1

Physical World, Units and Measurements P-1

Physical World, Units

and Measurements
Numerical

Q.1. In a screw gauge, there are 100 divisions on the circular scale
and the main scale moves by 0.5 mm on a complete rotation of
the circular scale. The zero of circular scale lies 6 divisions below
the line of graduation when two studs are brought in contact with
each other. When a wire is placed between the studs, 4 linear
scale divisions are clearly visible while 46th division the circular
scale coincide with the reference line. The diameter of the wire is
______________ ×10−2 mm.
JEE Main 2023 (Online) 30th January Morning Shift

Answers Key & Explanation

1. Correct answer is 220
Explanation-
 MCQ (Single Correct Answer)

Q.1. The speed of a wave produced in water is given by

Where λ, g and p are wavelength of wave, acceleration due to
gravity and density of water respectively. The values
of a,b and c respectively, are :

15th April 2023 Morning Shift

Q.2. In the equation is pressure, Y is

volume, R is universal gas constant and T is temperature. The
physical quantity equivalent to the ratio is:
JEE Main 2023 (Online) 13th April Evening Shift

Q.3. A body of mass (5±0.5) kg is moving with a velocity

of (20±0.4) m/s. Its kinetic energy will be

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 13th April Morning Shift

Q.4. Match List I with List II

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Q.5. If force (F), velocity (V) and time (T) are considered as
fundamental physical quantity, then dimensional formula of
density will be :
JEE Main 2023 (Online) 11th April Evening Shift

Q.6. Given below are two statements :

Statements I : Astronomical unit (Au), Parsec (Pc) and Light year

(ly) are units for measuring astronomical distances.
Statements II : Au<Parsec(Pc)<ly

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate

answer from the options given below:

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 11th April Morning Shift

Q.7. In an experiment with vernier callipers of least

count 0.1 mm, when two jaws are joined together the zero of
vernier scale lies right to the zero of the main scale and 6th
division of vernier scale coincides with the main scale division.
While measuring the diameter of a spherical bob, the zero of
vernier scale lies in between 3.2 cm and 3.3 cm marks, and 4th
division of vernier scale coincides with the main scale division.
The diameter of bob is measured as
JEE Main 2023 (Online) 10th April Evening Shift
Q.8. A physical quantity P is given as

The percentage error in the measurement of a, b, c and d are 1%,

2%, 3% and 4% respectively. The percentage error in the
measurement of quantity P will be

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 10th April Morning Shift

Q.9. Match List I with List II

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 8th April Evening Shift

Q.10. Dimension of should be equal to

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 8th April Morning Shift

Q.11. A cylindrical wire of mass (0.4±0.01)g has

length (8±0.04)cm and radius (6±0.03)mm. The maximum error
in its density will be:

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 6th April Morning Shift

Q.12. If the velocity of light c, universal gravitational
constant G and Planck's constant h are chosen as fundamental
quantities. The dimensions of mass in the new system is :
JEE Main 2023 (Online) 1st February Evening Shift

Q13. Match List I with List II

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 31st January Evening Shift

Q.14. Match List I with List II:

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 30th January Evening Shift

Q.15. The equation of a circle is given by where a is

the radius. If the equation is modified to change the origin other
than (0, 0), then find out the correct dimensions of A and B in a
new equation : . The dimensions of t is
given as [T−1].

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 29th January Evening Shift

Q.16. Match List I with List II :

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
JEE Main 2023 (Online) 29th January Morning Shift

Q.17. Match List I with List II

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
JEE Main 2023 (Online) 25th January Evening Shift

Q.18. Match List I with List II

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 24th January Morning Shift
 Answers Key & Explanations:

1. Ans. (D)
2. Ans. (B)
3. Ans. (A)

4. Ans. (C)
5. Ans. (D)
6. Ans. (D)

7. Ans. (A)
8. Ans. (B)

9. Ans. (B)
10. Ans. (C)

11. Ans. (C)

12. Ans. (C)

13. Ans (C)

14. Ans (B)

15. Ans. (A)

16. Ans. (C)

17. Ans. (A)

18. Ans. (B)
 2022
Numerical

Q.1. In an experiment to find acceleration due to gravity (g) using simple

pendulum, time period of 0.5 s is measured from time of 100 oscillation
with a watch of 1 s resolution. If measured value of length is 10 cm known
to 1 mm accuracy, The accuracy in the determination of g is found to be X%.
The value of X is ___________.
JEE Main 2022 (Online) 28th July Evening Shift

Q.2. The one division of main scale of Vernier callipers reads 1 mm and 10
divisions of Vernier scale is equal to the 9 divisions on main scale. When
the two jaws of the instrument touch each other, the zero of the Vernier lies
to the right of zero of the main scale and its fourth division coincides with a
main scale division. When a spherical bob is tightly placed between the two
jaws, the zero of the Vernier scale lies in between 4.1 cm and 4.2 cm and
6th Vernier division coincides scale division. The diameter of the bob will be
____________ × 10−2 cm.
JEE Main 2022 (Online) 27th July Morning Shift

Q.3. The Vernier constant of Vernier callipers is 0.1 mm and it has zero
error of (−0.05) cm. While measuring diameter of a sphere, the main scale
reading is 1.7 cm and coinciding vernier division is 5. The corrected
diameter will be _________ × 10−2 cm.
JEE Main 2022 (Online) 29th June Evening Shift

Q.4. A student in the laboratory measures thickness of a wire using screw

gauge. The readings are 1.22 mm, 1.23 mm, 1.19 mm and 1.20 mm. The
percentage error is 121%. The value of x is ____________.
JEE Main 2022 (Online) 28th June Evening Shift

Q.5. A travelling microscope is used to determine the refractive index of a

glass slab. If 40 divisions are there in 1 cm on main scale and 50 Vernier
scale divisions are equal to 49 main scale divisions, then least count of the
travelling microscope is __________ × 10−6 m.
JEE Main 2022 (Online) 26th June Evening Shift

Q.6. In a vernier callipers, each cm on the main scale is divided into 20

equal parts. If tenth vernier scale division coincides with nineth main scale
division. Then the value of vernier constant will be _________ × 10−2 mm.
JEE Main 2022 (Online) 26th June Morning Shift

Q.7. For Z=a2x3y1/2, where 'a' is a constant. If percentage error in

measurement of 'x' and 'y' are 4% and 12% respectively, then the percentage
error for 'z' will be _______________%.
JEE Main 2022 (Online) 25th June Evening Shift

Answer Key & Explanation

1. Ans. Correct answer is 5

Explanation

2. Ans. Correct answer is 412

Explanation
3. Ans. Correct answer is 180
Explanation
Since zero error is negative, we will add 0.05 cm.

⇒ Corrected reading = 1.7 cm + 5 × 0.1 mm + 0.05 cm

= 180 × 10−2 cm

4. Ans. Correct answer is 150

Explanation

5. Ans. Correct answer is 5

Explanation
6. Ans. Correct answer is 5
Explanation

7. Ans. Correct answer is 18

Explanation
 MCQ (Single Correct Answer)

Q.1. Match List I with List II.

List I List II

A. Torque I. Nms−1

B. Stress II. J kg−1

C. Latent Heat III. Nm

D. Power IV. Nm−2

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 29th July Evening Shift

Q.2. Given below are two statements: One is labelled as Assertion (A) and
other is labelled as Reason (R).

Assertion (A) : Time period of oscillation of a liquid drop depends on

surface tension (S), if density of the liquid is p and radius of the drop is r,

then is dimensionally correct, where K is dimensionless.

Reason (R) : Using dimensional analysis we get R.H.S. having different

dimension than that of time period.
In the light of above statements, choose the correct answer from the
options given below.

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 29th July Morning Shift

Q.3. A travelling microscope has 20 divisions per cm on the main scale

while its vernier scale has total 50 divisions and 25 vernier scale divisions
are equal to 24 main scale divisions, what is the least count of the travelling
microscope?

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 29th July Morning Shift

Q.4. In an experiment to find out the diameter of wire using screw gauge,
the following observations were noted:
(A) Screw moves 0.5 mm on main scale in one complete rotation

(B) Total divisions on circular scale =50

(C) Main scale reading is 2.5 mm

(D) 45th division of circular scale is in the pitch line

(E) Instrument has 0.03 mm negative error

Then the diameter of wire is:

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 29th July Morning Shift

Q.5. Consider the efficiency of Carnot’s engine is given by ,

where α and β are constants. If T is temperature, k is Boltzmann
constant, θ is angular displacement and x has the dimensions of length.
Then, choose the incorrect option:
JEE Main 2022 (Online) 28th July Evening Shift

Q.6. The dimensions of will be:

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 28th July Morning Shift

Q.7. An expression of energy density is given by , where α,

β are constants, X is displacement, k is Boltzmann constant and t is the
temperature. The dimensions of β will be :
JEE Main 2022 (Online) 27th July Evening Shift

Q.8. A torque meter is calibrated to reference standards of mass, length

and time each with 5% accuracy. After calibration, the measured torque
with this torque meter will have net accuracy of :

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 27th July Morning Shift

Q.9. In a Vernier Calipers, 10 divisions of Vernier scale is equal to the 9

divisions of main scale. When both jaws of Vernier calipers touch each
other, the zero of the Vernier scale is shifted to the left of zero of the main
scale and 4th Vernier scale division exactly coincides with the main scale
reading. One main scale division is equal to 1 mm. While measuring
diameter of a spherical body, the body is held between two jaws. It is now
observed that zero of the Vernier scale lies between 30 and 31 divisions of
main scale reading and 6th Vernier scale division exactly coincides with the
main scale reading. The diameter of the spherical body will be

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 26th July Evening Shift

Q.10. A screw gauge of pitch 0.5 mm is used to measure the diameter of

uniform wire of length 6.8 cm, the main scale reading is 1.5 mm and
circular scale reading is 7 . The calculated curved surface area of wire to
appropriate significant figures is :

[Screw gauge has 50 divisions on its circular scale]

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 26th July Morning Shift

Q.11. The maximum error in the measurement of resistance, current and
time for which current flows in an electrical circuit
are 1%,2% and 3% respectively. The maximum percentage error in the
detection of the dissipated heat will be :

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 25th July Evening Shift

Q.12. If momentum [P], area [A] and time [T] are taken as fundamental
quantities, then the dimensional formula for coefficient of viscosity is:

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 25th July Morning Shift

Q.13. If n main scale divisions coincide with (n + 1) vernier scale divisions.

