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Spur gears are the simplest type of gear, consisting of a disk with radially projecting teeth. The most common tooth profile used today is the involute profile, which allows for smooth meshing even with some misalignment. Key gear terminology includes pitch circle, addendum, dedendum, tooth profile, and module. Involute gears can be easily generated by rack cutters or gear cutters. The module is used instead of circular pitch, and is defined based on circular pitch and pi. Relatively prime tooth counts help ensure even wear between meshing gears.

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chandraprakash koravi
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29 views

Project

Spur gears are the simplest type of gear, consisting of a disk with radially projecting teeth. The most common tooth profile used today is the involute profile, which allows for smooth meshing even with some misalignment. Key gear terminology includes pitch circle, addendum, dedendum, tooth profile, and module. Involute gears can be easily generated by rack cutters or gear cutters. The module is used instead of circular pitch, and is defined based on circular pitch and pi. Relatively prime tooth counts help ensure even wear between meshing gears.

Uploaded by

chandraprakash koravi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 1

Introduction

Spur gears or straight-cut gears are the simplest type of gear. They consist of a
cylinder or disk with teeth projecting radially. Though the teeth are not straight-
sided (but usually of special form to achieve a constant drive ratio, mainly involute
but less commonly cycloidal), the edge of each tooth is straight and aligned
parallel to the axis of rotation. These gears mesh together correctly only if fitted to
parallel shafts. No axial thrust is created by the tooth loads. Spur gears are
excellent at moderate speeds but tend to be noisy at high speeds.

For power transmission gears, the tooth form most commonly used today is
the involute profile. Involute gears can be manufactured easily, and the gearing has
a feature that enables smooth meshing despite the misalignment of center distance
to some degree.

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Chapter 2

Project Details

Spur gears or straight-cut gears are the simplest type of gear. They consist of a
cylinder or disk with teeth projecting radially. Though the teeth are not straight-
sided (but usually of special form to achieve a constant drive ratio, mainly involute
but less commonly cycloidal), the edge of each tooth is straight and aligned
parallel to the axis of rotation.

The tooth profile shown in fig, where the tooth depth is 2.25 times the module,
is called a full depth tooth. This type of full depth tooth is most common, but other
types with shorter or longer tooth depths are also used in some applications.
Although the pressure angle is usually set to 20 degrees, can be 14.5 or 17.5
degrees in specific applications.

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Involute gears can be easily generated by rack type cutters. The hob is in effect a
rack cutter. Gear generation is also produced with gear type cutters using a shaper
or planer machine. In Figure, illustrates how an involute gear tooth profile is
generated. It shows how the pitch line of a rack cutter rolling on a pitch circle
generates a spur gear. Gear shapers with pinion cutters can also be used to generate
involute gears. Gear shapers can not only generate external gears but also generate
internal gear teeth.

Module or modulus, m:-


Since it is impractical to calculate circular pitch with irrational numbers,
mechanical engineers usually use a scaling factor that replaces it with a regular
value instead. This is known as the module or modulus of the wheel and is simply
defined as
{\display style m=p/\pi} m=p/\pi
Where m is the module and p the circular pitch. The units of module are
customarily millimeters; an English Module is sometimes used with the units of
inches. When the diametral pitch, DP, is in English units,
{\display style m=25.4/DP} m=25.4/DP in conventional metric units.
The distance between the two axis becomes
{\display style a=m (z_ {1} +z_ {2})/2} a= m (z_1 + z_2)/2
Where a is the axis distance, z1 and z2 are the number of cogs (teeth) for each of
the two wheels (gears). These numbers (or at least one of them) is often chosen
among primes to create an even contact between every cog of both wheels, and
thereby avoid unnecessary wear and damage. An even uniform gear wear is
achieved by ensuring the tooth counts of the two gears meshing together are
relatively prime to each other; this occurs when the greatest common divisor
(GCD) of each gear tooth count equals 1, e.g. GCD(16,25)=1; if a 1:1 gear ratio is
3

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desired a relatively prime gear may be inserted in between the two gears; this
maintains the 1:1 ratio but reverses the gear direction; a second relatively prime
gear could also be inserted to restore the original rotational direction while
maintaining uniform wear with all 4 gears in this case. Mechanical engineers, at
least in continental Europe, usually use the module instead of circular pitch. The
module, just like the circular pitch, can be used for all types of cogs, not just
evolving based straight cogs.

Addendum, a:-
Radial distance from the pitch surface to the outermost point of the tooth. {\display
style a= (D_ {o}-D)/2} a= (D_o-D)/2
Dedendum, b:-
Radial distance from the depth of the tooth trough to the pitch surface. {\display
style b= (D-{\text {root diameter}})/2} b= (D-\text {root diameter})/2

Pitch circle, pitch line:-


Circle centered on and perpendicular to the axis, and passing through the pitch
point. A predefined diametric position on the gear where the circular tooth
thickness, pressure angle and helix angles are defined.

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Tooth profile:-
A profile is one side of a tooth in a cross section between the outside circle and
the root circle. Usually a profile is the curve of intersection of a tooth surface and a
plane or surface normal to the pitch surface, such as the transverse, normal, or axial
plane.
The fillet curve (root fillet) is the concave portion of the tooth profile where it
joins the bottom of the tooth space.
As mentioned near the beginning of the article, the attainment of a
nonfluctuating velocity ratio is dependent on the profile of the teeth. Friction and
wear between two gears is also dependent on the tooth profile. There are a great
many tooth profiles that provides a constant velocity ratio.
In many cases, given an arbitrary tooth shape, it is possible to develop a tooth
profile for the mating gear that provides a constant velocity ratio. However, two
constant velocity tooth profiles are the most commonly used in modern times: the
cycloid and the involute.

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Chapter 3

Conclusion

Hence we have studied different types of spur gears with different diameters and
number of tooth of gear.

References
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear
https://khkgears.net/new/gear_knowledge/gear_technical_reference/involute_gear_
profile.html

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