Scribd
Upload
29 views4 pages

Hsslive Xii Sociology CH 13 Ali

Globalization has led to both opportunities and losses for many in India. It has opened up India's economy through liberalization policies but this has negatively impacted some traditional occupations. For example, women silk workers and gum collectors lost their jobs due to cheaper imports. Globalization has also created new jobs in industries like call centers and retail but threatens many indigenous crafts and knowledge systems. While cultures are becoming more homogeneous through shared media and consumerism, some aspects are being localized to different areas. Overall, globalization has far-reaching social impacts that affect people in both positive and negative ways.

Uploaded by

anbarasik15.hist
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
29 views4 pages

Hsslive Xii Sociology CH 13 Ali

Globalization has led to both opportunities and losses for many in India. It has opened up India's economy through liberalization policies but this has negatively impacted some traditional occupations. For example, women silk workers and gum collectors lost their jobs due to cheaper imports. Globalization has also created new jobs in industries like call centers and retail but threatens many indigenous crafts and knowledge systems. While cultures are becoming more homogeneous through shared media and consumerism, some aspects are being localized to different areas. Overall, globalization has far-reaching social impacts that affect people in both positive and negative ways.

Uploaded by

anbarasik15.hist
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

13.

Globalisation and Social Change


➢ Removal of all types of quantitative restrictions (QR) to import products help us to get many
more products from different corners of the world in our neighbourhood shops.
➢ Globalisation affects consumers and producers differently.
➢ They also linked to public policies adopted by the government and its agreement with the
World Trade Organisation (WTO).
➢ The dramatic changes in the media are perhaps the most visible effect of globalisation.
➢ The effect of globalisation is far reaching. It affects us all but affects us differently.
➢ While some get new opportunities, others lost of livelihood.
➢ Women silk spinners and twisters of Bihar lost their jobs once the Chinese and Korean silk
yarn entered the market.
➢ In Gujarat, women gum collectors, who were picking from the ‘julifera’ (Baval trees), lost
their employment due to the import of cheaper gum from Sudan.
➢ In almost all cities of India, the rag pickers lost their employment due to the import of waste
paper from developed countries.

GLOBAL INTERCONNECTIONS AND INDIA

THE EARLY YEARS

• India was not isolated from the world even two thousand years ago.
• Silk route, connected India to the great civilisations, which existed in China, Persia, Egypt
and Rome.
• People from different parts came here, sometimes as traders, sometimes as conquerors,
sometimes as migrants in search of new lands and settled down here.
• Greatest grammarian in Sanskrit namely Panini, was of Afghan origin.
• The seventh-century Chinese scholar Yi Jing learned his Sanskrit in Java on his way from
China to India.
• We can find a warning against isolationism in the term ‘kupamanduka’- which denotes a
frog that lives its whole life within a well, knows nothing else, and is suspicious of
everything outside it.

COLONIALISM AND THE GLOBAL CONNECTION

Colonialism need new sources of capital, raw materials, energy, markets and a global network
for it’s existence. Large-scale movement of people or migration is it’s defining feature.

INDEPENDENT INDIA AND THE WORLD

 Independent India retained a global outlook. In many senses this was inherited from the
Indian nationalist movement.
 Many Indians travelled overseas for education and work.
 Migration was an ongoing process.
 Export and import of raw material, goods and technology was very much the part of
development since independence.
 Foreign firms did operate in India.

UNDERSTANDING GLOBALISATION

Globalisation refers to the growing interdependence between different people, regions and
countries in the world as social political and economic relationships come to stretch world-wide.
DIMENSIONS OF GLOBALISATION

ECONOMIC DIMENSIONS

a. The Economic Policy of Liberalisation:-


The term liberalisation refers to a range of policy decisions that India took since 1991 to
open up the Indian economy to the world market. It involve taking of loans from international
institutions such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF). These loans are given on certain
conditions which cuts state expenditure on the social sector such as health, education and social
security.

b. The transnational corporations(TNC):-


TNCs are companies that produce goods or market services in more than one country.
Example:- Coca Cola, General Motors, Colgate-Palmolive, Kodak, Mitsubishi

c. The electronic economy:-


Banks, corporations, fund managers and individual investors are able to shift funds
internationally with a mouse click.

d. The Weightless Economy or Knowledge Economy:-


The weightless economy is one in which products have their base in information, as in the
case with computer software, media and entertainment products and internet-based services. A
knowledge economy is one in which much of the workforce is involved not in the physical
production or distribution of material goods, but in their design, development, technology,
marketing, sale and servicing.

e. Globalisation of finance:-
Globally integrated financial markets undertake billions of dollars worth transactions within
seconds in the electronic circuits. There is a 24-hour trading in capital and security markets.

GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS

➔ Some homes and many offices now have multiple links to the outside world, including
telephones (land lines and mobiles), fax machines, digital and cable television, electronic
mail and the internet.
➔ Some places have digitally much improved, while some other places have not. This is often
termed as the digital divide in our country.
➔ To create global interconnection more efficiently, the Government of India has initiated an
ambitious programme in the form of ‘Digital India’, in which every exchange will
incorporate digitisation.

GLOBALISATION AND LABOUR

Nike company founder Phil Knight imported shoes from Japan and sold them at athletics
meetings. The company grew to a multinational enterprise, a transnational corporation. Its
headquarters are in Beverton. Only two US factories ever made shoes for Nike. In the 1960s they
were made in Japan. As costs increased production shifted to South Korea in mid-1970s and to
Thailand and Indonesia in 1980s. This flexibility of labour often works in favour of the producers.
Instead of mass production of goods at a centralised location (Fordism), it changed to a
system of flexible production at different locations (post-Fordism).
GLOBALISATION AND EMPLOYMENT

✗ globalisation and the IT revolution has opened up new career opportunities.


✗ Instead of traditional BSc/BA/BCom degree from colleges, students are learning computer
languages at computer institutes or taking up jobs at call centers or Business Process
Outsourcing (BPO) companies.
✗ They are working as sales persons in shopping malls or picking up jobs at the various
restaurants.

POLITICAL CHANGES

➢ Collapse of the socialist world that speed up globalisation.


➢ Emergence of neo-liberal economic measures.
➢ Growth of international and regional mechanisms for political collaboration, like European
Union (EU), the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN), South Asian Regional
Conference (SARC).
➢ Rise of International Governmental Organisations. (IGOs) and International Non-
Governmental Organisations (INGOs). (WTO for IGO) Greenpeace, The Red Cross and
Amnesty International for INGOs)

GLOBALISATION AND CULTURE

HOMOGENISATION VERSUS GLOCALISATION OF CULTURE

✔ A central assumption is that all cultures will become similar, that is homogeneous.
✔ Glocalisation refers to the mixing of the global with the local culture.
✔ In India, we find that all the foreign television channels like Star, MTV, Channel V and
Cartoon Network use Indian languages.
✔ Even McDonald sells only vegetarian and chicken products in India. Then there were not its
beef products, which are popular abroad.

CULTURE OF CONSUMPTION

➢ Cultural consumption (of art, food, fashion, music, tourism) shapes the growth of cities.
➢ Growth of shopping malls, multiplex cinema halls, amusement parks and ‘water world’ in
every major city in India indicate this.
➢ Advertisements and the media promote a culture where spending is much important.
➢ Competition like Miss Universe and Miss World have lead the growth of industries in the
fields of fashion, cosmetics and health.

CORPORATE CULTURE

✗ Corporate culture is a branch of management theory that seeks to increase productivity and
competitiveness through the creation of a unique organisational culture involving all
members of a firm.
✗ It involve company events, rituals and traditions to enhance employee loyalty and promote
group solidarity.
✗ It also refers to way of doing things, of promotion and packaging products.

THREAT TO MANY INDIGENOUS CRAFT KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS AND LITERARY TRADITIONS

➢ Globalisation ruined traditional cultural forms and occupations based on them.


➢ Large number of suicides by the traditional weavers who have no money to invest in power
loom technology.
➢ Traditional knowledge systems especially in the fields of medicine and agriculture have
been lost.
➢ Recent attempts by some multi-national companies to patent the use of Tulsi, Haldi
(turmeric), Rudraksha and Basmati rice has highlighted the need for protecting the base of
its indigenous knowledge systems.
➢ Television and radio have badly affected the means of livelihood of circus artists.

***************Prepared by Ali.N, HSST Sociology, Gbhss Malappuram-11121**************

You might also like