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Reproduction Wbcs - Annoted. jQNMfoT

The document summarizes various types of reproduction including asexual reproduction, sexual reproduction, and vegetative reproduction. It then focuses on parthenogenesis, which is reproduction without fertilization, and parthenocarpy, which is fruit development without fertilization. The remainder discusses human reproduction, including the structure and function of male and female reproductive systems, gamete formation, fertilization, implantation, birth, and birth control methods.

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Surajit Mondal
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
27 views45 pages

Reproduction Wbcs - Annoted. jQNMfoT

The document summarizes various types of reproduction including asexual reproduction, sexual reproduction, and vegetative reproduction. It then focuses on parthenogenesis, which is reproduction without fertilization, and parthenocarpy, which is fruit development without fertilization. The remainder discusses human reproduction, including the structure and function of male and female reproductive systems, gamete formation, fertilization, implantation, birth, and birth control methods.

Uploaded by

Surajit Mondal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PSC & SSC SMART PRO BIO SCIENCE

REPRODUCTION

PRESENTED BY- POOJA DAS


(DEPT. OF BIO SC. & ENVS)
TYPES OF REPRODUCTION

REPRODUCTION

ASEXUAL
SEXUAL VEGETATIVE
REPRODUCTION PARTHENOGENESIS
REPRODUCTION REPRODUCTION
BioScience | Reproduction

Parthenogenesis

• Parthenogenesis is a form of reproduction in which an


haploid egg can develop into a haploid organism without
being fertilized by a sperm.

• Parthenogenesis is derived from the Greek words for


“virgin birth,”

• Found in several insect species including aphids, bees,


and ants are known to reproduce by parthenogenesis
BioScience | Reproduction

Parthenocarpy
• Introduced – Noll ,1902

• Parthenos = Virgin ; Karpos = Fruit

• Natural or artificially induced fruit development without


pollination and fertilization .

• Seedless
• The development of parthenocarpic fruits is stimulated
by the influence of plant hormones such as Auxin ( IAA ,
IBA )
Some
parthenocarpic
fruits
● Banana, cucumber,
grapes, oranges,
pineapple are some
of the fruits
developed by
parthenocarpy
MODE OF SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

SYNGAMY CONJUGATION
TYPES OF SYNGAMY
PARTS OF A FLOWER
KEY POINTS
• Study of pollen grains-
Palynology

• Father of Palynology-
Erdtman
BioScience| Reproduction

HUMAN REPRODUCTION

The comparative study of male & female reproductive systems are given below—
BioScience| Reproduction

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM


BioScience| Reproduction

• Pair of testis present within scrotum sac

• Weight of testis is 17 gm

• In Mammals testis is extra abdominal(within scrotum)

• Intra abdominal testis present in Elephant , Whale

• Cryptorchidism – Failure of descending of testis from abdomen to scrotum . It is


male sterility
BioScience| Reproduction

STRUCTURE OF TESTIS
BioScience| Reproduction

• Testis has 3 layers – Tunica vaginalis , Tunica albuginea & Tunica vasculosa
• Within testis 200 lobules are present , each lobules contain 2-3 seminiferous tubule
where spermatogenesis takes place
• Each seminiferous tubule contain 2 kind of cell – Germe cell and sertoli cell
• Germe cell devides into primary spermatocyte , secondary spermatocyte and
spermatid.
• Spermatid produce into spermatozoa , this process is called spermiogenesis
• Sertoli cell is called Nurse cell , it provide nutrition to the growing sperm
BioScience| Reproduction

SPERMATOGENESIS
BioScience| Reproduction

STRUCTURE OF SPERM

• Each sperm is composed of head , neck , middle piece and tail


• Head is covered by a cap like structure , called Acrosome ,secrete Hyaluronidase enzyme
BioScience| Reproduction

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

It composed of pair of ovary , pair of fallopian tube , Uterus.


BioScience| Reproduction

STRUCTURE OF OVARY

• Within ovary several primary follicles are present

• By the influence of FSH hormone each primary follicle converts into mature graffian follicle ,
where Oogenesis takes place

• By rupturing graafian follicle egg is released into fallopian tube , called Ovulation

• Ruptured graafian follicle is called Corpus leutium


BioScience| Reproduction
BioScience| Reproduction

MENSTRUAL CYCLE

• Onset of menstrual cycle is called Menarchae

• Offset of menstrual cycle is called Menopause . It takes place at the age of 45 – 55.

• Menstrual cycle is a 28 days cycle , where during 14 th day Ovulation takes place

• Egg is release from alternate ovary in every month .


BioScience| Reproduction

PHASE OF MENSTRUAL CYCLE

The cycle can be divided into four phases :

● Menstrual phase ( bleeding phase)


● Follicular phase ( before the egg is release)
● Ovulatory phase ( egg is released )
● Luteal phase ( after release of the egg )
BioScience| Reproduction
BioScience| Reproduction

FERTILIZATION
• It takes place within fallopian tube
• During copulation semen is released by the penis into the vagina is called
insemination
• The motile sperm swim rapidly and finally reach into the fallopian tube
• Finally sperm fuse with an ovum
BioScience| Reproduction

IMPLANTATION
• After fertilization zygote is produced and attached on uterine wall ( Endometrium )
• From zygote by successive division Embryo is produce and embryo ultimately converts
into Foetus .
• Time period between fertilization and parturition is called Gestation period. In human it is
36 weeks
BioScience| Reproduction

● Sperm contacts with zona pellucida of ovum and induce changes in membrane that
blocks entry of other sperm
● Acrosome of sperm secretes lytic enzyme – hyaluronidase that helps in penetration
into the ovum
BioScience| Reproduction

• Oxytocin is called birth hormone . During parturition it helps in contraction of


uterine muscle.
• First milk secretes from mammary gland is highly nutritional , called
colostrum . Which contain Ig A antibody
• Prolactin is called milk synthesis hormone and Oxytocin is called milk
ejecting hormone
BioScience| Reproduction
BIRTH CONTROL
• Hysterectomy – Surgical removal of uterus
• Orchidectomy - Surgical removal of testis
• Tubectomy – Surgical removal of fallopian tube
• Vasectomy – Surgical removal of vas deferens
• Copper T - The copper intrauterine (IUD) is a small 'T-shaped' contraceptive device that
is placed inside the uterus

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