COMPLEX ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS wher - is a combination of real and imaginary numbers. The egative number is called imaginary number where the imaginary + atau the relation i bere is ca eee ae oid are 2 41; where mis even powers of j. =4j° where mis odd powers of j PLEX NUMBERS =0 thenx=0 andy=0 gles 0 & « of the following, sin’) +joos’«=0 ; cos==0 eS oo==0 «= arccos 0 «<= 90° AnswerSolution: cos’@ - sin’ = 0 c0s20 = 0 20 = arccos 0 20 = 90° 90" 2 0 = 45° Answer o- b. (1~tan’0) ~ jy1-sin? « =0 Solution: ; -Wi-sin? = +0 -cosx =0 cose: =0 = = arccos 0 eos = 90° Ai c. (c0s'20 - sin’26) + jlesc’« ~ 1) = 0 Solution: cos'26 — sin"20 = 0 {cos’20 + sin”26)(cos’20 - sin”26) = 0 (1)(e0s"20 - sin’20) = 0 cos40 = 0. ; esdx-1=0 40 = arccos 0 esce=1 7 40 = 90° esox = it -- au 4 = 22.5° AnswerJy) = (¢,+ jy), then x = x and y, & y of the following equations. 2+ yl 2 +4 Pays (iy! = 2+ 4 5 =24 78 multiply the whole equation by x; reduce to quadratic equation form; by quadratic formula; x = 1.800 Answer the value of x obtained to (2) to solve for the value of y: 2 2 =1.111 Answer 18b. (2x+ Sy -6-j12=0 Solution: (2x+ fay! = 6+ 12 4x2 + fl2xy + (By)? = 6+ j12 4x + fl2xy-9y = 6+ j12 (4x - 9y') + flaxy - 6+ j12 42-9476 —@ flaxy = j12 1oxy = 12 = 12x Substitute@ to@ af) 4x'-9 = 6x" 5 again reduce to quadratic a(x -6x'-9 =0 = SEN E6P -418)-9) 24) 6+13.416 multiply both sides by x] using quadratic formula| x= 1558 Answer ‘Substitute the value of x to (2) to solve for y: a 1.558 y= 0.642 Answer yjsinycosy - sin’x = 0.866 + j05 me ‘x- sin’) + jsinycosy= 0.866 ~ 0.5 os2x + jsinycosy=0.866-j0.5 ; sinycosy= su sax + ee = 0.866 + 0.5 2x = 0.866 2x = arccos (0.866) 2x= 30° ju)(x+ jy) = 0, then (x+ jy) = 0 or (x+ jy) = 0. Since the product is zero, re the multiplicand and multiplier are also zero. real part or component imaginary part or imaginary component (or Steinmets) form: r= magnitude or amplitud: @* argument or displacement in degrees. 2= read as bar angle.3. Trigonometric form: Z= r(c080 jsin6) or rejs8 or rcis® 4. Exponential form: Z= re? where: 0 = argument or displacement in radians. Azgand’s Diagram (Jean-Robert Argand) ~ is a coordinate 4 the real and imaginary axes for the representation of a complex nut x=3 Figure A Figure A is the Argand’s Diagram of rectangular form of 4 (B+ A) where x= 3; y= 4 and zis the resultant. Figure Bis the Argand’s Diagram showing the polar form of eq ‘To solve for ‘r” and @, isolate the right triangle then apply Pythag for “r” and definition of tangent function for angle “8” r= (3744 =Sunits 1 4 : tono=4 y=4 3 - 4 ZN ru 0 arctan( 44) - 8 = 53.13° ‘Therefore, 3 + j4 = £53.13" Ask your instructor how to convert polar complex numbei complex number or vice-versa using calculator.