Class XI Session 2023-24

Subject - Chemistry
Sample Question Paper - 9

Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions:

1. There are 33 questions in this question paper with internal choice.

2. SECTION A consists of 16 multiple-choice questions carrying 1 mark each.

3. SECTION B consists of 5 very short answer questions carrying 2 marks each.

4. SECTION C consists of 7 short answer questions carrying 3 marks each.

5. SECTION D consists of 2 case-based questions carrying 4 marks each.

6. SECTION E consists of 3 long answer questions carrying 5 marks each.

7. All questions are compulsory.

8. The use of log tables and calculators is not allowed

Section A
1. In a homogeneous mixture, [1]

a) the components do not mix with each other b) the components completely mix with each
and its composition is uniform throughout. other and its composition is uniform
throughout.

c) the components completely mix with each d) the components do not mix with each other
other and its composition is not uniform and its composition is not uniform
throughout. throughout.
2. de-Broglie equation is [1]

a) λ = hv

m
b) λ = mv

c) λ = hmv d) λ = h

mv

3. The bond dissociation energies of H2, Cl2 and HCl are 104, 58 and 103 kcal mol-1 respectively. The enthalpy of [1]

formation of HCl would be

a) +22 kcal mol-1 b) -44 kcal mol-1

c) +44 kcal mol-1 d) -22 kcal mol-1

4. In an atom, an electron is moving with a speed of 600m/s with an accuracy of 0.005%. Certainty with which the [1]
position of the electron can be located is (h = 6.6 × 10-34 Js)?

a) 3.84 × 10-3m b) 5.10 × 10-3m

c) 1.52 × 10-4m d) 1.92 × 10-3m

Page 1 of 13
 5. Select the incorrect expression from the following. [1]

a) ΔS total < 0 (spontaneous process) b) ΔG = ΔH - T ΔS

c) ΔS total = ΔS system + ΔS surr d) ΔSsurr =

ΔHsu rr
=-
ΔHsys

T T

[1]
charge
6. Values of m
e
[
mass
] in the categories alpha particle(α) , electron (e) and protons (p) increase in the order:

a) p < e < α b) α < p < e

c) e < α < p d) α < e < p

7. On the basis of standard electrode potential values, suggest which of the following reactions would take place? [1]
(Consult the book for E ⊖
value).

a) Mg + Fe2+ → Mg2+ + Fe b) Fe + Cd2+ → Cd + Fe2+

c) Cu + Zn2+ → Cu2+ + Zn d) Br + 2Cl- → Cl + 2Br-

2 2

8. For estimation of which element Kjeldahl method is used? [1]

a) Nitrogen b) Halogen

c) Sulphur d) Oxygen
9. A dibromo derivative of an alkane reacts with sodium metal to form an alicyclic hydrocarbon. [1]
The derivative is ______.

a) 1, 4-dibromobutane b) 1, 1-dibromopropane

c) 2, 2-dibromobutane d) dibromoethane
10. According to the recommendation of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), the [1]
groups in the modern periodic table are numbered from:

a) 1 to 18 b) 1 to 10

c) 1 to 12 d) 1 to 8
11. The molar specific heat capacity of a substance is the quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature of one [1]

a) kilogram by one degree Fahrenheit. b) mole by one degree celsius or one kelvin.

c) mole by one degree Fahrenheit. d) gram by one degree celsius.

12. When two hydrogen atoms in benzene are replaced by two similar or different monovalent atoms or groups, how [1]
many different position isomers are possible?

a) 6 b) 5

c) 2 d) 3
13. Assertion (A): Sulphur present in an organic compound can be estimated quantitatively by Carius method. [1]
Reason (R): Sulphur can be separated easily from other atoms in the molecule, by lassiagn’s test, but the yellow
precipitate cannot be obtained.

a) A is correct and R is not correct. b) Both A and R are correct and R is the
correct explanation of A.

c) Both A and R are correct but R is not the d) A is not correct but R is correct.
correct explanation of A.

