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Reformation 100912213211 Phpapp01

Christian humanism during the Reformation emphasized early church writings and reforming the Catholic Church from within. Erasmus was a leading Christian humanist who translated the Bible and called for reform in his writings. Martin Luther further called for reform by posting his 95 Theses criticizing Church practices like indulgences, leading to his excommunication and the start of the Protestant Reformation across Europe in different forms like Lutheranism, Calvinism, and in England under Henry VIII. The Catholic Church also reformed in response through organizations like the Jesuits and the Council of Trent.

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45 views17 pages

Reformation 100912213211 Phpapp01

Christian humanism during the Reformation emphasized early church writings and reforming the Catholic Church from within. Erasmus was a leading Christian humanist who translated the Bible and called for reform in his writings. Martin Luther further called for reform by posting his 95 Theses criticizing Church practices like indulgences, leading to his excommunication and the start of the Protestant Reformation across Europe in different forms like Lutheranism, Calvinism, and in England under Henry VIII. The Catholic Church also reformed in response through organizations like the Jesuits and the Council of Trent.

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talitejujee95
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Reformation

Christian Humanism
► Emphasis on early Church writings that
provided answers on how to improve society and
reform the Church
► Less emphasis on pagan works from ancient
Greece and Rome
► Drew on Hebrew and Greek texts of the Bible
and the writings of the Church Fathers.
► Emphasized education and power of human
intellect to bring about institutional change and
moral improvement.
► Writings led to criticism of the church thus
leading to the Reformation
Erasmus
► Most famous and
celebrated of all Christian
humanists
► Master of the Greek
language; one of Europe’s
foremost authorities
► Made new translations of
the Greek and Latin
versions of the New
Testament to create
“purer” editions.
Calls to Reform the Church
► In Praise of Folly - by Erasmus
 Best-seller (only the Bible sold more by 1550)
 Erasmus was a devout Catholic who sought to
reform the Church, not destroy it
 Criticized immorality and hypocrisy of Church
leaders and the clergy
 The book inspired renewed calls for reform,
and influenced Martin Luther
THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION

► Religious reforms dividing western Christianity


► Roman Catholic Church criticized for abuse of
power and corruption
► Christian Humanists–wanted to reform Church
 Believed through reason, and studying the
classics one could become more pious(Christ-like)
 Desiderius Erasmus–father of Christian Humanism
►Suggested reforming from within the Church
Why reform?
► Popes corrupted by power & lose focus of
spiritual leadership
► People wanted to know how to save souls
► Indulgences –a release of a
soul from purgatory for
monetary donation –
a HUGE abuse of
Church power!
MARTIN LUTHER
► German Priest
► Saw problems in the Church
► Church believed salvation gained
from faith + good work
 Luther thought faith alone gained salvation
► Oct 31, 1517 – Posted 95 Theses on church door
in Wittenburg, Ger
 His criticisms of Church
 1000s of copies distributed through
Germany
The Reformation Begins
► By 1521 Luther moving toward spilt from Church
► Wanted Ger princes to overthrow Papal power in
Germany & est a German Church
► By Jan 1521 – Luther excommunicated
 Summoned by Imperial Diet of HRE to Worms
 Called by Emperor Charles V,
wanted Luther to change his
ideas, Luther – “NO”
 Edict of Worms issued, making
Luther an outlaw
 Luther kept in hiding by
his prince
Lutheranism
► Followersof Luther’s religious practices
► Gained support of many German princes
► 1524, German peasants revolted & hoped
Luther would support them, because Luther
needed the princes’ support, he did not help
the peasants
► Germany in turmoil – Catholic? Lutheran?
 To achieve peace HRE Emperor Charles V
accepted the Peace of Augsburg (allowed Ger
princes to choose the faith of their region)
Protestantism Spreads - Zwingli
► UlrichZwingli – priest in Zurich, Switzerland
► Zwinglian Reformation
 Banned all religious relics & images
 Whitewashed all church interiors
 No music in church services
 Does note merge w/Luther b/c
can’t agree with the meaning
of communion
Protestantism Spreads - Calvin
► John Calvin replaces Zwingli (killed in rel war)
► French, fled for safety to Switzerland
► Espoused – predestination
► 1536 – began reforming Geneva, Switz.
 Created a church govt of elect & laity
 Used consistory (moral police)
► Sent missionaries thru Eur to convert Cath.
► Ideas spread  FR, Neth, Scot…
► Mid 16th C – Calvinism more pop than Lutheranism
Reformation in England
► Political,
not religious motives for reform
► Henry VIII – King of England
 Needs a male heir to carry on
the Tudor Dynasty
 Married Catherine of Aragon
(Aunt of Charles V,HRE Emperor)
 Have a daughter, Mary
 No son, so Henry wants a divorce!
In the Catholic Church, you
need an annulment, granted by the
Church. The Pope grants it for a King.
Reformation in England (cont)
► The Pope refused to grant the annulment,
too political (King of Eng vs. HRE Emperor)
► After a long argument, Henry decided to
break from Catholic Church
► Archbishop of Canterbury granted divorce
► Act of Supremacy(1534) est Church of Eng
 King control over doctrine, appointments, etc
 Dissolves Cath claims, sells land & possessions
 Remained close to Cath teachings
Henry & his wives

► Henry was
desperate for a son.
So much so he
married 6 times!!
► The saying goes…
Divorced, Beheaded,
Died
Divorced, Beheaded,
Survived
The Church of England
► 1547 – Henry died
 His 9 year old son, Edward VI, took the throne
► The Church of England- aka Anglican Church
 Became more Protestant
 Angering Catholics
► 1553 – Edward dies
 His half-sister Mary (Catholic) takes throne
 She wants to restore Catholicism
 “Bloody Mary” has 300+ Prot burned as heretics
 Increases tensions btw Cath & Prot
The Anabaptists
► Separate selves from other Prot
 Adult baptism
 Dislike govt interference
►Refuse political office, bear arms (pacifists), etc
 See all people as equal
► Viewed as extremely radical
► Modern descendents
 Amish, Mennonites, German Baptists
The Catholic Reformation
► Protestantism spreading rapidly through Eur
► Church sees need to reform
► Pillars of Catholic Reformation
 1. Society of Jesus (Jesuits)
►Ignatius of Loyola, began missions to restore Church
 2. Reform of Papacy – started by Pope Paul III
 3. Council of Trent – met off & on for 18 years
►Reaffirmed traditional Cath beliefs
 Incl the 7 sacraments & faith and good works
►Banned selling indulgences!

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