(6-38) to polar form, exponential form and trigonometric form. m: 's Diagram of (6 ~ 3); r= {6 +(37 r= 6,708 units 708 £26.57° Answer 7086" Answer 708 cjs\-26.57°) Answer 620° to rectangular form, exponential form and trigonometric ms 's Diagram of 630°;Isolate the right triangle: x 5 OF > y e cos 4 sin (309 = 4 AOE ; Cee x= 6 cos{-30") y= 6sin(-3i x= 5.196 y= 620° = 5.196 - j3 Answer 620° = 6e”™" Answer 620° = 6cjs{-30") Answer 3. Convert 5é°™* to rectangular form, polar form and trig Solution: ox o72s.aa (282 | = 41.54" radian Argand’s Diagram of 5741.54° = 5e""*; wy. 5 cos41.54°== 5 sin 5 x= 5 cos 41.54° 54° x= 3.742 5°" = 3,742 + 3.316 Answer sé = 5£41.54° Answer 5¢°" = Scjs 41.54° Answercos 30° = = 10 x= 10 cos 30° % x= 8.660 sin g0°= 4 i0 y=10sin 30° 30° = 8.660 + jS Answer 30° = 10/80" Answer 30° = 102° Answer -OMPLEX NUMBERS and Subtraction or subtract two or more complex numbers in rectangular form, subtract real part to real part and imaginary part to imaginaryEXAMPLE: Perform the indicated operations 1 Z+Z, +7 =(3+)6)+(6+A)+(8- Z+Z+7.=(8+4+8)+j6+4-7) Z+Z +7 =15+ 3 Answer . Given: Z=3+i7 Solution: Solutio To add or subtract two or more complex numbers not| lar form, convert first these complex numbers to rectangu add or subtract real part to real part and imaginary part to Ask your instructor how to add or subtract two or lex numbers on che calculator. 320° = (6 - 2) +5420" Solution: 3£80° - (6 - 2) + 520° = (2.598 + j1.5) - 6 + j2 + (4.698 - j1.710) = (2.598 ~ 6 + 4,698) + {1.5 +2-1.710) = 1.296 + j1.790 Answer (6 + J7) = 10¢js 30° + 106" + 5 Za5° = (6+ j7)- 1040" + 11 pe +5425" = (6 + j7) (8.660 + j5) + 10/43.09° + 5495° = (6 + j7) - (8.660 + j5) + (7.303 + j6.831) + (4.532 - 22 = (6 - 8.660 + 7.303 + 4.532) + 7 - 5 + 6.831 - 2.113] = 9.175 + j6.718 Answertion ing are the rules in multiplication of complex numbers. ‘The product of two or more complex numbers in polar form, is equal to the product of their magnitudes and the sum of their directions. To find the product of two or more complex numbers in rectangular form, ie (x, ty is, ty) = ex yy) Haley, +29) Convert all complex numbers to polar form and apply rule 1. duct of the following and express the result in polar form. (6230 J3)(6 250") 314 30.96°)(630") 986 40.96" Answer SZa5° + 72°") INGL35° + 7A 19 /49.398(4.095 + j2.867 ~ 5.050 + j#.848) 19 Ai9.398(9.145 + j7.715) 219 49.398")(11.965/40.15") 305 449.548° Answer 18 - A730" - 5 + 38) ion: ‘718 - j4)(6.062 + 73.5 -5 + j8) 1219 449.398°)(8.944 7-26.57°1.062 + j11.50) 219 A9.398°)'8.944 26,57°)11.548 64,729 2.187 A07.55° Answer3. Division The following are the rules in the division of complex m Rule 1 : Toperform division of complex numbers in their magnitude and get the difference of thei EXAMPLES: B As: -25° = 1.209 Ao" answer 22-55° Answer ‘The procedures for division of complex numb: form, multiply both numerator and deno1 conjugate of the denominator. The conjugat number in rectangular form say (a + jb) i multiplying the conjugate of the denominator and denominator, apply rule 2 of the multipli number. EXAMPLES: 5(3)= 15) + 5418) — (4)? # (AP (15+16)+ j2-20) oe See 31-78 25 8 25 .24 ~j0.32 Answer 31 2:2 (eal) - ja \4— jaha+j2 {4) + 