Page 2 of 13
14. Assertion (A): Trans-2-butene on reaction with Br2 gives a meso-2,3-dibromobutane. [1]
Reason (R): The reaction involves the syn-addition of bromine.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

15. Assertion (A): Splitting of the spectral lines in the presence of a magnetic field is known as the Stark effect. [1]
Reason (R): The line spectrum is simplest for the hydrogen atoms.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

16. Assertion (A): 22-carat gold is a compound. [1]
Reason (R): A compound has fixed composition of the elements present in it.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

Section B
17. For the equilibrium, [2]
2NOCl(g) ⇌ 2NO(g) + Cl2(g)

the value of the equilibrium constant, Kc is 3.75 × 10–6 at 1069 K. Calculate the Kp for the reaction at this
temperature?
18. Why are elements at the extreme left and extreme right the most reactive? [2]
19. What does the following prefixes stand for – [2]
a. pico
b. nano
c. centi
d. deci
20. What do you understated by Resonance energy? [2]
OR
How would you convert cyclohexane to benzene?

21. Write the electronic configuration of 9F19, 16S32 and 18Ar38 and then point out the element with [2]

i. maximum nuclear charge.

ii. minimum number of neutrons.
iii. maximum number of unpaired electrons.
Section C
22. Discuss the concept of hybridisation. What are the different types of hybridization that carbon can exhibit? [3]
23. Answer: [3]
(i) The fact that the enthalpy is a state function forms the basis of a very useful law. Name the law. [1]
(ii) If the combustion of 1 g of graphite produces 20.7 kJ of heat, what will be molar enthalpy change? [1]
Give the significance of the sign also.

Page 3 of 13
 (iii) Consider the same expansion, but this time against a constant external pressure of 1 atm. [1]
24. Give the relationship between ΔU and ΔH for gases. [3]
25. Justify giving reactions that among halogens, fluorine is the best oxidant and among hydrohalic compounds, [3]
hydroiodic acid is the best reductant.
26. According to de Broglie, matter should exhibit dual behaviour, that is both particle and wave like properties. [3]
However, a cricket ball of mass 100 g does not move like a wave when it is thrown by a bowler at a speed of 100
km/h. Calculate the wavelength of the ball and explain why it does not show wave nature.
27. Give the electronic configuration of the transition elements. Write their four important characteristics. [3]
28. Commercially available concentrated hydrochloric acid(HCl) contains 38% HCI by mass. [3]

i. What is the molarity (M) of the solution (density of solution = 1.19 g mL-1)
ii. What volume required of concentrated HCI is required to make 1.0 L of an 0.10M HCI?
Section D
29. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
Once an organic compound is extracted from a natural source or synthesised in the laboratory, it is essential to
purify it. Various methods used for the purification of organic compounds are based on the nature of the
compound and the impurity present in it. Finally, the purity of a compound is ascertained by determining its
melting or boiling point. This is one of the most commonly used techniques for the purification of solid organic
compounds. In crystallisation Impurities, which impart colour to the solution are removed by adsorbing over
activated charcoal. In distillation Liquids having different boiling points vaporise at different temperatures. The
vapours are cooled and the liquids so formed are collected separately. Steam Distillation is applied to separate
substances which are steam volatile and are immiscible with water. Distillation under reduced pressure: This
method is used to purify liquids having very high boiling points.
(i) Which method can be used to separate two compounds with different solubilities in a solvent?​​
OR
Why chloroform and aniline are easily separated by the technique of distillation?
(ii) Distillation method is used to separate which type of substance?
(iii) Which technique is used to separate aniline from aniline water mixture?​​
30. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
The ionic character of metallic halides tends toward covalent nature as per Fajan's rule. Such covalent halides
behave as non-metal in their higher oxidation states. The property to hydrolyse to give oxy-acids of the element
and corresponding hydro halogen acid for most non-metallic elements proceeds exceptionally in the way,
keeping oxidation number of element and halide sam in oxo-acids.
Non-polar halides are immiscible in water, as they do not show hydrolysis, but halides of some elements with
empty d-orbital undergo hydrolysis. Stability of halides of the higher state is governed by the inert-pair effect.
(i) How does halide undergo hydrolysis to give oxy-acids of underlined element PCl3?
(ii) Out of NCl3 and BCl3 undergoes hydrolysis to form oxy-acids? Write the chemical reaction for the correct

answer.
(iii) Out of PbCl4, PbF4, PbI4 and PbBr4 which one doesn't exist?
OR
Non-Polar halides are immiscible in water. Why?
Section E
31. Attempt any five of the following: [5]

