0% found this document useful (0 votes)
25 views91 pages

E-Math Practice Questions (July) (Full Solutions)

This document contains a specimen paper for Secondary 4 Express/Secondary 5 Normal Academic mathematics. It includes 34 pages of practice questions covering various topics in elementary mathematics such as numbers and operations, algebra, geometry, statistics, and probability. Students have 3 weeks to complete the questions and submit their work to the tutor for marking. The tutor aims to help as many students as possible through this initiative and provide a markers' report along with full solutions at the end. Some questions may be more challenging and require thinking beyond what is directly taught, drawing on fundamental concepts. Students should attempt all questions to the best of their ability and not give up.

Uploaded by

lohbernard168
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
25 views91 pages

E-Math Practice Questions (July) (Full Solutions)

This document contains a specimen paper for Secondary 4 Express/Secondary 5 Normal Academic mathematics. It includes 34 pages of practice questions covering various topics in elementary mathematics such as numbers and operations, algebra, geometry, statistics, and probability. Students have 3 weeks to complete the questions and submit their work to the tutor for marking. The tutor aims to help as many students as possible through this initiative and provide a markers' report along with full solutions at the end. Some questions may be more challenging and require thinking beyond what is directly taught, drawing on fundamental concepts. Students should attempt all questions to the best of their ability and not give up.

Uploaded by

lohbernard168
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 91

JULY PRACTICE QUESTIONS 2021

SECONDARY 4 EXPRESS
SECONDARY 5 NORMAL ACADEMIC

ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICS 4048/01

Specimen Paper MARKING SCHEME


Date: 1 JULY 2021 Duration: NIL

Candidates answer on separate writing paper

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Answer all questions.


If working is needed for any question it must be shown with the answer.
Omission of essential working will result in loss of marks.
You are expected to use a scientific calculator to evaluate explicit numerical expressions.
If the degree of accuracy is not specified in the question, and if the answer is not exact,
give the answer to three significant figures.
Give answers in degrees to one decimal place.
For 𝝅, use either your calculator value of 𝟑. 𝟏𝟒𝟐, unless the question requires the answer in
terms of 𝝅.

Topic names will be listed above each question for your benefit and revision

Upon completion of solutions:

Each candidate have exactly 3 weeks to submit their solutions


Take a picture or send the digital version of your solutions to me (Kaiwen) via
Telegram (@kaiwen_tutor) or WhatsApp (90583779)
Ensure that all workings are clear and legible
Solutions will be marked based on your presentation, accuracy and completeness of
your solutions
A markers’ report and the full solutions will be provided at the end of the month

Setter: Ong Kai Wen

This question paper consists of 34 printed pages including the cover page

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


1 Updated: August 1, 2021
Content Covered

Numbers and Algebra Geometry and Measurement Statistics and Probability


Numbers & their Operations Angles, Triangles & Polygons Data Analysis
Ratio & Proportion Congruence & Similarity Data Handling
Percentage Properties of Circles Probability
Rate & Speed Pythagoras’ Theorem
Algebraic Expression & Formulae Trigonometry
Functions & Graphs Mensuration
Equations & Inequalities Coordinate Geometry
Set Language & Notation Vectors
Matrices
Problems in Real World Context

All materials prepared for this Specimen Paper are prepared by the original tutor (Kaiwen).
All rights reserved. No part of any materials provided may be reproduced, distributed, or
transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other
electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the tutor.

All questions are sourced and selected based on the known abilities of students sitting for
the ‘O’ Level E-Math Examination. If questions are sourced from respective sources, credit
will be given when appropriate

Special Note from Tutor (Kaiwen):

Some of these questions are slightly more challenging than others and require some out
of the box thinking. When faced with such challenging questions, always go back to the
fundamentals, and think about the basics you already have learnt in school. Questions
will never deviate away from the curriculum that is already pre-set for you

Nonetheless, don’t give up if you are unable to solve the questions! Send in your
solutions as how you would submit your answer scripts during the National
Examinations. From there, I will be able to see and judge the ability of the cohort
before moving on and planning the curriculum and content for the rest of the year.

All the best and I really do hope that this initiative will help as many students as it can
reach! 加油!