7216) + J3(4) + (43) 72) 90 + j1.20 Answer tructor how to apply the four fundamental operations in evaluating numbers directly on the calculator.Name: Course & Instructor: = Date: Exercises: icated operations and express the result in polar form. Show 8) ; 12,083,424.44° Answer ; 0.784 478.69° Answer 5+ 7) ; 1.024 445° Answer4, Sqjs30° + 26°" — (3 + 5) e013 ; BE BP Oct. 97 2.236, 6. (3 + j2(7 402+ j2) 29.513,20.296 76.67? Answer +840", 0 here Sp mm < i © 5 3 40° Answer +8 25° 6 420° | + i; BE BP April 972-3 3 EE BP Oct. 97, : 11. (4 -5)(6¢i525") ; 12, 40€” + 20 40° + 26.46 +0Ree ee nme tant [ea650 2/40" +600] 5 $408 49.03" Answer IIB cis25°) + 2730"? ; 4:869,21.45° answer 44 §8 +38) 1.134 A53.28° Answer or) ; ?) } 2.199 27.24° Answerx= 2.402 y= 1.665 17. If (x+ jy) = 3 +9, find xandy. 18. Find the quadratic equation whoge roots are (3 ~ j5) and (2 + j#) ; x - 5.099 /411.32° x+ 26, 1s, (#-41-28)(7+ 51-36) + 628.8, 51.531,|OF COMPLEX NUMBER the square root of @ given complex number in polar form, simply root of magnitude and multiply the direction by one-half. Or if the jumber isin rectangular form, let that as (e+ jy) = Ya a+ jb , square ply then use theorem 2 of complex number, this is an alternate 1e square root of (3 + j4) by twc methods. (ethod: mnvert (3 +) to polar form and take the square root of both sides, the rules above. A) =5A3.13° 3+ ~ 5263.13" + 360°k Jay! = 4/4, (63.139) (B+ jay = (§/53.13° + 360°) ‘ys = 2.296 46.572 gi /53:13+ 360° Z 2 = 2.236 £26.57 + 180% Fork =Oandk=1 2.236 /26.57° 2.236 /206.57° or 2.236 /26.57° since -1 = 180° Method: xt jy= (3+ f+ y= (3 +4) ; expand the left side; Bry + (i =3+A 5 5 square both sides; 0)‘Substitute @) to (1) ; to solve for the values of x (3-1 gay oat x-4= 3x 3 Teduce to quadratic e (é-32-4=0 ; by factoring; (2-4) + 1)=0 x ate x =i2 ‘Therefore the solutiofs are (£ 2 + jl) which are also equalName: Course Instructor: Date: EXeRcIses: following by two methods and express the results in polar form. t of the product of (3 + 4) ). 5} 6.421 /64.55° Answer 9¢ of the sum of 2qjs 30°, (6 - 3) 2 ; 3.237 42.01° AnswerEE 3. (6+ j213/30")(6 - j2) 3 5, _[Peis25°+84a5e Pare 3X NUMBERS exponential form and trigonometric form. = rais(@ + 360°K) ; of both sides ; Hl coef 2+ 350°), Irincipal value or root, and “8” must be a positive angle. Ware auxilary values or roots a=0° = A5 of 228870), jsit (ese) ste ae ia Ba nf 22620), oin( 22080 oascou)|. Ane w =| {e238 ; (e322) /pa0e 3We! 2. Find the four roots of 16 20° Solution: k=0 ; Wo=Mi6] kaa 5 w= falco 20-260" eos Wy aloo =20-szorra k=3 5 1%, 456 co Argand’s Diagram of the four roots, W., W., W, and W.: =20° + 360"(3) 20° + 360°(0) 4 eae m6) jl — ee -20°+ S00 J -20° +34 4mete principal value of the following: +2 3.606/43.69° + 360°k ; for principal value k= 0; 606 /33.69° + 360°(0 p - 3.606 433.69" 5 3606-6" | rad, 33.69° = 33.69°| = 0. radian; 33.69: ss. 0.588 geo gam psn ogee = gianCasrwoandaon 7 Tope erm, peas \°"” = 14.483 /4.329 rad. 4 / ad = 14.483,/248.03° Answer 4 = 5/5319" + 960% 5 for principal value k= 0 Ps rad 4 5/53.13° ; Sue! ge em isto gems (sen - azn 4) = 0.39692. 