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 (i) Why are Alkenes called olefins? [1]
(ii) Convert 1-bromopropane to 2-bromopropane. [1]
(iii) If Qc < Kc, when we continuously remove the product, what would be the direction of the reaction? [1]
(iv) Convert methane into ethane. [1]
(v) What are cycloalkanes? [1]
(vi) Write IUPAC name of following: [1]

(vii) How will you convert ethanoic acid into ethene? [1]
32. At 1127 K and 1 atmosphere pressure, a gaseous mixture of CO and CO2 in equilibrium with solid carbon has [5]
90.55% CO by mass.
C (s) + C O2 (g) ⇌ 2C O(g)

Calculate Kc for the reaction at the above temperature.

OR
A sparingly soluble salt gets precipitated only when the product of the concentration of its ions in the solution (Qsp)

becomes greater than its solubility product. If the solubility of BaSO4 in water is 8 × 10-4 mol dm-3, calculate its

solubility in 0.01 mol dm-3 of H2SO4.

33. Answer: [5]

(i) i. For each of the following compounds, write a condensed formula and also their bond-line [2.5]
formula.
a. HOCH2CH2CH2CH(CH3)CH(CH3)CH3

b.

ii. How does [2.5]

i. an electron withdrawing group (EWG) and
ii. an electron donating group (EDG) influence the acid strength of carboxylic end?

OR
i. Give condensed and bond line structural formulas and identify the functional groups present, [2.5]
if any, for:
a. 2, 2, 4-Trimethylpentane
b. 2-Hydroxy-1, 2, 3-propanetricarboxylic acid
c. Hexanedial?
ii. Give three points of differences between inductive effect and resonance effect. [2.5]

Page 5 of 13
 Solution
Section A

1.
(b) the components completely mix with each other and its composition is uniform throughout.
Explanation: Its a basic criteria of a homogeneous mixture.
i. The components get mixed up uniformly throughout the mixture.
ii. Its individual parts are not easily identifiable.
iii. It has same proportions of its components through out the sample.

2.
(d) λ = h

mv

Explanation: Louis de-Broglie proposed that matter, like light , has a dual character.It exhibits wave as well as particle
nature. The wavelength of the wave associated with a particle of mass m moving with velocity v is given by
λ =
h

mv

3.
(d) -22 kcal mol-1
Explanation: -22 kcal mol-1
4.
(d) 1.92 × 10-3m
Explanation: Velocity = 600m/s
Accuracy = 0.005%
so,uncertainty in the velocity = 600×5

1000
=
3000

1000
= 3 m/s
Δx =?
Using the Heisenberg uncertainty equation, we have
h
Δx × Δp =
hπ

= 1.92 × 10-3m
−34
h 6.634×10
⇒ Δx =
4πmΔv
= −31
4×3.14×9.1× 10 ×3

5. (a) ΔS < 0 (spontaneous process)

total

Explanation: For spontaneous process, ΔS >0 total

T ΔS system- ΔH > 0 - (ΔH

system - T ΔS system system)>0
6.
(b) α < p < e

Explanation: α -particle (He2+) has a very high mass compared to proton and electron, therefore a very small e

m
ratio. Proton
e
and electron have the same charge (magnitude) but former is heavier, hence has a smaller value of m
.

