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Electro Phalo: Ence Graphy (EEG)

EEG is a medical test that detects abnormalities in brain waves. It involves placing electrodes on the scalp to detect tiny electrical charges from the brain during activity. EEG is used to evaluate several types of brain disorders like seizures and Alzheimer's. The brain is divided into lobes and each lobe has a different function. EEG devices capture brain waves through electrodes and show them as graphs. Standard electrode placements follow the 10-20 configuration across different areas of the brain. EEG waves are categorized by their frequency and are associated with different mental states.

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88 views

Electro Phalo: Ence Graphy (EEG)

EEG is a medical test that detects abnormalities in brain waves. It involves placing electrodes on the scalp to detect tiny electrical charges from the brain during activity. EEG is used to evaluate several types of brain disorders like seizures and Alzheimer's. The brain is divided into lobes and each lobe has a different function. EEG devices capture brain waves through electrodes and show them as graphs. Standard electrode placements follow the 10-20 configuration across different areas of the brain. EEG waves are categorized by their frequency and are associated with different mental states.

Uploaded by

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Electroencephalography (EEG)

Dr. Amit M. Joshi


Assistant Professor
Department of Electronics &
Communication
ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM (EEG)

❏ EEG is a medical test that detects abnormalities


in brain waves, or in the electrical activity of
our brain.
❏ EEG is used to evaluate several types of brain
disorders, such as, seizures, autisum,
depression, Alzheimer, sleep disorders, etc.
❏ An EEG file consists of raw signals, which are
the digitized version of the electrical potential
between the electrode and the reference point.
❏ EEG signal frequency range is 0.1 Hz to 100 Hz
CAPTURING OF BRAIN WAVES THROUGH EEG

❏ Electrodes, consisting of small metal discs with


thin wire are posted on the scalp.
❏ The electrical activity of brain ranges typically
from 10 to 150 micro Volt.
❏ Tiny detected electrical charges from the brain
during various activity is amplified and shown
as a graph on the computer screen.
❏ Brain is divided into two hemisphere: Left &
Right Hemisphere
❏ Each hemisphere has four lobes: Frontal,
Temporal, Parietal and Occipital lobes
Lobes of Human Brain

Frontal Lobe:
● Frontal lobe is the largest lobe which is located at the forehead.
● It is also concerned with planning, organizing, problem-solving, memory,
impulse control, decision making, selective attention, controlling behaviour &
emotion.

Temporal lobe
● located on the sides of the brain under the parietal and behind the frontal lobe
● Responsible for sound, speech and memory
● It create hearing and sensory part like touching, smelling
Lobes of Human Brain

Occipital Lobe:
● is paced the lower back of the head
● responsible for perceptual and visual information

Temporal lobe
● located which integrates sensory information from different body part
● to understand the things, capturing the data
EEG Device

● Comprises of electrodes, conductive gel, amplifiers, and ADC


● Electrodes are placed at brain scalp with conducting gel (Ag-Cl)
● Multi channel device with a wearable cap
PHYSICAL PLACEMENT OF ELECTRODES
Physical Placement of electrodes
includes,
❏ Number of channels to be collected
❏ Location of electrodes on scalp
❏ Reference Electrode
Each electrode is evenly distributed on the
scalp.
Most Commonly used electrode
configuration is 10/20 configuration.
Total no.channels- 20 to 21
CHANNEL LABELS
The nomenclature of electrodes in generally based on their physical
placement on one’s scalp.
❏ Fp - Prefrontal
❏ F - Frontal
❏ T - Temporal
❏ C - Central
❏ P - Parietal
❏ O - Occipital
❏ A - Mastoid Process (bone near the outer ear)
Even-numbered electrodes are located in the right hemisphere
of the brain while odd-numbered in the left hemisphere.

Positioning of electrodes is referred to as montages as


Referential and bipolar electrodes
TYPES OF EEG WAVES
❏ Gamma wave: 3Hz to
100Hz
❏ Beta wave: 13Hz to 30Hz
❏ Alpha wave: 8Hz to 13Hz
❏ Theta wave: 4Hz to 7Hz
❏ Delta wave : <3.5Hz

Theta and Delta waves are


often regarded as slow waves.
EEG Wave Types

Delta Wave
• Highest in amplitude and slowest wave
• Sleep and dreaming

Theta Wave
• Records subconscious activities
• observed during deep relaxation and meditation
EEG Wave Types
Alpha Wave
• Occurs both sides of the brain with closed eyes
• Awake but relaxed with closed eyes
• Mental disorder detection

Beta Wave
• Related to behaviour and actions
• Busy and active state of mind (talking, running)

Gamma Wave
• perception and consciousness
• Hyper alternateness
Brain wave frequency and characteristics
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER
❏ Depression is a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and
loss of interest. It also goes by the name of Major Depressive Disorder.
❏ It is characterized by lack of motivation, difficult to experience pleasure,
impacting on daily lives activities and in extreme cases, leads to suicide.
❏ According to WHO, almost 5% of adults and 5.7% of adults over 60 years
suffer from depression. Women are more prone to depression than men.
❏ Approximately 280 million people in the world have depression.
❏ Despite of advanced medication and treatment, 75% of people from low and
middle class household receive no treatment.
THANK YOU

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