The least count of vernier callipers, when each centimetre on the main
scale is divided into five equal parts, will be :
JEE Main 2022 (Online) 30th June Morning Shift

Q.14. The SI unit of a physical quantity is pascal-second. The dimensional

formula of this quantity will be:

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 27th June Evening Shift

Q15. A silver wire has a mass (0.6 ± 0.006) g, radius (0.5 ± 0.005) mm and
length (4 ± 0.04) cm. The maximum percentage error in the measurement
of its density will be:
JEE Main 2022 (Online) 27th June Morning Shift

Q.16. The dimension of mutual inductance is:

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 26th June Evening Shift

Q.17. An expression for a dimensionless quantity P is given

by ; where α and β are constants, x is distance; k is
Boltzmann constant and t is the temperature. Then the dimensions of α will
be :
JEE Main 2022 (Online) 26th June Morning Shift

Q.18. If , then the relative error in Z will be:

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 25th June Morning Shift

Q.19. Identify the pair of physical quantities that have same dimensions:

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 24th June Evening Shift

Q.20. Identify the pair of physical quantities which have different

dimensions:
JEE Main 2022 (Online) 24th June Morning Shift

Answer Key & Explanation

1. Ans. (B)
Explanation

2. Ans. (D)
Explanation
We know,

3. Ans. (C)
Explanation

4. Ans. (C)
Explanation
5. Ans. (D)
Explanation
Since, dimensions trigonometric function and logarithmic function are
dimensionless quantities.
6. Ans. (C)
Explanation

7. Ans. (D)
Explanation

8. Ans. (B)
Explanation
We know that, torque applied on a rotating body,

9. Ans. (C)
Explanation
Given, In Vernier calipers, 10 VSD =9 MSD Given, In Vernier calipers, 10
VSD =9 MSD

Negative error = Main scale reading - Least count × Number of coinciding

main scale division

10. Ans. (B)

Explanation
11. Ans. (D)
Explanation

12. Ans. (A)

Explanation
13. Ans. (A)
Explanation
14. Ans. (A)
Explanation

15. Ans. (A)

Explanation

16. Ans. (C)

Explanation

17. Ans. (C)

Explanation
18. Ans. (C)
Explanation

19. Ans. (A)

Explanation
20. Ans. (D)
Explanation
 2021

Numerical
Q.1 The diameter of a spherical bob is measured using a vernier callipers. 9
divisions of the main scale, in the vernier callipers, are equal to 10 divisions of
vernier scale. One main scale division is 1 mm. The main scale reading is 10 mm and
8th division of vernier scale was found to coincide exactly with one of the main scale
division If the given vernier callipers has positive zero error of 0.04 cm, then the
radius of the bob is ___________ ×× 10−2 cm.
31st Aug Evening Shift 2021

Q.2 The acceleration due to gravity is found upto an accuracy of 4% on a planet. The
energy supplied to a simple pendulum to known mass 'm' to undertake oscillations
of time period T is being estimated. If time period is measured to an accuracy of 3%,
the accuracy to which E is known as ..............%
31st Aug Evening Shift 2021

Q.3 A 16 Ω wire is bend to form a square loop. A 9V supply having internal

resistance of 1Ω is connected across one of its sides. The potential drop across the
diagonals of the square loop is _______________ ×× 10−1 V
25th July Evening Shift 2021

Q.4 Student A and student B used two screw gauges of equal pitch and 100 equal
circular divisions to measure the radius of a given wire. The actual value of the
radius of the wire is 0.322 cm. The absolute value of the difference between the final
circular scale readings observed by the students A and B is ______________.
[Figure shows position of reference 'O' when jaws of screw gauge are closed]
Given pitch = 0.1 cm.
25th July Morning Shift 2021

Q.5 Three students S1, S2 and S3 perform an experiment for determining the
acceleration due to gravity (g) using a simple pendulum. They use different lengths
of pendulum and record time for different number of oscillations. The observations
are as shown in the table.
Student Length of No. of Total time Time
No. Pendulum oscillations for period
(cm) (n) n (s)
oscillations
1 64.0 8 128.0 16.0
2 64.0 4 64.0 16.0
3 20.0 4 36.0 9.0

(Least count of length = 0.1 cm and Least count for time = 0.1 s)
If E1, E2 and E3 are the percentage errors in 'g' for students 1, 2 and 3 respectively,
then the minimum percentage error is obtained by student no. ______________.
22th July Evening Shift 2021

Q.6 The radius of a sphere is measured to be (7.50 ±± 0.85) cm. Suppose the
percentage error in its volume is x.
The value of x, to the nearest x, is __________.
18th Mar Evening Shift 2021

Q.7

16th Mar Morning Shift 2021

 Numerical Answer Key

1. Ans. (52)
2. Ans. (14)
3. Ans. (45)
4. Ans. (13)
5. Ans. (1)
6. Ans. (34)
7. Ans. (5)

Numerical Explanation

Ans. 1
Ans 2.

Ans 3.
Here assume current as
Ans 4.
For (A)

Reading = MSR + CSR + Error

0.322 = 0.300 + CSR + 5 ×× LC

0.322 = 0.300 + CSR + 0.005

CSR = 0.017

For (B)

Reading = MSR + CSR + Error

0.322 = 0.200 + CSR + 0.092

CSR = 0.030

Difference = 0.030 −− 0.017 = 0.013 cm

Ans 5.

Ans 6.
Ans 7.

MCQ (Single Correct Answer)

Q.1. A student determined Young's Modulus of elasticity using the

formula . The value of g is taken to be 9.8 m/s2, without any significant

error, his observation are as following.

Physical Least count of the

Quantity Equipment used Observed value
for measurement

Mass (M) 1g 2 kg
 Physical Least count of the
Quantity Equipment used Observed value
for measurement

Length of bar (L) 1 mm 1m

Breadth of bar (b) 0.1 mm 4 cm

Thickness of bar (d) 0.01 mm 0.4 cm

Depression (δδ) 0.01 mm 5 mm

Then the fractional error in the measurement of Y is :

1st Sep Evening Shift 2021

Q.2 If velocity [V], time [T] and force [F] are chosen as the base quantities, the
dimensions of the mass will be:

31st Aug Evening Shift 2021

Q.3 Which of the following equations is dimensionally incorrect?
Where t = time, h = height, s = surface tension, θ= angle, ρ = density, a, r = radius, g =
acceleration due to gravity, v = volume, p = pressure, W = work done, T =
torque, ∈∈ = permittivity, E = electric field, J = current density, L = length.

31st Aug Morning Shift 2021

Q.4 Match List - I with List - II.

Choose the most appropriate answer from the option given below :
31st Aug Morning Shift 2021

Q.5 An object is placed at the focus of concave lens having focal length f. What is the
magnification and distance of the image from the optical centre of the lens?

31st Aug Morning Shift 2021

Q.6 If force (F), length (L) and time (T) are taken as the fundamental quantities.
Then what will be the dimension of density :

27st Aug Evening Shift 2021

Q.7 Match List - I with List - II.

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

27st Aug Evening Shift 2021

Q.8 If E and H represents the intensity of electric field and magnetising field
respectively, then the unit of E/H will be :

27st Aug Morning Shift 2021

Q.9 Which of the following is not a dimensionless quantity?

27st Aug Morning Shift 2021

Q.10 If the length of the pendulum in pendulum clock increases by 0.1%, then the
error in time per day is :

26st Aug Evening Shift 2021

Q.11 Match List - I with List – II

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :
26st Aug Evening Shift 2021

Q.12 If E, L, M and G denote the quantities as energy, angular momentum, mass and
constant of gravitation respectively, then the dimensions of P in the formula P =
EL2M−5G−2 are :

26st Aug Morning Shift 2021

Q.13 In a Screw Gauge, fifth division of the circular scale coincides with the
reference line when the ratchet is closed. There are 50 divisions on the circular
scale, and the main scale moves by 0.5 mm on a complete rotation. For a particular
observation the reading on the main scale is 5 mm and the 20th division of the
circular scale coincides with reference line. Calculate the true reading.
26st Aug Evening Shift 2021

Q.15

If the percentage errors found in y, m, r, l and g are 18, 1, 0.5, 4 and p respectively,
then find the value of x and p.