7. (a) Mg + Fe2+ → Mg2+ + Fe

Explanation: On the basis of standard reduction potential suggested in the reactivity, this series reaction can take place as Mg
has a more negative value of the cell. Thus, Mg will be oxidized by losing an electron, and iron will be reduced by gaining an
electron.
8. (a) Nitrogen
Explanation: Nitrogen
9. (a) 1, 4-dibromobutane
Explanation: 1,4 - dibromobutane ( ie. a dibromo derivative of an alkane, butane) when reacted within(N a − metal)

Page 6 of 13
 ethereal solution produces alicyclic hydrocarbon, Cyclobutane as per the following reaction.

Therefore, the dibromo-derivative of an alkane is identified as 1, 4-dibromobutane.

10. (a) 1 to 18
Explanation: The groups are numbered from 1 to 18; where group 1 is alkali metal group and group 18 is for the noble gases.
11.
(b) mole by one degree celsius or one kelvin.
Explanation: Molar specific heat capacity can be defined as the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1
mole of a substance by 1o C.
12.
(d) 3
Explanation: The three isomers will be ortho(i.e.1,2- or 1,4-disubstituted), meta(i.e.1,3- or 1,5-disubstituted) and para (1,4-
disubstituted).
13.
(d) A is not correct but R is correct.
Explanation: We know that the Carius method is used to estimate the halogen quantity, hence assertion is found to be wrong.
Now reason, Sulphur can be separated easily from other atoms in the molecule, by lassiagn’s test, but the yellow precipitate
cannot be obtained.

14.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: With trans-2-butene, the product of Br2 addition is optically inactive due to the formation of symmetric meso
compounds.

15.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation: Splitting of the spectral lines in the presence of a magnetic field is known as the Zeeman effect and in an electric
field is known as the Stark effect. The splitting of spectral lines is due to different orientations which the orbitals can have in
the presence of the magnetic field.
16.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation: A is false but R is true.
Section B
17. We know that,
Kp = Kc (RT)Δ n
For the above reaction,
Δn = (2 + 1) – 2 = 1

Kp = 3.75 × 10–6 (0.0831 × 1069)

Kp = 0.033
18. Elements at the extreme left and extreme right of periodic table are most reactive. It is due to following reasons:
1. Alkali metals are present at extreme left end of periodic table. Due to greatest atomic size of alkali metals, their ionisation
enthalpy is low. These metals can easily lose electrons to form cations. Hence, these metals are very reactive in nature.

Page 7 of 13
 2. On the other hand, Halogens (group 17th) are present on extreme right side of periodic table (Noble gases, group 18th, are
stable). Due to smallest atomic size of halogens, their electron gain enthalpy is very high. Therefore, these elements can form
anions easily by gaining the electrons. So, These elements are also reactive.

19. S.No. Prefix Value

1. Pico 10-12
2. nano 10-9

3. centi 10-2
4. deci 10-1
20. Resonance energy: The difference between the energy of the most stable contributing structure and the energy of the resonance
hybrid is known as resonance energy.
Example: The resonance energy of benzene is 147KJ/mole.
OR
Cyclohexane when treated with iron or quartz in a red hot tube undergoes oxidation to formBenzene:

21. 9F19 = 1s 2 2 2
2s 2px 2py 2pz ,
2 1

32
16S = 1s ,
2 2 6 2 2 1 1
2s 2p 3s 3px 3py 3pz

38 = 1s22s2 2p6 3s2 3p6

18Ar

i. Maximum nuclear charge = 18 in 18Ar38.

ii. Minimum number of neutrons = 10 in 9F19.

iii. Maximum number of unpaired electrons = 2 in 16S32.

