Lesson Plan No:

Teaching Practice: Lesson Plan Structure

ROUTINE INFORMATION
Date: 2022 Day: Monday
Name of School: Zwelethu Secondary School
Student surname and name: Mnyayiza Elihle
Student number: 219055221
Grade: 8
Subject: Technology
Topic: Structures
Content/ Concept Area: Structural members
CAPS page no: 22
Duration of lesson: 1 hour

SPECIFIC AIMS:
- Develop and apply specific design skills to solve technological problems.

LESSON OBJECTIVES:

KNOWLEDGE Learners should know:

- Structural members that span a space
- pylons
Leaners should be able to differentiate between those
structural members
Learners should be able to give alternative bridge
support
SKILLS Learners should be able to
- Identify different types of bridge support
- Draw bridge
- Identify pylons
VALUES/ATTITUDE Learners should be able to value structural members that
hold heavy load for a long time

APPROACH/TEACHING STRATEGY:

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RESOURCES:

Textbook, Chalk, Chalkboard. List other resources to be used

LESSON PHASES:
INTRODUCTION
Papers with pictures of pylons will be distributed to learners. Few questions will be asked to learners as a
pre …..
What purposes do these structures serve? Why do we build them? Possible answer - These are pylons that
carry electricity cables around the country. The cables are very dangerous and carry very high voltage.
They are built to be very safe, resistant to bad weather, and have a long life span
DEVELOPMENT
step 1:
Triangulation Forces that act on a rectangular frame can make it skew: To prevent a frame from skewing,
a support can be inserted to triangulate it: A support inserted to triangulate a frame can also be called a
brace.
Cross bracing Another way to prevent a frame from skewing is to triangulate it twice, to make a cross. One
brace goes from the top left to the bottom right of the rectangle. The other brace goes from the top right to
the bottom left of the rectangle
How to make a tower resist twisting. The structure of a tower should resist changing shape. Twisting
Using triangulation or cross-bracing on the outside of a frame helps the frame to resist skewing, but it does
not prevent it from twisting. Twisting happens when torsion forces act on a structure. To prevent a tower
structure from twisting, you can use crossbracing inside the frame structure. The photos below show how a
frame structure can be built with cross-bracing on the inside and on the outside. The cross-bracing on the
inside is in red, and the cross-bracing on the outside is in dark blue
Step 2
Structural members that span space one of the purpose of structures to span or go over something. A
structure may span a river road or space. The legs of a pylon span the space at a lower level while bridges
span space rivers and roads. When the purpose of a structure is to span something, the support must be
stable and strong. There are many structural members used to support spanning structures.
Beam is a long, regularly shape structural member often made of wood, metal or concrete. Beams are used
horizontally in a structure. A column is a vertical structural member which looks the same as a beam.
Girders are steel beam; are usually I beam. Girders can also be box shape and Z shape. Girder is a main
horizontal beam of a structure. The girders often support other small beams
Concrete lintels they are horizontal structural members but unlike a girder, lintels are sometimes
decorative only. They can bear weight and withstand compression forces but not all lintels do. They are
found over doors and windows
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Step 3:
Bridges as structure that span a space. Beam and column bridges. All beams need to be supported by a
vertical structural member. These structures members are often column. Beams and column bridges are
consisted if a series of column on the ground with a beam spanning the space between them. Bridges you
see over road and rivers usually beam and column bridges.
Alternative bridge supports
Suspension bridges to suspend means to hang. Suspension bridge hang from cables that run the length
of the bridge. The part of the bridge the traffic goes on is attached to the cable. The cables rest on high
towers at either end of the bridge. The cables are wire and able to hold up the heavy beams of the bridge.
The cables bear the load of the bridge some very long suspension bridge have towers along their length.
Suspension can span much longer distance than other bridges. The Akashi-Kaikyo bridge in Japan is the
longest suspension in the world
Cable-stayed bridges have towers with cable that support the deck the bridge. The tower bears the load of
the bridge and not the cables, they are only suitable if the bridge will span a short distance. There are two
types of cable stayed bridge, fan bridge and harp bridge.in harp the cables are attached to the length of the
tower. In fan all the cables are attached to the top of the tower. It is found in Gauteng.
Arch is a curved structure that span space. Because of their curved shape, arches can withstand
compression force. Arches are used in structures including bridges, building and dam walls
Arches in bridges means that the column and beam bridges can span great distance. The column can be
further apart because the arch supports the weight of the traffic on the bridge, Bloukrans bridge is an
example of arch near natures valley in western cape, it is the highest singles span bridge in the world
Arch in buildings is used in doorways and windows of buildings, as well as in the structure of high-ceilinged
rooms. The use of the arches in buildings strengthens the structure and increase the space that can be
spanned because arches do not need support column very close together.

CONSOLIDATION/LESSON CONCLUSION

ASSESSMENT:

Assessment type:
Project, essay, peer assessment of oral
presentation (refer to CAPS document)
Assessment instruments/tools:
assessment criteria grid (optional
depending on type of assessment used)]
Assessment method:
(Informal/formal/formative/summative)
Assessment task and instructions:

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EXTENDED LEARNING/ENRICHMENT:

TEACHER REFLECTION ON LESSON TAUGHT: (TO BE COMPLETED AFTER LESSON WAS

TAUGHT)

REFERENCES:

Reflection on the above lesson (Talk about challenges and successes of the lesson. How do you
feel about your recording that you sent in?

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