27st July Evening Shift 2021

Q.16 The vernier scale used for measurement has a positive zero error of 0.2 mm. If
while taking a measurement it was noted that '0' on the vernier scale lies between
8.5 cm and 8.6 cm, vernier coincidence is 6, then the correct value of measurement
is ___________ cm. (least count = 0.01 cm)

17th March Morning Shift 2021

Q.17 In order to determine the Young's Modulus of a wire of radius 0.2 cm

(measured using a scale of least count = 0.001 cm) and length 1m (measured using a
scale of least count = 1 mm), a weight of mass 1 kg (measured using a scale of least
count = 1 g) was hanged to get the elongation of 0.5 cm (measured using a scale of
least count 0.001 cm). What will be the fractional error in the value of Young's
Modulus determined by this experiment?

16th March Evening Shift 2021

Q.18 One main scale division of a vernier callipers is 'a' cm and nth division of the
vernier scale coincide with (n − 1)th division of the main scale. The least count of the
callipers in mm is :

16th March Morning Shift 2021

Q.19 If 'C' and 'V' represent capacity and voltage respectively then what are the
dimensions of λλ where C/V = λ ?
26th Feb Evening Shift 2021

Q.20 In a typical combustion engine the workdone by a gas molecule is given by W

where x is the displacement, k is the Boltzmann constant and T is the temperature. If

α and β are constants, dimensions of α will be :

26th Feb Morning Shift 2021

Q.20 If e is the electronic charge, c is the speed of light in free space and h is Planck's
constant, the
25th Feb Evening Shift 2021

Q.21 Match List - I with List - II :

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

25th Feb Morning Shift 2021

Q.22 The period of oscillation of a simple pendulum is Measured value

of 'L' is 1.0 m from meter scale having a minimum division of 1 mm and time of one
complete oscillation is 1.95 s measured from stopwatch of 0.01 s resolution. The
percentage error in the determination of 'g' will be :
24th Feb Evening Shift 2021

Q.23 The work done by a gas molecule in an isolated system is

given by, where x is the displacement, k is the Boltzmann constant

and T is the temperature. αα and ββ are constants. Then the dimensions of ββ will
be:

24th Feb Morning Shift 2021

MCQ Answer Key

1. Ans. (B) 10. Ans. (c) 19. Ans. (a)

2. Ans. (B) 11. Ans. (d) 20. Ans. (c)
 3. Ans. (a) 12. Ans. (d) 21. Ans. (a)
4. Ans. (a) 13. Ans. (c) 22. Ans. (c)
5. Ans. (c) 14. Ans. (c) 23. Ans. (c)
6. Ans. (a) 15. Ans. (b)
7. Ans. (B) 16. Ans. (c)
8. Ans. (a) 17. Ans. (a)
9. Ans. (c) 18. Ans. (c)

MCQ Explanation

Ans 1.

Ans 2.
Ans 3.

Ans 4.
Ans 5.

Ans 6.

Ans 7.
Ans 8.

Ans 9.

Ans 10.
Ans 11.

Ans 12.

Ans 13.
Ans 14.

Ans 15.

Ans 16.
Ans 17.

Ans 18.
Ans 19.

Ans 20.
Ans 21.
Ans 22.
Ans 23.
where, k is Boltzmann constant,

T is temperature and x is displacement.

Since, dimensions of k are

 MCQ (Single Correct Answer)
Q.1 Statement I:

Two forces hen act at an angle θ1 to each

other, the magnitude of their resultant is when they act at an

angle θθ2, the magnitude of their resultant becomes This is possible

only when θ1<θ2
Statement II:
In the situation given above.
θ1 = 60∘ and θ2 = 90∘
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the
options given below :-

31st Aug Evening Shift 2021

Q.2 The resultant of these forces is approximately .......... N.

27th Aug Morning Shift 2021

Q.3 The angle between vector

26th Aug Evening Shift 2021

Q.4 The magnitude of vectors in the given figure are equal. The
direction of

with x-axis will be :

26th Aug Morning Shift 2021

Q.5 Assertion A: If A, B, C, D are four points on a semi-circular are with centre at 'O'
such that

Reason R: Polygon law of vector addition yields

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the
options given below :

27th July Morning Shift 2021

Q.6

25th July Evening Shift 2021

Q.7 Match List - I with List – II

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

25th July Evening Shift 2021

Q.8 What will be the projection of vector

22th July Evening Shift 2021

Q.9

20th July Evening Shift 2021

Q.10

20th July Morning Shift 2021

 MCQ Answer Key

1. Ans. (b) 10. Ans. (c)

2. Ans. (A)
3. Ans. (c)
4. Ans. (A)
5. Ans. (d)
6. Ans. (b)
7. Ans. (b)
8. Ans. (b)
9. Ans. (d)

MCQ Explanation

Ans 1.
Ans 2.

Ans 3.
Ans 4.

Let magnitude be equal to λ

∴ Angle with x-axis

Hence option (a).

Ans 5. Polygon law is applicable in both but the equation given in the reason is not
useful in explaining the assertion.
Ans 6. Given X = Y

Square both sides

Ans 7.

Option (iv)

Option (iii)

Option (i)

Option (ii)
Ans 8.

Ans 9.
Using (i) in above equation

Ans 10.

Also, we know that

From Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii), we get

 6. Amount of solar energy received on the earth's surface
per unit area per unit time is defined a solar constant.
TOPIC 1 Unit of Physical Quantities
Dimension of solar constant is : [Sep. 03, 2020 (II)]
(a) ML2T–2 (b) ML0T–3
1. The density of a material in SI unit is 128 kg m–3. In
certain units in which the unit of length is 25 cm and (c) M2L0T–1 (d) MLT–2
the unit of mass is 50 g, the numerical value of density 7. If speed V, area A and force F are chosen as fundamental
of the material is: [10 Jan. 2019 I] units, then the dimension of Young's modulus will be :
(a) 40 (b) 16 (c) 640 (d) 410 [Sep. 02, 2020 (I)]
2. A metal sample carrying a current along X-axis with density Jx is (a) FA2V–1 (b) FA2V–3
subjected to a magnetic field Bz (along z-axis). The electric field (c) FA2V–2 (d) FA–1V0
Ey developed along Y-axis is directly proportional to Jx as well 8. If momentum (P), area (A) and time (T) are taken to be the
as Bz. The constant of proportionality has SI unit fundamental quantities then the dimensional formula for
[Online April 25, 2013] energy is : [Sep. 02, 2020 (II)]
m2 m 3
m2 As (a) [P2AT –2] (b) [PA–1T–2]
(a) (b) (c) (d)
A As As m3 (c) [PA1/ 2T-1 ] (d) [P1/ 2AT-1]
Dimensions of Physical 9. Which of the following combinations has the dimension
TOPIC 2 of electrical resistance (Î0 is the permittivity of vacuum
Quantities
and m0 is the permeability of vacuum)?
1 E 1 [12 April 2019 I]
3. The quantities x = , y= and z = are
m0 e0 B CR m0 m0 e0 e0
defined where C-capacitance, R-Resistance, l-length, (a) e0 (b) e0 (c) m0 (d) m
0
E-Electric field, B-magnetic field and e 0 , m 0 , - free 10. In the formula X = 5YZ2, X and Z have dimensions of
space permittivity and permeability respectively. Then : capacitance and magnetic field, respectively. What are
[Sep. 05, 2020 (II)]
(a) x, y and z have the same dimension. the dimensions of Y in SI units ? [10 April 2019 II]
(b) Only x and z have the same dimension. (a) [M–3 L–2 T8 A4] (b) [M–1 L–2 T4 A2]
(c) Only x and y have the same dimension. (c) [M–2 L0 T–4 A–2] (d) [M–2 L–2 T6 A3]
(d) Only y and z have the same dimension.
4. Dimensional formula for thermal conductivity is (here K Î0
11. In SI units, the dimensions of is: [8 April 2019 I]
denotes the temperature : [Sep. 04, 2020 (I)] m0
(a) MLT–2 K (b) MLT–2 K–2
(a) A–1TML3 (b) AT2 M–1L–1
(c) MLT–3 K (d) MLT–3 K–1
(c) AT–3ML3/2 (d) A2T3 M–1L–2
5. A quantity x is given by (IFv2/WL4) in terms of moment of
inertia I, force F, velocity v, work W and Length L. The 12. Let l, r, c and v represent inductance, resistance,
dimensional formula for x is same as that of : capacitance and voltage, respectively. The dimension of
[Sep. 04, 2020 (II)] l
in SI units will be : [12 Jan. 2019 II]
(a) planck’s constant (b) force constant rcv
(a) [LA ]– 2 –1
(b) [A ]
(c) energy density (d) coefficient of viscosity
(c) [LTA] (d) [LT2]
P-2 Physics

13. The force of interaction between two atoms is given by (a) [ M ]=[ T–1 C–2 h ] (b) [ M ]=[ T–1 C2 h ]
æ x2 ö (c) [ M ]=[ T C h ] (d) [ M ]=[ T C–2 h ]
–1 –2 –1