Section C
22. Hybridization: This concept was put forward by Pauling. He suggested that the atomic orbitals mix together to generate a new set
of equivalent orbitals, called as hybrid orbitals or hybridized orbitals.
Types of hybridization in the carbon atom
a. Diagonal or sp-hybridization- Carbons involved in forming C ≡ C (triple bond) like in ethyne (C2H2) exhibit sp-
hybridization.
b. Trigonal or sp2-hybridization- Carbons involved in forming C = C (double bond) like in ethene (C2H4) exhibit sp​2
hybridization.
c. Tetrahedral or sp3 -hybridization- Carbons involved in forming single bonds only like in ethane (C2H6 ) exhibit sp 3
hybridization.
23. Answer:
(i) The name of the law is Hess's law of heat summation.
(ii) According to the question, the combustion of 1 g of graphite produces 20.7 kJ of heat.
The molar enthalpy change for the combustion of graphite, ΔH = enthalpy of combustion of 1 g graphite × molar mass
Δ H = - 20.7 kJ g-1 × 12 g mol -1
= - 2.48 × 102 kJ mol-1
Here, a negative sign indicates that the reaction is exothermic.
(iii)We have q = -w = pex (8) = 8 litre-atm
24. Let VA be the total volume of gaseous reactants,
VB be the total volume of gaseous product.
Let nA be the number of moles of the reactant,
nB be the number of moles of the product,

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 At constant pressure and temperature,
pVA = nA RT ,

pVB = nB RT

⇒ pVB - pVA = (nB - nA) RT

⇒ p ΔV = (Δn) g RT

Here, (Δn) = n
g B − nA is equal to the difference between the number of moles of gaseous products and gaseous reactants.
We know that,
ΔH = ΔU + (Δn)g RT

Now, ΔH = qp(heat change under constant pressure),

Δ U = qv(heat change under constant volume).
Therefore, q p = qv + (Δn)g RT

25. i. Halogens have a strong tendency to accept electrons. Therefore, they are strong oxidizing agents. Their relative oxidizing
power is however, measured in terms of their electrode potentials.
Since the electrode potentials of halogens decrease in the order :
F2 < (2.87V) > Cl2(+1.36V) > Br2(+1.09V) > I2(+0.54V),
Therefore, their oxidizing power decreases in the same order.
This is evident from the observation that

a. F2 oxidizes Cl- to Cl2, Br- to Br2, I- to I2

b. Cl2 oxidizes Br- to Br2 and I- to I2 but not F- to F2.

c. Br2, however oxidizes I- to I2. But Br2 fails to oxidise F- to F2 and Cl- to Cl2
The related above reactions are,
F2(g) + 2Cl-(aq) → 2F-(aq) + Cl2(g); F2(g) + 2Br-(aq) → 2F-(aq) + Br2(l)

F2(g) + 2I-(aq) → 2F-(aq) + I2(s); Cl2(g) + 2Br-(aq) → 2Cl-(aq) + Br2(l)

Cl2(g) + 2I-(aq) → 2Cl-(aq) + I2(s) and Br2(l) + 2I- → 2Br-(aq) + I2(s)

Thus, F2 is the best oxidant.

ii. Conversely, halide ions have a tendency to lose electrons and hence can act as reducing agents. Since the electrode potentials
of halide ions decrease in the following order,
I-(-0.54 V) > Br-(-1.09V) > CI-(-1.36V) > F- (-2.87 V),
Therefore, the reducing power of the halide ions or their corresponding hydrohalic acids decreases in the same order: HI >
HBr > HCl > HF.
Thus, hydroiodic acid is the best reductant. This is supported by the following reactions.
For example,
HI and HBr reduces H2SO4 to SO2 while HCI and HF do not.
2HBr + H2SO4 → Br2 + SO2 + 2H2O; 2HI + H2SO4 → I2 + SO2 + 2H2O

Further I- reduces Cu2+ to Cu+ but Br- does not.

2Cu2+ (aq) + 4I-(aq) → Cu2I2(s) + I2(aq);

Cu2+(aq) + 2Br- → No reaction

So, HI is a stronger reductant than HBr.
Further, among HCl and HF, HCl is a stronger reducing agent than HF because HCl reduces MnO2 to Mn2+ but HF does not.
MnO2(s) + 4HCl(aq) → MnCl2(aq) + Cl2(g) + 2H2O
MnO2(s) + 4HF(l) No reaction
Thus, the reducing character of hydrohalic acids decreases in the order: HI > HBr > HCl > HF.
26. Given, m = 100 g = 0.1 kg.
ms-1.
100×1000 10000
Velocity, v = 100 km/hr = 60×60
=
36

; Where h = 6.626×10–34 Js.

h
According to be Broglie, Wavelength λ = mv

Page 9 of 13
 Now, Put the values in above equation, we get
−34
6.626× 10 Js −36
λ = = 6.626 × 10 × 36 m
1000
0.1kg× m s−1
36

−36
λ = 238.5 × 10 m

Since the wavelength is too small to be detected, so, it does not show wave nature.
27. General electronic configuration of Transition elements:
The d-block elements are known as transition elements with general outer electronic configuration as (n-1)d1-10 ns0-2.