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


2 Updated: August 1, 2021
Topic: Numbers & their Operations
Evaluate the following, without the use of a calculator

𝟑𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟑 − 𝟐𝟔 × 𝟑𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 + 𝟏
𝟑𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟏 + 𝟑

[S4 VS P1/2011 PRELIM Qn 1]

Solution

𝟑𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟑 − 𝟐𝟔 × 𝟑𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 + 𝟏 𝟑𝟑 (𝟑𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 ) − 𝟐𝟔(𝟑𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 ) + 𝟏


=
𝟑𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟏 + 𝟑 𝟑(𝟑𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 ) + 𝟑
𝟐𝟕(𝟑𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 ) − 𝟐𝟔(𝟑𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 ) + 𝟏
=
𝟑(𝟑𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 + 𝟏)
𝟑𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 + 𝟏
=
𝟑(𝟑𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 + 𝟏)
𝟏
=
𝟑

Simplify the following


𝟑
√−𝟖𝒂𝟑 𝒃 × 𝟎. 𝟓𝒂$𝟏 𝒃𝟐
𝟐𝒂√𝒃

[S4 DHS P1/2011 PRELIM Qn 3]

Solution

𝟏
𝟑
√−𝟖𝒂𝟑 𝒃 $𝟏 𝟐
× 𝟎. 𝟓𝒂 𝒃 4−𝟐𝒂𝒃𝟑 5 (𝒃𝟐 )
= 𝟏
𝟐𝒂√𝒃 𝟐(𝟐)(𝒂𝟐 ) 4𝒃𝟐 5
𝟓
𝒃𝟏𝟔
=−
𝟐𝒂

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


3 Updated: August 1, 2021
Written as a product of its prime factors

𝟐𝟕𝟎 = 𝟐 × 𝟑𝟑 × 𝟓

(a) Express 𝟑𝟗𝟔 as the product of its prime factors


(b) Hence, find
(i) the smallest positive integer 𝒎 for which 𝟐𝟕𝟎𝒎 is a multiple of 𝟑𝟗𝟔
𝟑
(ii) the smallest positive integer 𝒏 such that √𝟑𝟗𝟔𝒏 is a whole number

[S4 DSS P1/2011 PRELIM Qn 10]

Solution

(a) 𝟑𝟗𝟔 = 𝟐𝟐 × 𝟑𝟐 × 𝟏𝟏

(b) (i) 𝒎 = 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟏
= 𝟐𝟐

(ii) 𝒏 = 𝟐 × 𝟑 × 𝟏𝟏𝟐
= 𝟕𝟐𝟔

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


4 Updated: August 1, 2021
A helium-neon laser emits light of wavelength, 𝝀 = 𝟔. 𝟑𝟐𝟖 × 𝟏𝟎$𝟓 𝐜𝐦 for a certain frequency
(a) Express this wavelength in nanometre (𝐧𝐦)
(b) Given that the wavelength 𝝀 (in 𝐜𝐦) of light is inversely proportional to its frequency,
calculate the new wavelength of light, in 𝐧𝐦, emitted by the laser when its frequency is now
increased by 𝟐𝟓𝟎%

[S4 TKGS P1/2011 PRELIM Qn 4]

Solution

(a) 𝝀 = 𝟔. 𝟑𝟐𝟖 × 𝟏𝟎$𝟓 𝐜𝐦


= 𝟔. 𝟑𝟐𝟖 × 𝟏𝟎$𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎$𝟐 𝐦
= 𝟔𝟑𝟐. 𝟖 × 𝟏𝟎$𝟗 𝐦
= 𝟔𝟑𝟐. 𝟖 𝐧𝐦

(b) Since the wavelength is inversely proportional to frequency,


𝟏
𝝀∝
𝒇
𝒌
𝝀=
𝒇
𝝀𝒇 = 𝒌

Let the original frequency be 𝒇, the new frequency is 𝟑. 𝟓𝒇


(𝝀𝐧𝐞𝐰 )(𝟑. 𝟓𝒇) = A𝝀𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐥 B(𝒇)
(𝟔𝟑𝟐. 𝟖 𝐧𝐦)(𝒇)
𝝀𝐧𝐞𝐰 =
𝟑. 𝟓𝒇
= 𝟏𝟖𝟎. 𝟖 𝐧𝐦