F = ab exp ç - 21. A, B, C and D are four different physical quantities having

ç akT ÷÷ ; where x is the distance, k is the
è ø different dimensions. None of them is dimensionless. But
Boltzmann constant and T is temperature and a and b are we know that the equation AD = C ln (BD) holds true.
two constants. The dimensions of b is: [11 Jan. 2019 I] Then which of the combination is not a meaningful quantity ?
(a) M0L2T–4 (b) M2LT–4 [Online April 10, 2016]
(c) MLT–2 (d) M2 L2 T–2 C AD 2
(a) - (b) A2 –B2C2
14. If speed (V), acceleration (A) and force (F) are considered BD C
as fundamental units, the dimension of Young’s modulus A (A - C)
(c) -C (d)
will be : [11 Jan. 2019 II] B D
22. In the following 'I' refers to current and other symbols
(a) V–2A2F–2 (b) V–2A2F2 have their usual meaning, Choose the option that
(c) V–4 A–2 F (d) V–4A2F corresponds to the dimensions of electrical conductivity :
[Online April 9, 2016]
hc5 (a) M–1 L–3T 3 I (b) M–1 L–3 T3 I2
15. A quantity f is given by f = where c is speed of (c) M–1L3T3 I (d) ML–3 T–3 I2
G
23. If electronic charge e, electron mass m, speed of light in
light, G universal gravitational constant and h is the Planck’s
constant. Dimension of f is that of : [9 Jan. 2019 I] vacuum c and Planck’s constant h are taken as fundamental
(a) area (b) energy quantities, the permeability of vacuum m0 can be expressed
(c) momentum (d) volume in units of : [Online April 11, 2015]
16. Expression for time in terms of G (universal gravitational æ hc ö
constant), h (Planck's constant) and c (speed of light) is æ h ö
(a) ç 2 ÷ (b) ç 2 ÷
proportional to: [9 Jan. 2019 II] è me ø è me ø

hc5 c3 æ h ö æ mc 2 ö
(a) (b) (c) ç 2 ÷ (d) çç 2 ÷÷
G Gh è ce ø è he ø
Gh Gh 24. If the capacitance of a nanocapacitor is measured in terms
(c) 5
(d)
c c3 of a unit ‘u’ made by combining the electric charge ‘e’,
17. The dimensions of stopping potential V0 in photoelectric Bohr radius ‘a0’, Planck’s constant ‘h’ and speed of light
effect in units of Planck’s constant ‘h’, speed of light ‘c’ ‘c’ then: [Online April 10, 2015]
and Gravitational constant ‘G’ and ampere A is:
e2 h hc
[8 Jan. 2019 I] (a) u = (b) u = 2
(a) hl/3G2/3cl/3 A –1 (b) h2/3c5/3G1/3A –1 a0 e a0
(c) h–2/3 e–1/3 G4/3 A–1 (d) h2G3/2C1/3 A–1
B 2 e2c e2 a 0
18. The dimensions of , where B is magnetic field and m0 (c) u = (d) u =
2m 0 ha 0 hc
is the magnetic permeability of vacuum, is: 25. From the following combinations of physical constants
[8 Jan. 2019 II] (expressed through their usual symbols) the only
(a) MLT–2 (b) ML2T–1 combination, that would have the same value in different
(c) ML2T–2 (d) ML–1T–2 systems of units, is: [Online April 12, 2014]
19. The characteristic distance at which quantum gravitational
ch
effects are significant, the Planck length, can be determined (a)
from a suitable combination of the fundamental physical 2peo2
constants G, h and c. Which of the following correctly
gives the Planck length? [Online April 15, 2018] e2
(b) (me = mass of electron)
1 2pe o Gme2
æ Gh ö2 1
(a) G2hc (b) ç 3 ÷ (c) 2 3
2 h 2 c (d) Gh c
èc ø G m o eo G
(c)
20. Time (T), velocity (C) and angular momentum (h) are c2 he 2
chosen as fundamental quantities instead of mass, length
and time. In terms of these, the dimensions of mass would 2p m o eo h
(d)
be : [Online April 8, 2017] ce2 G
Physical World, Units and Measurements P-3

26. In terms of resistance R and time T, the dimensions of ratio -1

(b) éë MLT ùû
-1 -1
m (a) éë ML T ùû
of the permeability m and permittivity e is:
e -1 -2 -2 -2
[Online April 11, 2014] (c) éë ML T ùû (d) éë ML T ùû

(a) [RT–2] (b) [R2T–1] (c) [R2] (d) [R2T2] 35. Dimensions of 1 , where symbols have their usual
mo eo
27. Let [ Î0 ] denote the dimensional formula of the permittivity
meaning, are [2003]
of vacuum. If M = mass, L = length, T = time and A =
electric current, then: [2013] (a) [L-1T] (b) [L-2 T 2 ]
(a) Î0 = [M L T A] (b) Î0 = [M L T A2]
–1 –3 2 –1 –3 4 (c) [L2 T -2 ] (d) [LT -1 ]
(c) Î0 = [M1 L2 T1 A2] (d) Î0 = [M1 L2 T1 A] 36. The physical quantities not having same dimensions are
(a) torque and work [2003]
28. If the time period t of the oscillation of a drop of liquid of
(b) momentum and planck’s constant
density d, radius r, vibrating under surface tension s is given
(c) stress and young’s modulus
by the formula t = r 2b s c d a / 2 . It is observed that the (d) speed and (m o e o ) -1 / 2
37. Identify the pair whose dimensions are equal [2002]
d
time period is directly proportional to . The value of b (a) torque and work (b) stress and energy
s (c) force and stress (d) force and work
should therefore be : [Online April 23, 2013]
3 TOPIC 3 Errors in Measurements
(a) (b) 3
4
3 2 38. A screw gauge has 50 divisions on its circular scale. The
(c) (d) circular scale is 4 units ahead of the pitch scale marking,
2 3
29. The dimensions of angular momentum, latent heat and prior to use. Upon one complete rotation of the circular
capacitance are, respectively. [Online April 22, 2013] scale, a displacement of 0.5 mm is noticed on the pitch
scale. The nature of zero error involved, and the least
(a) ML2 T1A 2 , L2 T -2 , M -1L-2 T 2 count of the screw gauge, are respectively :
(b) ML2 T -2 , L2 T 2 , M -1L-2 T 4 A 2 [Sep. 06, 2020 (I)]
(a) Negative, 2 mm (b) Positive, 10 mm
(c) ML2 T -1, L2 T -2 , ML2 TA 2
(c) Positive, 0.1 mm (d) Positive, 0.1 mm
39. The density of a solid metal sphere is determined by
(d) ML2 T -1 , L2 T -2 , M -1L-2 T 4 A 2 measuring its mass and its diameter. The maximum error in
30. Given that K = energy, V = velocity, T = time. If they are æ x ö
chosen as the fundamental units, then what is dimensional the density of the sphere is çè ÷ %. If the relative errors
100 ø
formula for surface tension? [Online May 7, 2012]
in measuring the mass and the diameter are 6.0% and 1.5%
(a) [KV–2T –2 ] (b) [K2 V2T–2 ] respectively, the value of x is ______.
(c) [K2V–2 T–2 ] (d) [KV2 T2 ] [NA Sep. 06, 2020 (I)]
31. The dimensions of magnetic field in M, L, T and C 40. A student measuring the diameter of a pencil of circular
(coulomb) is given as [2008]
cross-section with the help of a vernier scale records the
(a) [MLT–1 C–1] (b) [MT2 C–2]
following four readings 5.50 mm, 5.55 mm, 5.45 mm,
(c) [MT–1 C–1] (d) [MT–2 C–1]
5.65 mm, The average of these four reading is 5.5375 mm
32. Which of the following units denotes the dimension and the standard deviation of the data is 0.07395 mm. The
average diameter of the pencil should therefore be re-
ML2
, where Q denotes the electric charge? [2006] corded as : [Sep. 06, 2020 (II)]
Q2 (a) (5.5375 ± 0.0739) mm (b) (5.5375 ± 0.0740) mm
(a) Wb/m 2 (b) Henry (H)
(c) (5.538 ± 0.074) mm (d) (5.54 ± 0.07) mm
(c) H/m2 (d) Weber (Wb)
33. Out of the following pair, which one does NOT have 41. A physical quantity z depends on four observables a, b, c
identical dimensions ? [2005] 2
2 3
(a) Impulse and momentum a b
and d, as z = . The percentages of error in the mea-
(b) Angular momentum and planck’s constant cd 3
(c) Work and torque surement of a, b, c and d are 2%, 1.5%, 4% and 2.5% respec-
(d) Moment of inertia and moment of a force
tively. The percentage of error in z is :
34. Which one of the following represents the correct
dimensions of the coefficient of viscosity? [2004] [Sep. 05, 2020 (I)]
P-4 Physics