Characteristics of d-block elements:

(i) They show variable oxidation states.
(ii) Their compounds are generally paramagnetic in nature.
(iii) Most of the transition elements form coloured compounds
(iv) They are all metals with high melting and boiling points.
28. i. Let assume the total mass of the solution is 100g.
38 % HCI by mass means 38 g of HCI is present in 100 g of solution.
The volume of solution (V) = = = 84.03mL (Density of solution = 1.19 g/mL)
mass

density 1.19
100

Number of moles of HCl (nB) = 38

36.5
= 1.04
nB ×1000
Molarity = = 1.04×1000

84.03 mL
= 12.38 M
V ( in mL)

M1 V1 = M2 V2
ii. From the molarity equation,
acid 1 acid 2

12.38M × V1 = 0.10M × 1.0L

0.1×1.0 3
∴ V1 = = 0.00808L = 8.08cm
12.38

Section D
29. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
Once an organic compound is extracted from a natural source or synthesised in the laboratory, it is essential to purify it. Various
methods used for the purification of organic compounds are based on the nature of the compound and the impurity present in it.
Finally, the purity of a compound is ascertained by determining its melting or boiling point. This is one of the most commonly
used techniques for the purification of solid organic compounds. In crystallisation Impurities, which impart colour to the solution
are removed by adsorbing over activated charcoal. In distillation Liquids having different boiling points vaporise at different
temperatures. The vapours are cooled and the liquids so formed are collected separately. Steam Distillation is applied to separate
substances which are steam volatile and are immiscible with water. Distillation under reduced pressure: This method is used to
purify liquids having very high boiling points.
(i) Fractional crystallizationis used to separate two compounds with different solubilities in a solvent.
OR
Chloroform and aniline are easily separated by the technique of distillation because chloroform and aniline have
sufficient difference in their boiling points.
(ii) volatile liquids from nonvolatile impurities.
the liquids having sufficient difference in their boiling points.
(iii)Aniline is separated from aniline water mixture by steam distillation as one of the substances in the mixture is water and
the other, a water insoluble substance.
30. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
The ionic character of metallic halides tends toward covalent nature as per Fajan's rule. Such covalent halides behave as non-metal
in their higher oxidation states. The property to hydrolyse to give oxy-acids of the element and corresponding hydro halogen acid
for most non-metallic elements proceeds exceptionally in the way, keeping oxidation number of element and halide sam in oxo-
acids.
Non-polar halides are immiscible in water, as they do not show hydrolysis, but halides of some elements with empty d-orbital
undergo hydrolysis. Stability of halides of the higher state is governed by the inert-pair effect.
(i) PCl3 + 3H2O → H3PO3 + 3HCl
(ii) BCl3 undergoes hydrolysis to form oxy-acids. The chemical reaction is as follows:
BCl3 + 3H2O → H3BO3 + 3HCl
(iii)PBI doesn't exist because Pb4+ is strong oxidant, where as I- is strong reductant.
4

Page 10 of 13
 OR
The non-polar halides are immiscible in water because it doesn't show hydrolysis but halides of some element with
empty d-orbital undergo hydrolysis.
Section E
31. Attempt any five of the following:
(i) Alkenes are commonly known as olefins because the lower members form oily products on treatment with chlorine or
bromine.
(ii) We can convert 1-Bromopropne into 2-Bromopropane in two steps. In the first step, the dehydrohalogenation of 1-bromo
propane with alcoholic KOH gives propene which on reacting with HBr gives 2-bromo propane due to Markovnikov's
rule for addition.