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


5 Updated: August 1, 2021
(a) Simplify the following, leaving your answer as a positive index

𝟏 $𝟐
𝟐𝒙$𝟐
C E
𝟑𝒙

(b) Solve the following equation

𝟐𝟕𝟐𝒙$𝟏 = 𝟗(𝟑𝒙 )

[S4 TKGS P1/2011 PRELIM Qn 10]

Solution

(a) To simplify the following,


𝟏 $𝟐
𝟐𝒙$𝟐 𝟗𝒙
C E =
𝟑𝒙 𝟒𝒙$𝟐

𝟗 𝟑
= 𝒙
𝟒

(b) To simplify the following,


𝟐𝟕𝟐𝒙$𝟏 = 𝟗(𝟑𝒙 )
𝟑𝟔𝒙$𝟑 = (𝟑𝟐 )(𝟑𝒙 )
𝟑𝟔𝒙$𝟑 = 𝟑𝟐3𝒙
∴ 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟑 = 𝟐 + 𝒙
𝟓𝒙 = 𝟓
𝒙=𝟏

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


6 Updated: August 1, 2021
Given the 𝟐 ≤ 𝒙 < 𝟖 and −𝟔 ≤ 𝒚 ≤ 𝟓, for which 𝑥 and 𝑦 are integers
(a) Find the largest possible value of

𝟑𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚

(b) Find the smallest possible value of

𝒚𝟑
𝒙𝟐

[S4 CHIJ SJC P1/2012 PRELIM Qn 6]

Solution

(a) To find the largest possible value,


(𝟑𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚)𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟑(𝒙𝐦𝐚𝐱 ) − 𝟐(𝒚𝐦𝐢𝐧 )
= 𝟑(𝟕) − 𝟐(−𝟔)
= 𝟑𝟑

(b) To find the smallest possible value,


(𝒚𝐦𝐢𝐧 )𝟑 (−𝟔)𝟑
=
(𝒙𝐦𝐚𝐱 )𝟐 (𝟐)𝟐
= −𝟓𝟒

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


7 Updated: August 1, 2021
Topic: Ratio & Proportion
The model of a school is made to a scale of 𝟏: 𝟓𝟎
(a) If the height of the school in the model is 𝟑𝟔 𝐜𝐦, find the actual height of the school in metres
(b) The actual floor area of the school hall is 𝟕𝟎𝟎 𝐦𝟐 , find the corresponding floor area of the hall
of the model in 𝐜𝐦𝟐

[S4 AHS P1/2011 PRELIM Qn 6]

Solution

(a) From the linear scale,


𝟏 𝐜𝐦 on the map represents 𝟓𝟎 𝐜𝐦 in real life

∴ 𝐀𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐚𝐥 𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭 = 𝟓𝟎 × 𝟑𝟔
= 𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟎 𝐜𝐦
= 𝟏𝟖 𝐦

(b) We need to convert the linear scale to the area scale


𝟏 𝐜𝐦 on the map represents 𝟎. 𝟓 𝐦 in real life
𝟏 𝐜𝐦𝟐 on the map represents (𝟎. 𝟓)𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓 𝐦𝟐 in real life
𝟏
𝐜𝐦𝟐 𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐦𝐚𝐩 𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝟏 𝐦𝟐 𝐢𝐧 𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐥 𝐥𝐢𝐟𝐞
𝟎. 𝟐𝟓

𝟏
∴ 𝐌𝐚𝐩 𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐚 = × 𝟕𝟎𝟎
𝟎. 𝟐𝟓
= 𝟐𝟖𝟎𝟎 𝐜𝐦𝟐

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


8 Updated: August 1, 2021
(a) 𝒚 is directly proportional to 𝒙𝟑 . It is known that 𝒚 = 𝟗 for a particular value of 𝒙. Find the value
of 𝒚 when this value of 𝒙 is halved
(b) 𝟏𝟎 men planned to complete painting a housing estate in 𝟖 days. In actual, only a quarter of the
job was completed at the end of 𝟑 days. Assuming that all men worked at the same actual rate,
how many more men were needed for the rest of the job to be completed as scheduled?