(a) 12.25% (b) 16.5% (a) 37cm2 (b) 37.030 cm2

(c) 13.5% (d) 14.5% (c) 37.03 cm2 (d) 37.0 cm2
42. Using screw gauge of pitch 0.1 cm and 50 divisions on its 49. In a simple pendulum experiment for determination of
circular scale, the thickness of an object is measured. It acceleration due to gravity (g), time taken for 20
should correctly be recorded as : [Sep. 03, 2020 (I)] oscillations is measured by using a watch of 1 second
(a) 2.121 cm (b) 2.124 cm least count. The mean value of time taken comes out to be
(c) 2.125 cm (d) 2.123 cm 30 s. The length of pendulum is measured by using a
43. The least count of the main scale of a vernier callipers is meter scale of least count 1 mm and the value obtained is
1 mm. Its vernier scale is divided into 10 divisions and
55.0 cm. The percentage error in the determination of g is
coincide with 9 divisions of the main scale. When jaws are
touching each other, the 7th division of vernier scale close to : [8 April 2019 II]
coincides with a division of main scale and the zero of (a) 0.7% (b) 0.2% (c) 3.5% (d) 6.8%
vernier scale is lying right side of the zero of main scale. 50. The least count of the main scale of a screw gauge is 1 mm.
When this vernier is used to measure length of a cylinder The minimum number of divisions on its circular scale
the zero of the vernier scale betwen 3.1 cm and 3.2 cm and required to measure 5 µm diameter of a wire is:
[12 Jan. 2019 I]
4th VSD coincides with a main scale division. The length
of the cylinder is : (VSD is vernier scale division) (a) 50 (b) 200 (c) 100 (d) 500
[Sep. 02, 2020 (I)] 51. The diameter and height of a cylinder are measured by
(a) 3.2 cm (b) 3.21 cm a meter scale to be 12.6 ± 0.1 cm and 34.2 ± 0.1 cm,
(c) 3.07 cm (d) 2.99 cm respectively. What will be the value of its volume in
44. If the screw on a screw-gauge is given six rotations, it moves appropriate significant figures? [10 Jan. 2019 II]
by 3 mm on the main scale. If there are 50 divisions on the 3
circular scale the least count of the screw gauge is: (a) 4264 ± 81 cm (b) 4264.4 ± 81.0 cm3
3
[9 Jan. 2020 I] (c) 4260 ± 80 cm (d) 4300 ± 80 cm3
(a) 0.001 cm (b) 0.02 mm 52. The pitch and the number of divisions, on the circular
(c) 0.01 cm (d) 0.001 mm scale for a given screw gauge are 0.5 mm and 100
45. For the four sets of three measured physical quantities as respectively. When the screw gauge is fully tightened
given below. Which of the following options is correct? without any object, the zero of its circular scale lies 3
[9 Jan. 2020 II] division below the mean line.
(A) A1 = 24.36, B1 = 0.0724, C1 = 256.2 The readings of the main scale and the circular scale, for
(B) A2 = 24.44, B2 = 16.082, C2 = 240.2 a thin sheet, are 5.5 mm and 48 respectively, the
(C) A3 = 25.2, B3 = 19.2812, C3 = 236.183 thickness of the sheet is: [9 Jan. 2019 II]
(D) A4 = 25, B4 = 236.191, C4 = 19.5 (a) 5.755 mm (b) 5.950 mm
(a) A4 + B4 + C4 < A1 + B1 + C1 < A3 + B3 + C3 < A2 + B2 + C2
(c) 5.725 mm (d) 5.740 mm
(b) A1 + B1 + C1 = A2 + B2 + C2 = A3 + B3 + C3 = A4 + B4 + C4 53. The density of a material in the shape of a cube is
(c) A4 + B4 + C4 < A1 + B1 + C1 = A2 + B2 + C2 = A3 + B3 + C3 determined by measuring three sides of the cube and its
(d) A1 + B1 + C1 < A3 + B3 + C3 < A2 + B2 + C2 < A4 + B4 + C4 mass. If the relative errors in measuring the mass and
46. A simple pendulum is being used to determine the value length are respectively 1.5% and 1%, the maximum error
of gravitational acceleration g at a certain place. The length in determining the density is: [2018]
of the pendulum is 25.0 cm and a stop watch with 1 s (a) 2.5% (b) 3.5% (c) 4.5% (d) 6%
resolution measures the time taken for 40 oscillations to 54. The percentage errors in quantities P, Q, R and S are 0.5%,
be 50 s. The accuracy in g is: [8 Jan. 2020 II] 1%, 3% and 1.5% respectively in the measurement of a
(a) 5.40% (b) 3.40% P 3Q 2
(c) 4.40% (d) 2.40% physical quantity A = .
RS
47. In the density measurement of a cube, the mass and edge
The maximum percentage error in the value of A will be
length are measured as (10.00 ± 0.10) kg and (0.10 ± 0.01)
[Online April 16, 2018]
m, respectively. The error in the measurement of density (a) 8.5% (b) 6.0%
is: [9 April 2019 I] (c) 7.5% (d) 6.5%
(a) 0.01 kg/m 3
(b) 0.10 kg/m3 55. The relative uncertainty in the period of a satellite orbiting
around the earth is 10–2. If the relative uncertainty in the
(c) 0.013 kg/m 3
(d) 0.07 kg/m3
radius of the orbit is negligible, the relative uncertainty in
48. The area of a square is 5.29 cm 2. The area of 7 such the mass of the earth is [Online April 16, 2018]
squares taking into account the significant figures is: (a) 3×10–2 (b) 10–2
[9 April 2019 II] (c) 2 × 10–2 (d) 6 × 10–2
Physical World, Units and Measurements P-5

56. The relative error in the determination of the surface area 63. Diameter of a steel ball is measured using a Vernier callipers
of a sphere is a. Then the relative error in the determination which has divisions of 0.1 cm on its main scale (MS) and
of its volume is [Online April 15, 2018] 10 divisions of its vernier scale (VS) match 9 divisions on
2 2 3 the main scale. Three such measurements for a ball are
(a) a (b) a (c) a (d) a given as: [Online April 10, 2015]
3 3 2
57. In a screw gauge, 5 complete rotations of the screw cause S.No. MS(cm) VS divisions
it to move a linear distance of 0.25 cm. There are 100 circular 1. 0.5 8
scale divisions. The thickness of a wire measured by this
2. 0.5 4
screw gauge gives a reading of 4 main scale divisions and
30 circular scale divisions. Assuming negligible zero error, 3. 0.5 6
the thickness of the wire is: [Online April 15, 2018] If the zero error is – 0.03 cm, then mean corrected diameter
(a) 0.0430 cm (b) 0.3150 cm is:
(c) 0.4300 cm (d) 0.2150 cm (a) 0.52 cm (b) 0.59 cm
58. The following observations were taken for determining (c) 0.56 cm (d) 0.53 cm
surface tensiton T of water by capillary method : 64. The current voltage relation of a diode is given by
Diameter of capilary, D = 1.25 × 10–2 m I = ( e1000V T - 1) mA, where the applied voltage V is in
rise of water, h = 1.45 × 10–2 m
Using g = 9.80 m/s2 and the simplified relation volts and the temperature T is in degree kelvin. If a student
makes an error measuring ±0.01 V while measuring the
rhg
T= ´ 10 3 N/m, the possible error in surface tension current of 5 mA at 300 K, what will be the error in the
2
is closest to : [2017] value of current in mA? [2014]
(a) 2. 4 % (b) 10 % (c) 0.15% (d) 1.5% (a) 0.2 mA (b) 0.02 mA (c) 0.5 mA (d) 0.05 mA
59. A physical quantity P is described by the relation 65. A student measured the length of a rod and wrote it as 3.50
P = a1/2 b2 c3 d –4 cm. Which instrument did he use to measure it?
If the relative errors in the measurement of a, b, c and d [2014]
respectively, are 2%, 1%, 3% and 5%, then the relative (a) A meter scale.
error in P will be : [Online April 9, 2017] (b) A vernier calliper where the 10 divisions in vernier
(a) 8% (b) 12% (c) 32% (d) 25% scale matches with 9 division in main scale and main
60. A screw gauge with a pitch of 0.5 mm and a circular scale scale has 10 divisions in 1 cm.
with 50 divisions is used to measure the thickness of a (c) A screw gauge having 100 divisions in the circular
thin sheet of Aluminium. Before starting the measurement, scale and pitch as 1 mm.
it is found that wen the two jaws of the screw gauge are (d) A screw gauge having 50 divisions in the circular scale
brought in contact, the 45th division coincides with the and pitch as 1 mm.
main scale line and the zero of the main scale is barely 66. Match List - I (Event) with List-II (Order of the time interval
visible. What is the thickness of the sheet if the main scale for happening of the event) and select the correct option
reading is 0.5 mm and the 25th division coincides with the from the options given below the lists:
main scale line? [2016] [Online April 19, 2014]
(a) 0.70 mm (b) 0.50 mm List - I List - II
(c) 0.75 mm (d) 0.80 mm
61. A student measures the time period of 100 oscillations of (1) Rotation (i) 10 5 s
a simple pendulum four times. The data set is 90 s, 91 s, 95 period of earth
s, and 92 s. If the minimum division in the measuring clock
is 1 s, then the reported mean time should be: [2016] (2) Revolution (ii) 10 7 s
(a) 92 ± 1.8 s (b) 92 ± 3s period of earth
(c) 92 ± 1.5 s (d) 92 ± 5.0 s
(3) Period of light (iii) 10 –15 s
62. The period of oscillation of a simple pendulum is
wave
L (4) Period of (iv) 10 –3 s
T = 2p . Measured value of L is 20.0 cm known to 1 mm
g sound wave
accuracy and time for 100 oscillations of the pendulum is (a) (1)-(i), (2)-(ii), (3)-(iii), (4)-(iv)
found to be 90 s using a wrist watch of 1s resolution. The
(b) (1)-(ii), (2)-(i), (3)-(iv), (4)-(iii)
accuracy in the determination of g is :
[2015] (c) (1)-(i), (2)-(ii), (3)-(iv), (4)-(iii)
(a) 1% (b) 5% (c) 2% (d) 3% (d) (1)-(ii), (2)-(i), (3)-(iii), (4)-(iv)
P-6 Physics

