cm .
Find the value of r and of .
(Total 6 marks)
Sol:
METHOD 1
Evidence of correctly substituting into l = rq
1 2
r 
Evidence of correctly substituting into A = 2
For attempting to solve these equations
eliminating one variable correctly
r = 15 q = 1.6 (= 91.7º)
METHOD 2
Setting up and equating ratios
24 180

2r r 2
Solving gives r = 15
 1 2 
 or r θ 180 
r = 24  2 

r = 15 q = 1.6 (= 91.7º)

26