[S4 CHS P1/2012 PRELIM Qn 9]

Solution

(a) Since 𝒚 is directly proportional to 𝒙𝟑


𝒚 ∝ 𝒙𝟑
𝒚 = 𝒌𝒙𝟑

When 𝒚 = 𝟗,
𝟗 = 𝒌𝒙𝟑

𝟏
𝐋𝐞𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐧𝐞𝐰 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝒚 𝐛𝐞 𝒚𝐧𝐞𝐰 . 𝐖𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝒙 𝐢𝐬 𝐡𝐚𝐥𝐯𝐞𝐝, 𝒙 → 𝒙
𝟐
𝟏 𝟑
∴ 𝒚𝐧𝐞𝐰 = 𝒌 4 𝒙5
𝟐
𝟏 𝟑
= 𝒌𝒙
𝟖
𝟏
= (𝟗)
𝟖
𝟏
=𝟏
𝟖

(b) We need to find the actual rate first,


𝟏
𝟏𝟎 𝐦𝐞𝐧 𝐭𝐨 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞𝐭𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐣𝐨𝐛 𝐭𝐚𝐤𝐞𝐬 𝟑 𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬
𝟒
𝟏
𝟏 𝐦𝐚𝐧 𝐭𝐨 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞𝐭𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐣𝐨𝐛 𝐭𝐚𝐤𝐞𝐬 (𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎) = 𝟑𝟎 𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬
𝟒
𝟑
𝟏 𝐦𝐚𝐧 𝐭𝐨 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞𝐭𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐣𝐨𝐛 𝐭𝐚𝐤𝐞𝐬 (𝟑𝟎 × 𝟑) = 𝟗𝟎 𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬
𝟒

𝟗𝟎 𝟑
𝐈𝐧 𝟓 𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬, 𝐢𝐭 𝐭𝐚𝐤𝐞𝐬 4 5 = 𝟏𝟖 𝐦𝐞𝐧 𝐭𝐨 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞𝐭𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐣𝐨𝐛
𝟓 𝟒

∴ 𝐀𝐝𝐝𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐦𝐞𝐧 = 𝟏𝟖 − 𝟏𝟎
= 𝟖 𝐦𝐞𝐧

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


9 Updated: August 1, 2021
Topic: Percentage
The radius of a circle is increased by 𝟏𝟎%
(a) Express the original circumference, as a fraction in its simplest form, of the increased
circumference
(b) Find the percentage increase in the area

[S4 DSS P1/2011 PRELIM Qn 8]

Solution

(a) Since the radius increased by 𝟏𝟎%, 𝒓 → 𝟏. 𝟏𝒓


𝟐𝝅𝒓
𝐑𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨 =
𝟐𝝅(𝟏. 𝟏𝒓)
𝟏𝟎
=
𝟏𝟏

(b) To find the percentage increase in the area,


𝝅(𝟏. 𝟏𝒓)𝟐 − 𝝅𝒓𝟐
𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐚 = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎%
𝝅𝒓𝟐
= 𝟐𝟏%

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


10 Updated: August 1, 2021
(a) A hobby club comprising of boys and girls has a total of 𝟏𝟔𝟎 members. If 𝟑𝟐 more girls join the
club, the percentage of girls will increase by 𝟓%. Find the number of boys in the club
(b) If 𝑿 is 𝟓% more than 𝒀, how many percent is 𝒀 less than 𝑿?
(c) Mandy invested $𝟐𝟎 𝟎𝟎𝟎 in an account which pays compound interest of 𝟑. 𝟕𝟓% per annum
compounded half-yearly. Find the total interest earned at the end of 𝟑 years

[S4 CGSS P1/2012 PRELIM Qn 13]

Solution

(a) Let the initial number of girls in the club be 𝒙


𝒙
𝐈𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐥 % 𝐨𝐟 𝐠𝐢𝐫𝐥𝐬 = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎%
𝟏𝟔𝟎
𝒙 + 𝟑𝟐
𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐥 % 𝐨𝐟 𝐠𝐢𝐫𝐥𝐬 = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎%
𝟏𝟗𝟐

𝐃𝐢𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐢𝐧 % = 𝟓%
𝒙 + 𝟑𝟐 𝒙 𝟓
− =
𝟏𝟗𝟐 𝟏𝟔𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟔𝟎(𝒙 + 𝟑𝟐) − 𝟏𝟗𝟐(𝒙) 𝟓
=
(𝟏𝟗𝟐)(𝟏𝟔𝟎) 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟔𝟎𝒙 + 𝟓𝟐𝟏𝟎 − 𝟏𝟗𝟐𝒙 = 𝟏𝟓𝟑𝟔
−𝟑𝟐𝒙 = −𝟑𝟓𝟖𝟒
𝒙 = 𝟏𝟏𝟐

