ADNAN MENDERES UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
EE 310 ELECTROMECHANICAL ENERGY CONVERSION
LABORATORY
2017-2018.
EXPERIMENT NUMBER :5

EXPERIMENT TITLE : THREE-PHASE SQUIRREL CAGE INDUCTION MOTOR.

LAB. SECTION : 1

LAB. GROUP NUMBER :1

GROUP MEMBER : Ben KAPANSA 141804032.

: Musab sabri KARA 131804003.

: Burcu Serpil HIDIROĞLU 131804026.

: Cihan EBRET 131804025.

INSTRUCTOR: Asst. Prof. Atilla DÖNÜK

DATE: 07/05/2018.

SIGNATURES:-

We hereby declare that the information provided inside this report is obtained and reported with our own experimental works. We
also understand that any willful dishonesty may result in failure in this course
OBJECTIVE:-
The objective was to demonstrate the connection of a three-phase squirrel cage induction
motor control the direction of rotation of the motor, starting a three-phase squirrel cage
induction motor in wye or delta, operating characteristic of a three-phase squirrel cage motor
under no load condition ,be able to demonstrate the blocked rotor characteristic of a three-
phase squirrel cage motor and finally demonstrate the torque-speed characteristic of a three-
phase cage motor.

RESULTS

CONNECTION AND MOTOR DIRECTION CONTROL

When a squirrel-cage rotor is placed inside a rotating magnetic field, it is pulled
around in the same direction as the rotating field. Interchanging the power connections to
two of the stator windings (interchanging A with B for example) interchanges two of the
three currents and reverses the phase sequence. This causes the rotating field to reverse
direction. As a result, the direction of rotation of the motor is also reversed.

 When the reverse switch was set to FOR position the motor started and the observed
and recorded direction of the rotation of the motor was Anti-clockwise.
 By switching to the REV position the direction rotation ot the motor change and is was
running in Clockwise direction.
WYE-DELTA STARTING
The wye-delta starters are very common winding voltage reducing starters in industrial
applications. The method aims to decrease the starting current by reducing the applied
winding voltage. This also reduces the disturbances to the network. In many networks, direct
on-line starting for the motors with a rated power greater than 4 kW is restricted by
regulations . Wye-delta starter is one of the lowest cost voltage reducing starters which is
applicable only to delta connected motors in rated operation. The electromechanical wye-delta
starter contains at least three contactors, namely main, wye and delta contactors. The system
contains also mechanical and electrical interlocks and a timing system. During starting,
initially, the main contactor (M) and star contactor (Y) are closed. When the motor gets close
to rated speed, star contactor (Y) is opened and delta contactor is closed. Control of contactors
is provided by mechanical & electrical interlock together with the timing system built into the
starter.

Table 12-2-1 Measured values of I,E and cosθ.

I(A) E(V) cos θ

Wye Starting 0.884 229.5 0.208

Running 0.785 229.5 0.223

Delta Starting 0.768 229.9 0.3300

Running 0.279 229.9 0.329

NO-LOAD CHARACTERISTIC
 1) We installed the required Modules in the Experimental Frame and we constructed the circuit
in accordance with the circuit diagram in given figure and the connection diagram in given
figure.

2) We turned on sequentially the 3-P Current Protection Switch and Three-phase Power Supply
Modules and we recorded the motor current I, motor voltage E, motor power P and power
factor cos values displayed by the Digital Power Analysis Meter in table.

I(A) P(W) COS E(V)

0.888 24 0.208 229.5

TORQUE-SPEED CHARACTERISTIC
An induction motor compared to a dc motor has some major advantages such as Absence of
brushes,commutator segments, rugged construction, being cheap, lesser maintenance
requirements and smaller size for the same power output. Due to these advantages induction
machines have become more popular in industrial applications. For any motor load
application, it is imperative to know the torque speed characteristic of the motor. Consider a
three phase squirrel cage induction motor whose stator has
three windings displaced in space by 120 . When they are excited with currents that are
displaced in time by 120 , a rotating magnetic field rotating at a speed called synchronous
speed Ns is set up. The synchronous speed, Ns is given by ;

where, f is the frequency of the currents and P is the number of poles. If the rotor of the
induction motor rotates at a speed, Nr, then the slip, s is defined by ;
where ws is the synchronous speed in rps, Vs is the voltage applied to the stator, I2;R2;X2 are
the rotor current, resistance and reactance referred to stator respectively. R1;X1 are the stator
resistance and reactance respectively. If (3) is plotted, we get the T-Nr characteristics as
shown in Fig. 1.

The maximum torque developed, Tm and the slip,sm at which Tm occurs is given by ;

T(kg-m) 0 0,05 0,1 0,15 0,2 0,25

P(w) 25 54 81 110 143 179
I(A) 0,88 0,915 1,008 1,146 1,329 1,563
COSα 0,215 0,445 0,607 0,726 0,807 0,86
N(rpm) 1493 1472 1449 1421 1393 1355
 0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15 T vs P
0.1
0.05
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8 I vs P
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
1550
1500
1450
1400
N vs P
1350
1300
1250
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

200
180
160
140
120
100
Cos vs P
80
60
40
20
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
BLOCKED ROTOR TEST
Blocked rotor test is similar to the short circuit test on a transformer. It is performed in the to calculate
the series parameters of the induction machine, its leakage impedances. The rotor is blocked to prevent
rotation and balanced voltages are applied to the stator terminals. Under the reduced voltage condition
and rated current, core loss and magnetizing component of the current are quite small percent of the
total current, equivalent circuit reduces to the form.

Figure 1: Asynchronous motor’s short circuit equivalent circuit diagram

Figure 2: Asynchronous motor’s block rotor equivalent circuit diagram

Short circuit power loss:Pk = Pscu + Prcu

Pk = Is𝟐 .Rlr = Is𝟐 (Rs + Rr)

Short circuit equivalent resistance:Re = Pk/3Ik 2

Short circuit equivalent impedance :Ze = Uk /Ik

Ze = Re + jXe

Short circuit equivalent reactance :Xe = Xs + Xr ′

Rotor circuit resistance :Re = Rs + Rr ′

Rr ′ = R e − Rs

Short circuit power factor: cosθk = Pk ÷ √ 3UkIk

I(A) P(W) cosθ E(V)

1.4 38 0,85 57,3

Table1:Measured values of I,P,E and cos𝝋

 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, One of the main drawbacks of the Wye-Delta Starting method is current and
torque impulses occurring at two different instances. First disturbance is at the very beginning
of starting and the second one is at the instance of connection changing from wye to delta.
First impulse happens depending on the nature of starting and second impulse is created at the
time that the contacts are opened and closed. The use of electromechanical wye-delta starter
creates Open Transition during connection change. The three-phase induction motor behaves
as a transformer whose secondary winding can rotate. The basic difference is that the load is
mechanical. Besides, the reluctance to the magnetic field is greater on account of the presence
of the air-gap across which the stator power is transferred to the rotor. In addition , If the
motor turns backward, the induced torque will stop the rotor quickly and will try to rotate it in the
opposite direction. Since switching any two of the stator phases will reverse the direction of
magnetic field rotation, this fact can be used to stop motors quickly. This technique is known
as plugging. There is a maximum possible torque that the motor cannot exceed. This torque is
called the pullout torque or breakdown torque and is 2 to 3 times the rated full torque of the
motor.