67. In the experiment of calibration of voltmeter, a standard cell 72. A student measured the diameter of a wire using a screw
of e.m.f. 1.1 volt is balanced against 440 cm of potential wire. gauge with the least count 0.001 cm and listed the
The potential difference across the ends of resistance is measurements. The measured value should be recorded
found to balance against 220 cm of the wire. The as [Online May 12, 2012]
corresponding reading of voltmeter is 0.5 volt. The error in (a) 5.3200 cm (b) 5.3 cm
the reading of volmeter will be: [Online April 12, 2014] (c) 5.32 cm (d) 5.320 cm
73. A screw gauge gives the following reading when used to
(a) – 0. 15 volt (b) 0.15 volt measure the diameter of a wire.
(c) 0.5 volt (d) – 0.05 volt Main scale reading : 0 mm
68. An experiment is performed to obtain the value of Circular scale reading : 52 divisions
acceleration due to gravity g by using a simple pendulum of Given that 1mm on main scale corresponds to 100 divisions
length L. In this experiment time for 100 oscillations is of the circular scale. The diameter of wire from the above
measured by using a watch of 1 second least count and the data is [2011]
value is 90.0 seconds. The length L is measured by using a (a) 0.052 cm (b) 0.026 cm
meter scale of least count 1 mm and the value is 20.0 cm. The
(c) 0.005 cm (d) 0.52 cm
error in the determination of g would be:
74. The respective number of significant figures for the
[Online April 9, 2014]
numbers 23.023, 0.0003 and 2.1 × 10–3 are [2010]
(a) 1.7% (b) 2.7% (c) 4.4% (d) 2.27%
(a) 5, 1, 2 (b) 5, 1, 5
69. Resistance of a given wire is obtained by measuring the
(c) 5, 5, 2 (d) 4, 4, 2
current flowing in it and the voltage difference applied across
it. If the percentage errors in the measurement of the current 75. In an experiment the angles are required to be measured
and the voltage difference are 3% each, then error in the using an instrument, 29 divisions of the main scale exactly
value of resistance of the wire is [2012] coincide with the 30 divisions of the vernier scale. If the
smallest division of the main scale is half- a degree
(a) 6% (b) zero (c) 1% (d) 3%
(= 0.5°), then the least count of the instrument is: [2009]
70. A spectrometer gives the following reading when used to
measure the angle of a prism. (a) half minute (b) one degree
Main scale reading : 58.5 degree (c) half degree (d) one minute
Vernier scale reading : 09 divisions 76. A body of mass m = 3.513 kg is moving along the x-axis
Given that 1 division on main scale corresponds to 0.5 with a speed of 5.00 ms–1. The magnitude of its momentum
degree. Total divisions on the Vernier scale is 30 and match is recorded as [2008]
with 29 divisions of the main scale. The angle of the prism (a) 17.6 kg ms–1 (b) 17.565 kg ms–1
from the above data is [2012] (c) 17.56 kg ms–1 (d) 17.57 kg ms–1
(a) 58.59 degree (b) 58.77 degree
(c) 58.65 degree (d) 59 degree 77. Two full turns of the circular scale of a screw gauge cover a
71. N divisions on the main scale of a vernier calliper coincide distance of 1mm on its main scale. The total number of
with (N + 1) divisions of the vernier scale. If each division of divisions on the circular scale is 50. Further, it is found that
main scale is ‘a’ units, then the least count of the instrument the screw gauge has a zero error of – 0.03 mm. While
is [Online May 19, 2012] measuring the diameter of a thin wire, a student notes the
main scale reading of 3 mm and the number of circular scale
a divisions in line with the main scale as 35. The diameter of
(a) a (b)
N the wire is [2008]
N a (a) 3.32 mm (b) 3.73 mm
(c) ´a (d)
N +1 N +1 (c) 3.67 mm (d) 3.38 mm
Physical World, Units and Measurements P-7

1. (a) Density of material in SI unit, (M1L2 )(M1L1T -2 )(L1T -2 )2

=
128kg (M1L2 T -2 )(L4 )
=
m3 M1L-2 T -2
= = M1L-1T -2 = Energy density
Density of material in new system L3
128 ( 50 g )( 20) 128 Energy
= = ( 20) = 40 units 6. (b) Solar constant =
Time Area
( 25cm ) ( 4)
3 3 64
Dimension of Energy, E = ML2T–2
2. (b) According to question
Dimension of Time = T
E y µ J x BZ Dimension of Area = L2
\ Constant of proportionality \ Dimension of Solar constant
Ey C m3 M1L2 T -2
K= = = = = M1L0 T -3 .
BZ J x J x As TL2
E I stress
[As = C (speed of light) and J = ] 7. (d) Young's modulus, Y =
B Area strain
3. (a) We know that F Dl
ÞY = = FA –1V0
A l0
1
Speed of light, c = =x
m 0 e0 8. (c) Energy, E µ AaT b Pc

E or, E = kAaT b P c ...(i)

Also, c = =y
B where k is a dimensionless constant and a, b and c are the
Time constant, t = Rc = t exponents.

l l Dimension of momentum, P = M 1L1T -1

\z = = = Speed
Rc t Dimension of area, A = L2
Thus, x, y, z will have the same dimension of speed. Dimension of time, T = T 1
dQ dT Putting these value in equation (i), we get
4. (d) From formula, = kA
dt dx
M 1L2T -2 = M c L2a + cT b - c
æ dQ ö by comparison
çè ÷
dt ø c=1
Þk=
æ dT ö 2a + c = 2
Aç ÷
è dx ø b – c = –2
c = 1, a = 1/2, b = –1
[ML2 T -3 ]
[k ] = = [MLT -3K -1 ] \ E = A1/ 2T -1 P1
[L2 ][KL-1 ]
5. (c) Dimension of Force F = M1L1T–2 m0 m 20 æ 1 ö
9. (a) = = m0 c ç = c÷
Dimension of velocity V = L1T–1 e0 e0 m 0 è m0e0 ø
Dimension of work = M1L2T–2 m0c ® MLT–2A–2 × LT–1
Dimension of length = L ML2T–3A–2
Moment of inertia = ML2 Dimensions of resistance
10. (a) X = 5YZ2
IFv 2
\x = X
WL4 ÞY µ 2 ...(i)
Z
P-8 Physics

Q Q2 [ A2T 2 ] b = 1, a + b + c = – 1, –a –2b –2c = – 2

X = Capacitance = = =
V W [ ML2T -2 ] solving above equations we get:
X = [M–1L–2T4A2] a = – 4, b = 1, c = 2
F so [Y] = [V–4FA2] = [V–4A2F]
Z =B= [Q F = ILB]
IL 15. (b) Dimension of [h] = [ML2T–1]
Z = [MT–2A–1] [C] = [LT–1]
[ M -1 L-2T 4 A2 ] [G] = [M–1L3T–2]
Y=
[ MT -2 A-1 ]2 Hence dimension of
Y = [M–3L–2T8A4] (Using (i)) é hC 5 ù é ML2T -1 ù × é L5T -5 ù
é e0 ù e 02 é e0 ù ê ú=ë û ë û
11. (d) ê m ú = m e = ê ú = e C[LT T–1]×[e0] ê G ú é M -1 L3T -2 ù
ë û ë û
ëê 0 úû 0 0 êë m 0 e 0 úû 0