19° AnswerInstructor: Date: Exenrcise: lc the six roots of (717.925 + j126.589). Show the roots in Argand’s 81.67%; 67°; W, = 3 £61.67"; W, /A01.67° Answer the five roots of 32¢"“”. Show the roots in Argand’s Diagram. 128; W, = 2/84°; W, = 2/156; W, = 2 L280; 300° Answer -e the principal value of the following and express the result in 1m. 7.250 x 10" /0° Answerb. B+ a)" ; 4. 2- jay owJOREM (Abraham De Moivre) for any complex number raised to the mth power, the outcomes other complex number with magnitude equal to the original magnitude raised to the mth power and the argument equal to number's argument multiplied by “m”. ¢ theorem in equation we have; = rey" j= rejsnd = ref" 5 divide both sides by 7”. jsind)” = cosmd + jsinmé| —2sin’@ and sin A= 2sind = 2sin0 1 - sin? @ by De + jein20 = (cos + jsind)” ; expand the right side; + jsin20 = cos’@ + f2sinOcos0 + (jsind’ §; f =—1; + jsin20 = (cos"® - sin’@) + j2sinfcos@_; _by theorem 2 jorems on complex number os'8-sin’@ ; butcos¥=1-sin'® ; = (1-sin’9) - sin’ = 1-2sin' 8cos@.; but cos sin? @ 2sin V1 —sin?@ (cos 20+ jsin 28}?(cos60+ jsin 60)” (c0s 30 + sin 30)°(cis108) + jsin29)'= [(cose+ jsinoy = (cos0 + jsind)* + jxin60)= [(os0 + jsin0)] = (cos + sine)” + Jaina) = [[cose + jsine? = (cos0 + jsind)” Jo = c08100 + jsin100 = (cos0 + sin6)"*‘Therefore; (cos 29 + jsin 28 (cos60 + jsin 607? (cos 30+ jsin 36)° (cjs108) (cos6+ jsin0f'(cos0+ jsin 6)? (cos6+ jsin6)°(coso+ jsine)™ (cose + jsing)'® (cos6+ jsin6)® Lestat” = (cos0 + jaino)” o 1 {cos@+ jsing)> 1 - ———*——_ Answer cos30+ jsin 30 3. Evaluate the following by De Moivre's Theorem and polar form. . met Solution: cosg0"="%;_—sini20°= 9/ + FL) =(e08120" + in120"7 Ih FJ = [c082160")+ jsin 460°]P [le 60° + jsin 60°) eT {cos60° + jsin60")" ian ff G G & eZ G % G ysi8Ch = 144602 =1 Answerarcos0.906 = 25° and sin 25° = 0.423 1906 + j0.423)" = (cos25° + jsin25° 906 + 0.423)" ~ [cos5(5")+ jsin 515" 1906 + j0.423)’ = [(cs Se+ jens] 2 ‘0 vs, So pa ea 1906 + j0.423)' = (cosS* + jsinS‘) 55° = (3) a 906 + 0.423)" = (1¢/ 2 906 + j0.423)" = 167% 1/60° Answer we ising tion: 6 (c08 7, + jsin¥)} (cos, + jsin | (cos 74+ jsin {)}° = 64(cos180" + jsin1807" (cos 94+ jsiny)} = 64(¢7 (cos 7+ jsinyf)| 64d" ; 2nradians = 360° cos 7+ jsinyf))° - 64 soe = 64 +0 = 64 Answer [cos ¥, (a) jsin ¥, CM = t[costn)+ jsinon] ; radian = 180°Peeeeeee ene ee ne een Name: instructor: Course Date: Exercises: L 008 = 8882 and sin ye Messrs 2. cos30 = (4cos'6 - 3cos@) and sin3@ = (3sin@ ~ 4sin’@) using De 3, (cis28)* (¢is50)? , by De Moivre’s - egesoyeomyy” 2 De Mo‘ere aaa ft 3 [95(e0s148+ jsinise) Anser {the following by De Moivre’s Theorem and express the result in form. 3 + j0.906)/* 5 (0.849 + 0.537) answerb. (0.087 + j0.996)* + 0.9324 « [Slcon)) : 66 ae) a ze + See cos 2+ jsin%] +2) (cos.20+ jsin 20)?(cos30+ jsin 30)? ie (cos 40-+ jsin 49)(c0860+ join 68) 5. Evaluate