(iii)Continuous removal of a product maintains Qc at a value less than Kc and reaction continues to move in the forward
direction.
(iv)Conversion of methane into ethane:
Step 1:

Step 2:

(v) Cycloalkanes: When carbon atoms form a closed chain or ring structures, they are known as cycloalkanes.
Example: Cyclohexane

(vi)

(vii)

32. Calculation of Kp for the reaction

Let the total mass of the gaseous mixture = (100 - 90.55) = 9.45 g
90.55g
No. of moles of CO = −1
= 3.24mol
(28gmo l )

90.55g
No. of moles of C O 2 =
−1
= 0.215 mol
(44g mo l )

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 (3.234mol) (3.234 mol)
pCO in the mixture = (3.234+0.215)
× 1 atm =
(3.449 mol)
× 1 atm = 0.938 atm

(0.215 mol)
pCO2 in the mixture = (3.449 mol)
× 1 atm = 0.062 atm

C (s) + C O2 (g) ⇌ 2C O(g)

Equi. Pressure 0.062 atm 0.938 atm

2 2
p CO (0.938 atm)
Kp = = = 14.19 atm
pCO2 (0.062 atm)

Step II. Calculation of Kc for the reaction.

Kp
Kc =
Δng
(RT )

Kp = 1.419 atm, R = 0.0821 L atm K-1 mol-1, T = 1127 K, △ng =2-1=1

(14.19 atm)
−1
Kc = = 0.153mol L
−1 −1 1
(0.0821L atm K mo l )× (1127K)

OR

Given solubility of BaSO4 is 8 × 10-4 mol dm-3.

Therefore, for BaSO4 in water, Ksp = [Ba 2+
] [ SO
2−

4
] = (S)(S) = S
2

2
∴ Ksp = (8 × 10
−4
...(1)
) = 64 × 10
−8

The expression for solubility product ( K'sp) in the presence of sulphuric acid will be as follows:
K'sp= ( S ) ( S + 0.01 ) .............(2)
Since the value of Ksp will not change in the presence of sulphuric acid.
Therefore, from (1) and (2), we have,
(S) (S + 0.01 ) = 64 × 10- 8
S2 + 0.01 S = 64 × 10-8
S2 + 0.01 S - 64 × 10-8 = 0
2 −8
−0.01± √(0.01) +(4×64× 10 )

⇒ S =
2

−4 −8
−0.01± √10 +(256× 10 )

⇒
2
−4
−0.01± √1.0256×10
⇒
2
−2
−0.01±1.0127×10
⇒
2
−2 −2
−0.01−1.0127×10 −0.01 +1.0127 ×10
⇒ ,
2 2

⇒ -1.006 × 10-2,6.35 × 10-5

Concentration can never be negative. Hence required concentration is 6.35 × 10-5 mol dm-3
33. Answer:
(i) i. Condensed formula of the compound:
a. HO(CH2)3CH(CH3)CH(CH3)2
b. HOCH(CN),
Bond-line formula of the compound:

a.

b.

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ii. The influence of the inductive effect on acidity is best understood in terms of the conjugate base, RCOO- and can be
summarised as follows

i.

Electron withdrawing group destabilises RCOO- because there exists a repulsion between electrons from EDG
and negative charge of O. Hence, EDG weakens the acid.

ii.

Electron withdrawing group stabilities RCOO- by taking negative charge from O. Hence, EWG strengthens the
acid.
OR

i.

ii. S.No. Inductive effect Resonance effect

It involves displacement of σ electrons in saturated It involves displacement of π electrons or lone pair of

1.
compounds. electrons in unsaturated and conjugated compounds.

Inductive effect can move only upto 3 to 4 In this case, movement of electrons all along the
2.
carbons. length of conjugated system takes place.

In inductive effect, there is slight displacement of In this effect, there is complete transfer of π electrons
3.
σ electrons and partial +ve or-ve charge develops. and as a result, complete +ve or -ve charge develops.

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