SWELLING POWER IN BENTONITE AIM: To determine swelling power in Bentonite. REFERENCE 1. Indian Pharmacopoeia 2018 volume I and volume I, page no 222 & 1336. 2. Indian Pharmacopoeia 2010 vol II, page no 877. REQUIREMENTS Chemicals Required: Bentonite and Sodium lauryl sulphate. Apparatus Required: Graduated measuring cylinder, glass rod. PRINCIPLE © scanned with OKEN ScannerWhen water is added to bentonite, each particle is surrounded by a layer or shell of water. This produces a particle several times larger than the original particle, swelling of mass results. Bentonite can absorb up to 5 times its weight of water and its bulk may increase by twelve to fifteen times Bentonite is insoluble in water but swells into a homogeneous mass “To find out the swelling power the sample is added in small quantities et imervals of 2 minutes to a solution of sodium lauryl sulphate in a 100m measuring cylinder. It s allowed to stand for 2 hours. The appareit volume of the sediment should be not less than 24m. The presence of the wetting agent (Sodium lauryl sulphate) promotes compatibility between the insoluble bentonite and water Procedure: 1. Dissolve 1g of sodium lauryl sulphate in toa 100ml graduated or measuring cylinder having 2 diameter of 3m. 2g of the sample bentonite and sidd it in small Jon. Allow each portion t0 (00m! of water and transfer 2. Weigh accurately quantities every 2 minutes to above S settle 3, Set aside for 2 hours © scanned with OKEN Scanner4, Find out the apparent volume of sediment at the bottom of the cylinder. Observation: The apparent volume of the sediment 24ml or more () The apparent volume of the sediment is less than 24ml Report: The sample passes the test (or) The sample does not passes the test © scanned with OKEN ScannerPRESENCE OF IODATE IN POTASSIUM IODIDE AIM: To Perform test for purity for potassium iodide by examining the presence of iodates in the sample. REFERENCE, 1, Indian Pharmacopoeia 2018 vol I, page no 891. 2. Text book of Pharmaceutical Inorganic chemistry by V.N Rajasckaran, page no. 391. REQUIREMENTS Chemicals Required: Potassium iodide, dilute H2SO4, iodide free starch solution, concentrated ammonia, standard iodate solution. Apparatus Required: Boiling tube, measuring cylinder, glass rod. PRINCIPLE @ scanned with OKEN ScannerTodate in potassium iodide is tested by adding dilute sulphuric acid add Starch solution to an aqueous solution of the sample. No blue colour should be Produced. Iodate if present reacts with potassium iodide in the presence of acid and liberates iodine which will give the blue colour with starch. 2KI + 1,80, = 2HI + K;S0, 2KIO; + H2SOq = 2HIO, + K;SO, 31, + 3H20 1. Weigh 0.5g of the sample accurately and dissolve in 10ml carbondioxide ~ free water in a boiling tube. 2. Add 0.15ml of dilute sulphuric acid form a 1ml graduated pipette and one drop of iodide-free starch solution. Observation: No blue colour is produced with in 2 minutes (or) Blue colour is produced with in 2 minutes _ © scanned with OKEN ScannerPREPARATION OF BORIC ACID AIM: To prepare and submit Boric acid from borax. REFERENCE 1. Indian Pharmacopoeia 2018 vol II, page no 1397. 2. Singh HLR., Kapoor V.K. “Practical Pharmaceutical chemistry”, Vallabh Prakashan, Ist edition, 2008, pp 23-24. 3. Chatwal G.R, “Pharmaceutical Inorganic chemistry” Himalaya publishing house, 5" edition, 2010, pp 127-128. 4. Dr. G Devala Rao, Practical Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry, Birla publication, I* edition page no 55 REQUIREMENTS, Chemicals required: Borax (Na2B407), Dilute sulphuric acid (H2S04) : Apparatus required: Beaker, Pipette, Measuring cylinder, glass rod, funnel. PRINCIPLE © scanned with OKEN ScannerBoric acid is prepared by decomposing borax (Native borates) with mineral acid like surphuric acid. Boric acid “allowed to crystallize , after filtration washed free from solublé‘and dried. ) 2NazB,O; + H,SO, + 5H;0 = Na,SO, + 4H3BO3 Procedure: Weigh about 5gm of borax into a beaker, add 25ml of water and keep for boiling. To this solution add a mixture of 2.5ml of concentrated sulphuric acid and 5ml of water. Cool and filter the precipitated boric acid and dried and the yield is notated. © scanned with OKEN ScannerPREPARATION OF POTASH ALUM AIM: To prepare and submit potash alum from aluminium sulphate and potassium sulphate. REFERENCES 1. Indian Pharmacopoeia 2018 vol I, page no 891. __-2._Singh H.R. Kapoor VK. “Practical Pharmaceutical chemistry”, .Vallabh —_....— Prakashan, Ist edition, 2008, pp 59-60 3. Chatwal G.R, “Pharmaceutical’ Inorganic chemistry” Himalaya publishing house, 5" edition, 2010, pp 223-224. REQUIREMENTS Chemical required: Potassium sulphate, Aluminium sulphate. Apparatus required: Beaker, funnel, glass rod & Measuring cylinder. PRINCIPLE © scanned with OKEN ScannerIt is prepared by adding a concentrated solution of potassium sulphate to a hot solution of aluminium sulphate. _ Al2($04)3 + K2S04 + 24 H20 — 2K2S04.A12(SO4)3. 24H20 PROCEDURE Take 6.3 g of potassium sulphate (K2SO4) and dissolved in 10 mL of dissolved water & 2.5 g of Aluminium sulphate Al2(SO04)3, is dissolved in water separately. Heat both the solution and mix slowly with continous stirring. It is cooled in ice bath for half an hour. Crystals of potash alum separates out, generally crystals are octahedral in shape. Filter the solution and dry alum. © scanned with OKEN Scanner