= [ML2T–2] = energy
é 1 ù
êQ = Cú 16. (c) Let t µ Gx hy Cz
êë m0 e0 úû Dimensions of G = [M–1L3T–2],
q 2 h = [ML2T–1] and C = [LT–1]
Q F=
4pe 0 r 2 [T] = [M–1L3T–2]x[ML2T–1]y[LT–1]z
[M0L0T1] = [M–x+y L3x+2y+z T–2x–y–z]
[ AT ]2
Þ [e 0 ] = -2 2
= [ A2 M -1 L-3T 4 ] By comparing the powers of M, L, T both the sides
[ MLT ] ´ [ L ]
–x+ y=0 Þx=y
é e0 ù
\ ê -1 2 -1 -3 4
ú = [ LT ] ´ [ A M L T ] 3x + 2y + z = 0 Þ 5x + z = 0 ..... (i)
m
ëê 0 úû –2x – y –z = 1 Þ 3x + z = –1 ..... (ii)
= [ M -1L-2T 3 A2 ] Solving eqns. (i) and (ii),
12. (b) As we know, Gh
1 5
élù x=y= ,z=- \ tµ
êë r úû = [ T ] and [ cv] = [ AT ] C5
2 2
17. (None)
é l ù é T ù
\ê ú=ê = é A –1 ù
ë rcv û ë AT úû ë û Stopping potential (V0 ) µ h x I yG Z C r
13. (b) Force of interaction between two atoms,
Here,h = Planck’s constant = éë ML2T -1 ùû
æ -x2 ö
ç ÷ I = current = [A]
ç akT ÷
F= abeè ø
G = Gravitational constant = [M–1L3T–2]
Since exponential terms are dimensionless and c = speed of light = [LT–1]
é x2 ù V0 = potential= [ML2T–3A–1]
\ ê akT ú = M0L0T0 \ [ML2T–3A–1]=[ML2T–1]x [A]y[M–1L3T–2]z[LT–1]r
êë úû
Mx – z; L2x+3z+r; T–x–2z–r; Ay
L2 Comparing dimension of M, L, T, A, we get
Þ = M0 L0T 0 y = –1, x = 0, z = – 1 , r = 5
[a ]ML2T-2
Þ [a] = M–1T2 \ V0 µ h0 I –1G –1C 5
[F] = [a] [b] B2
MLT–2 = M–1T2[b] 18. (d) The quantity is the energy density of magnetic
2m0
Þ [b] = M2LT–4 field.
14. (d) Let [Y] = [V]a [F]b [A]c é B 2 ù Energy Force ´ displacement
Þ ê ú= =
[ML–1T–2] = [LT–1]a [MLT–2]b [LT –2]c êë 2m0 úû Volume (displacement)3
[ML–1T–2] = [MbLa+b+c T–a–2b–2c] é ML2T –2 ù –1 –2
Comparing power both side of similar terms we get, =ê 3
ú = ML T
êë L úû
Physical World, Units and Measurements P-9

19. (b) Plank length is a unit of length, lp = 1.616229 × 10–35 m

e0 = é M -1L3T 4 A 2 ù
ë û
hG
lp =
c3 G = é M -1L3T -2 ù and me = é M1L0T 0 ù
ë û ë û
20. (a) Let mass, related as M µ Tx Cy hz
e2
M1L0 T0 = (T')x (L1T–1)y (M1L2T–1)z Now,
M1L0 T0 = Mz Ly + 2z + Tx– y–z 2 pe0 Gm e2
z= 1 2
é M0 L0 T1A1 ù
y + 2z = 0 x – y– z = 0 ë û
= 2
y = –2 x+ 2–1=0 2 p é M -1L-3T 4 A 2 ù é M -1L3T -2 ù é M1L0 T 0 ù
x = –1 ë ûë ûë û
M = [T C h ]
–1 –2 1
éT 2A 2 ù
ë û
21. (d) Dimension of A ¹ dimension of (C) =
Hence A – C is not possible. 2p éM -1-1+ 2 L-3+ 3 T 4 - 2 A 2 ù
ë û
22. (b) We know that resistivity
RA éT 2 A 2 ù
ë û 1
θ< = =
l é 0 0 2 2ù
2p M L T A 2p
1 l ë û
Conductivity = resistivity < RA
1 e2
lI Q is dimensionless thus the combination
< ( Q V = RI) 2p 2 pe 0 Gm e2
VA
[L][I] W W would have the same value in different systems of units.
< QV< <
é [ML2 T,2 ù q it 26. (c) Dimensions of m = [MLT–2A–2]
ê ú ´[L2 ] Dimensions of Î = [M–1L–3T4A2]
ê [I][T] ú
êë úû Dimensions of R = [ML2T–3A–2]
< [M,1L,3T 3 ][I2 ] < [M,1L,3T3I2 ]
Dimensions of m [MLT -2 A -2 ]
23. (c) Let µ0 related with e, m, c and h as follows. \ =
Dimensions of Î [M -1L-3T 4 A 2 ]
m0 = keambcchd = [M2L4T–6A–4 ] = [R2]
[MLT–2A–2] = [AT]a [M]b [LT–1]c [ML2T–1]d 1 q1q 2
27. (b) As we know, F =
= [Mb + d Lc + 2d Ta – c – d Aa] 4 pe0 R 2
On comparing both sides we get q1q2
Þ e0 =
a = – 2 ...(i) 4pFR 2
b+ d = 1 ...(ii)
C2 [AT]2
c + 2d = 1 ...(iii) Hence, e0 = =
N.m2 [MLT -2 ][L2 ]
a – c – d = –2 ...(iv)
= [M–1 L–3 T4 A2]
By equation (i), (ii), (iii) & (iv) we get,
28. (c)
a = – 2, b = 0, c = – 1, d = 1 29. (d) Angular momentum = m × v × r = ML2 T–1
é h ù Q ML2 T -2
\ [m 0 ] = ê 2 ú Latent heat L = = = L2T–2
ë ce û m M
24. (d) Let unit ‘u’ related with e, a0, h and c as follows. Charge
Capacitance C = = M -1L-2 T 4 A 2
[u] = [e]a [a0]b [h]c [C]d P.d.
Using dimensional method, F F l T2
[M–1L–2T+4A+2] = [A1T1]a[L]b[ML2T–1]c[LT–1]d 30. (a) Surface tension, T = = . .
l l l T2
[M–1L–2T+4A+2] = [Mc Lb+2c+d Ta–c–d Aa]
T2 -2
a = 2, b = 1, c = – 1, d = – 1 (As, F.l = K (energy); =V )
l2
e 2 a0 Therefore, surface tension = [KV–2T–2]
\ u=
hc 31. (c) Magnitude of Lorentz formula F = qvB sin q
25. (b) The dimensional formulae of
F MLT -2
e = éM L T A
0 0 1 1ù B= = = [ MT -1C -1]
ë û qv C ´ LT -1
P-10 Physics

f BA æ Dr ö Dm
32. (b) Mutual inductance = = æ DD ö
\%ç ÷ = + 3ç = 6 + 3 ´ 1.5 = 10.5%
I I
è rø m è D ÷ø
[ MT -1Q -1L2 ]
[Henry] = = ML2Q -2 æ Dr ö 1050
[QT -1 ] æ x ö
%ç ÷ = %=ç %
33. (d) Moment of Inertia, I = MR2 è r ø 100 è 100 ÷ø
[I] = [ML2] \ x = 1050.00
r r r 40. (d) Average diameter, dav = 5.5375 mm
Moment of force, t = r ´ F
r Deviation of data, Dd = 0.07395 mm
t = [ L][ MLT -2 ] = [ML2T -2 ]
34. (a) According to, Stokes law, As the measured data are upto two digits after decimal,
therefore answer should be in two digits after decimal.
F
F = 6phrv Þ h = \ d = (5.54 ± 0.07) mm
6pr v
[ MLT –2 ] a 2b 2/ 3
h= –1
Þ h = [ ML-1T -1 ] 41. (d) Given : Z =
[ L][ LT ] cd 3
35. (c) As we know, the velocity of light in free space is Percentage error in Z,
given by
DZ 2 Da 2 Db 1 Dc 3Dd
1 1 = = + + +
c= \ = e 2 = Z12T 2 Z a 3 b 2 c d
mo eo m 0 e0
2 1
1 = 2´ 2+ ´ 1.5 + ´ 4 + 3 ´ 2.5 = 14.5%.
2 2 3 2
mo eo = C [m/s]
42. (a) Thickness = M.S. Reading + Circular Scale Reading
= [LT–1]2 (L.C.)
= [M0L2T–2] Pitch 0.1
36. (b) Momentum, = mv = [MLT–1] Here LC = = = 0.002 cm per
Circular scale division 50
Planck’s constant, division
2 –2 So, correct measurement is measurement of integral
E = [ ML T ] multiple of L.C.
h= = [ML2T–1]
v [T –1 ] 43. (c) L.C. of vernier callipers = 1 MSD – 1 VSD
r r
37. (a) Work W = F × s = Fs cos q æ 9ö
r r = ç1 - ÷ ´ 1 = 0.1 mm = 0.01 cm
Q A × B = AB cos q è 10 ø
= [ MLT -2 ][ L] = [ML2T -2 ] ; Here 7th division of vernier scale coincides with a division
r r r of main scale and the zero of vernier scale is lying right
Torque, t = r ´ F Þ t = rF sin q side of the zero of main scale.
r r
Q A ´ B = AB sin q Zero error = 7 × 0.1 = 0.7 mm = 0.07 cm.
= [ L ] [MLT -2 ] = [ ML2T -2 ] Length of the cylinder = measured value – zero error
38. (b) Given : No. of division on circular scale of screw gauge = 50 = (3.1 + 4 × 0.01) – 0.07 = 3.07 cm.
Pitch = 0.5 mm 44. (d) When screw on a screw-gauge is given six rotations,
Least count of screw gauge it moves by 3mm on the main scale
Pitch 3
= \ Pitch = = 0.5mm
No. of division on circular scale 6
Pitch 0.5 mm
0.5 \ Least count L.C. = =
= mm = 1 ´ 105 m = 10 mm CSD 50
50 1
And nature of zero error is positive. = mm = 0.01 mm = 0.001cm
100
39. (1050) 45. (None)
M M 6 D1 = A1 + B1 + C1 = 24.36 + 0.0724 + 256.2 = 280.6
Density, r = = Þ r = MD -3
V 4 æ Dö
3 p D2 = A2 + B2 + C2 = 24.44 + 16.082 + 240.2 = 280.7
pç ÷ D3 = A3 + B3 + C3 = 25.2 + 19.2812 + 236.183= 280.7
3 è 2ø
Physical World, Units and Measurements P-11

D4 = A4 + B4 + C4 = 25 + 236.191 + 19.5 = 281 53. (c) = 1.5 % + 3 (1%) = 4.5%

None of the option matches. 54. (d) Maximum percentage error in A
46. (c) Given, Length of simple pendulum, l = 25.0 cm = 3(% error in P) + 2(% error in Q)
Time of 40 oscillation, T = 50s 1
Time period of pendulum + (% error in R) + 1(% error in S)
2
l 1
= 3 ´ 0.5 + 2 ´ 1 + ´ 3 + 1 ´ 1.5
T = 2p 2
g
= 1.5 + 2 + 1.5 + 1.5 = 6.5%
4p 2l 4p2 l 55. (c) From Kepler's law, time period of a satellite,
Þ T2 = Þg= 2
g T r3 4p 2 3
Dg Dl 2DT T = 2p T2 = r
= + Gm GM
Þ Fractional error in g =
g l T Relative uncertainty in the mass of the earth
Dg æ 0.1 ö æ 1ö DM DT
Þ =ç ÷ + 2 ç ÷ = 0.044 =2 = 2 ´ 10-2
g è 25.0 ø è 50 ø M T
(Q 4p & G constant and
Dg Dr
\ Percentage error in g = ´ 100 = 4.4% relative uncertainty in radius negligible)
g r
47. (Bonus) d = M = M = Ml -3 Ds Dr
56. (c) Relative error in Surface area, = 2 ´ = a and
V l3 s r
Dv Dr
Dd DM Dl 0.10 æ 0.01ö relative error in volume, = 3´
= +3 = + 3ç
è 0.10 ÷ø = 0.31 kg/m ,
3 v r
d M l 10.00
\ Relative error in volume w.r.t. relative error in area,
48. (d) A = 7 × 5.29 = 37.03 cm2
The result should have three significant figures, so Dv 3
= a
A = 37.0 cm2 v 2
49. (d) We have Value of 1 part on main scale
57. (d) Least count =
l 2 l Number of parts on vernier scale
T = 2p or g = 4p 2
g T 0.25
= cm = 5 × 10–4 cm
Dg DR DT 5×100
´ 100 = ´ 100 + 2 ´ 100 Reading = 4 × 0.05 cm + 30 × 5 × 10–4 cm
g Q T
= (0.2 + 0.0150) cm = 0.2150 cm (Thickness of wire)
0.1 æ 1ö
= ´ 100 + 2 ç ÷ ´ 100 rhg
55 è 30 ø 58. (d) Surface tension, T = ´ 103
2
= 0.18 + 6.67 = 6.8% Relative error in surface tension,
50. (b) Least count of main scale of screw gauge = 1 mm
DT Dr Dh
Least count of screw gauge = + + 0 (Q g, 2 & 103 are constant)
T r h
Pitch Percentage error
=
Number of division on circular scale
DT æ 10 –2 ´ 0.01 10 –2 ´ 0.01ö
100 ´ = ç + ÷ 100
10-3 T è 1.25 ´ 10 –2 1.45 ´ 10 –2 ø
5 ´ 10 -6 =
N = (0.8 + 0.689)
Þ N = 200 = (1.489) = 1.489% @ 1.5%
51. (c) 59. (c) Given, P = a1/2 b2 c2 d–4,
52. (c) Least count of screw gauge, Maximum relative error,
Pitch DP 1 Da Db Dc Dd
= +2 +3 +4
LC = No. of division P 2 a b c d
1
= 0.5 × 10–3 = 0.5 × 10–2 mm + ve error = 3 × 0.5 × 10–2 mm = ´ 2 + 2 ´ 1 + 3 ´ 3 + 4 ´ 5 = 32%
= 1.5 × 10–2 mm = 0.015 mm 2
Reading = MSR + CSR – (+ve error) 0.5
60. (d) L.C. = = 0.01 mm
= 5.5 mm + (48 × 0.5 × 10–2) – 0.015 50
= 5.5 + 0.24 – 0.015 = 5.725 mm Zero error = 5 × 0.01 = 0.05 mm (Negative)
Reading = (0.5 + 25 × 0.01) + 0.05 = 0.80 mm
P-12 Physics

| DT1 | + | DT2 | + | DT3 | + | DT4 | 68. (b) According to the question.

61. (c) DT =
4 Dt 1
t = (90 ± 1) or, =
2 +1+ 3 + 0 t 90
= = 1.5
4
As the resolution of measuring clock is 1.5 therefore Dl 0.1
l = (20 ± 0.1) or, =
the mean time should be 92 ± 1.5 l 20
L Dg
62. (d) As, g = 4p2 %=?
T2 g
Dg DL DT As we know,
So, ´100 = ´100 + 2 ´100
g L T
t = 2p
l 4p 2l
0.1 1 Þ g= 2
= ´100 + 2 ´ ´100 = 2.72 ; 3% g t
20 90
Dg æ Dl Dt ö æ 0.1 1 ö
0.1 or, = ± ç +2 ÷ = ç + 2 ´ ÷ = 0.027
63. (b) Least count = = 0.01 cm g è l t ø è 20 90 ø
10
d1 = 0.5 + 8 × 0.01 + 0.03 = 0.61 cm Dg
d2 = 0.5 + 4 × 0.01 + 0.03 = 0.57 cm \ % = 2.7%
g
d3 = 0.5 + 6 × 0.01 + 0.03 = 0.59 cm
69. (a) According to ohm’s law, V = IR
0.61 + 0.57 + 0.59 V
Mean diameter = R=
3 I
= 0.59 cm Absolute error
64. (a) The current voltage relation of diode is \ Percentage error = ´102
Measurement
I = (e1000 V /T - 1) mA (given) DV DI
where, ´100 = ´ 100 = 3%
V I
When, I = 5mA, e1000 V /T = 6mA
DR DV DI
then, ´ 100 = ´ 102 + ´ 102
1000 R V I
Also, dI = (e1000 V /T
)´ = 3% + 3% = 6%
T
Error = ± 0.01 (By exponential function) 70. (c) Q Reading of Vernier = Main scale reading
+ Vernier scale reading × least count.
1000 Main scale reading = 58.5
= (6 mA) ´ ´ (0.01) = 0.2 mA
300 Vernier scale reading = 09 division
65. (b) Measured length of rod = 3.50 cm least count of Vernier = 0.5°/30
For Vernier Scale with 1 Main Scale Division = 1 mm 0.5°
9 Main Scale Division = 10 Vernier Scale Division, Thus, R = 58.5° + 9 ×
30
Least count = 1 MSD –1 VSD = 0.1 mm R = 58.65°
66. (a) Rotation period of earth is about 24 hrs ; 105 s 71. (d) No. of divisions on main scale = N
Revolution period of earth is about 365 days ; 107 s No. of divisions on vernier scale = N + 1
Speed of light wave C = 3 × 108 m/s size of main scale division = a
Wavelength of visible light of spectrum Let size of vernier scale division be b
l = 4000 – 7800 Å then we have
C = f l æç and T = ö÷
1 aN
è fø aN = b (N + 1) Þ b =
N +1
Therefore period of light wave is 10–15 s (approx)
aN
67. (d) In a voltmeter Least count is a – b = a –
N +1
V µl
V = kl é N +1 - N ù a
= aê ú = N +1
Now, it is given E = 1.1 volt for l1 = 440 cm ë N +1 û
and V = 0.5 volt for l2 = 220 cm 72. (d) The least count (L.C.) of a screw guage is the smallest
Let the error in reading of voltmeter be DV then, length which can be measured accurately with it.
1.1 = 400 K and (0.5 – DV) = 220 K.
1
1.1 0.5 - DV As least count is 0.001 cm = cm
Þ = 1000
440 220 Hence measured value should be recorded upto 3 decimal
\ DV = -0.05 volt places i.e., 5.320 cm
Physical World, Units and Measurements P-13

1 1
73. (a) Least count, L.C. = mm = MSD
100 30
Diameter of wire = MSR + CSR × L.C. 1
= ´ 0.5° = 1 minute.
Q 1 mm = 0.1 cm 30
1 76. (a) Momentum, p = m × v
= 0+ × 52 = 0.52 mm = 0.052 cm
100 Given, mass of a body = 3.513 kg speed of body
74. (a) Number of significant figures in 23.023 = 5 = (3.513) × (5.00) = 17.565 kg m/s
Number of significant figures in 0.0003 = 1 = 17.6 (Rounding off to get three significant figures)
Number of significant figures in 2.1 × 10–3 = 2
77. (d) Least count of screw gauge = 0.01 mm
So, the radiation belongs to X-rays part of the spectrum.
75. (d) 30 Divisions of V.S. coincide with 29 divisions of M.S. 0.5
29 Q mm
50
\ 1 V.S.D = MSD
30 Reading = [M.S.R. + C.S.R. × L.C.] – (zero error)
L.C. = 1 MSD – 1VSD
= [3 + 35 × 0.01] – (–0.03) = 3.38 mm
29
= 1 MSD - MSD
30