∴ 𝐍𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐛𝐨𝐲𝐬 = 𝟏𝟔𝟎 − 𝟏𝟏𝟐


= 𝟒𝟖

(b) To find the percentage difference,


𝟏𝟎𝟎 − 𝟏𝟎𝟓
% 𝐝𝐢𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎%
𝟏𝟎𝟓
𝟏𝟔
= −𝟒 %
𝟐𝟏

𝟏𝟔
𝐇𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐝𝐢𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐢𝐬 𝟒 %
𝟐𝟏

(c) To find the total interest earned,


𝒓 𝒏
𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐭 = 𝑷 u𝟏 + v −𝑷
𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟑. 𝟕𝟓 𝟔
u 𝟐 v
= $𝟐𝟎 𝟎𝟎𝟎 C𝟏 + E − $𝟐𝟎 𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟎𝟎

= $𝟐𝟑𝟓𝟖. 𝟏𝟒𝟐𝟖𝟐𝟕 …
= $𝟐𝟑𝟓𝟖. 𝟏𝟒 (𝟐. 𝐝. 𝐩. )

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


11 Updated: August 1, 2021
In 𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟐, a company, SecureLoc manufactures locks which cost $𝟔 for a lock
(a) The cost of making a lock is allocated for materials, wages and overheads in the ratio 𝟑: 𝟐: 𝟓.
Calculate the cost of materials used in each lock
(b) A worker is paid $𝟏 for making a lock. Calculate how much she earns in an 𝟖-hour day if she
makes 𝟑 locks in 𝟐𝟎 minutes
(c) The locks are sold at a profit of 𝟐𝟎%. Calculate the price at which each one is sold
(d) In 𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟏, the cost of materials increased by 𝟐𝟓%, the cost of overheads dropped by 𝟓% while
the cost of wages remained the same. Calculate the increase, in dollars, in the cost of making a
lock
(e) SecureLoc wanted to build a new factory as part of their expansion. The company borrowed
$𝟑. 𝟓 million for 𝟏𝟎 years at a compound interest of 𝟒. 𝟓% per year. Calculate the amount of
interest SecureLoc will incur, giving your answer in standard form

[S4 MGS P2/2012 PRELIM Qn 2]

Solution

(a) To calculate the cost of materials used,


$𝟔
𝐂𝐨𝐬𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐥𝐬 𝐮𝐬𝐞𝐝 = ×𝟑
𝟑+𝟐+𝟓
= $𝟏. 𝟖𝟎

(b) To find the amount he has earned,


𝐄𝐚𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐝 = (𝟑 × 𝟑 × 𝟖) × $𝟏
= $𝟕𝟐

(c) Since the locks are sold at a profit of 𝟐𝟎%,


𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐟𝐢𝐭 = $𝟔 × 𝟏𝟐𝟎%
= $𝟕. 𝟐𝟎

(d) To find the cost of production in 𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟏,


𝟔 𝟔 𝟔
𝐂𝐨𝐬𝐭 𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟏 = 4 × 𝟑5 × 𝟏𝟐𝟓% + 4 × 𝟓5 × 𝟗𝟓% + 4 × 𝟐5
𝟑+𝟐+𝟓 𝟑+𝟐+𝟓 𝟑+𝟐+𝟓
= $𝟔. 𝟑𝟎

Difference = $𝟔. 𝟑𝟎 − $𝟔
= $𝟎. 𝟑𝟎

(e) To find the interest incurred,


𝒓 𝒏
𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐭 = 𝑷 u𝟏 + v −𝑷
𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟒. 𝟓 𝟏𝟎
= $(𝟑. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟔 ) 4𝟏 + 5 − $(𝟑. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟔 )
𝟏𝟎𝟎
= $𝟏. 𝟗𝟑𝟓𝟑𝟗𝟐 … × 𝟏𝟎𝟔
= $𝟏. 𝟗𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎𝟔

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


12 Updated: August 1, 2021
Topic: Rate & Speed

The diagram above shows the speed-time graph of a journey


(a) Find the speed after 𝟐𝟓 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐬
(b) Find the total distance travelled
(c) On the axes below, sketch the corresponding distance-time graph for the journey

[S4 DSS P1/2011 PRELIM Qn 18]

Solution

(a) To find the speed,


𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐞𝐝 𝟔𝟎
=
𝟐𝟓 𝟒𝟎
𝟏
𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐞𝐝 = 𝟑𝟕 𝐦/𝐬
𝟐

(b) To find the total distance travelled,


𝟏
𝐓𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐯𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐝 = A𝟏𝟎𝟎 + (𝟏𝟎𝟎 − 𝟒𝟎)B(𝟔𝟎)
𝟐
= 𝟒𝟖𝟎𝟎 𝐦

(c)

𝟒𝟖𝟎𝟎

𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


13 Updated: August 1, 2021
(a) On a particular day, the temperature at the bottom of a hill was 𝟏𝟏. 𝟓℃ and the temperature at
the top of the hill was −𝟏𝟐. 𝟑℃. What was the difference between these 𝟐 temperatures?
(b) Assuming that the temperature decreases at a steady rate of 𝟐℃ for every 𝟑𝟓 𝐦, estimate the
height of the hill to the nearest hundred metre

[S4 CGSS P1/2012 PRELIM Qn 2]

Solution

(a) Difference between the two temperatures = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟓℃ + 𝟏𝟐. 𝟑℃


= 𝟐𝟑. 𝟖℃

(b) Since the rate is 𝟐℃ for every 𝟑𝟓 𝐦,


𝟐𝟑. 𝟖
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 = 4 × 𝟑𝟓5
𝟐
= 𝟒𝟏𝟔. 𝟓 𝐦
= 𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝐦 (𝐧𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐫𝐞)

Shinkansen trains, Japan’s high speed bullet trains, can reach a speed of up to 𝟑𝟐𝟎 𝐤𝐦/𝐡
(a) Express 𝟑𝟐𝟎 𝐤𝐦/𝐡 in 𝐦/𝐬
(b) The distance between Tokyo and Kyoto is 𝟓𝟏𝟑. 𝟔 𝐤𝐦. Calculate the time taken, in hours and
minutes, to travel from Tokyo to Kyoto by the Shinkansen train

[S4 HIHS P1/2012 PRELIM Qn 13]

Solution

(a) To perform the conversion,


𝟑𝟐𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟑𝟐𝟎 𝐤𝐦/𝐡 =
𝟏 × 𝟔𝟎 × 𝟔𝟎
𝟖
= 𝟖𝟖 𝐦/𝐬
𝟗

(b) To find the time taken,


𝟓𝟏𝟑. 𝟔
𝐓𝐢𝐦𝐞 =
𝟑𝟐𝟎
= 𝟏. 𝟔𝟎𝟓 𝐡𝐫𝐬
= 𝟏 𝐡𝐫 𝟑𝟔 . 𝟑 𝐦𝐢𝐧

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


14 Updated: August 1, 2021
The diagram above shows the speed-time graph of a motorbike’s journey
(a) Find the total distance travelled
(b) Find the average speed for the whole journey
(c) Draw the acceleration time graph for the whole journey

[S4 SSS P1/2012 PRELIM Qn 12]

Solution

(a) To find the distance travelled,


𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 = (𝟐𝟎)(𝟐𝟎) + (𝟐𝟎 + 𝟑𝟎)(𝟒𝟓 − 𝟐𝟎) + (𝟑𝟎)(𝟕𝟓 − 𝟒𝟓) + (𝟑𝟎)(𝟏𝟎𝟓 − 𝟕𝟓)
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
= 𝟐𝟏𝟕𝟓 𝐦

(b) To find the average speed,


𝐓𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞
𝐀𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐞𝐝 =
𝐓𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞
𝟐𝟏𝟕𝟓
=
𝟏𝟎𝟓
= 𝟐𝟎. 𝟕𝟏𝟒𝟐𝟖𝟓 …
= 𝟐𝟎. 𝟕 𝐦/𝐬
(c)

𝟎. 𝟒

−𝟏

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


15 Updated: August 1, 2021
Topic: Algebraic Expressions & Formulae
Express the following as a single fraction in its simplest form

𝟏+𝒙 𝟑 𝟐−𝒙
+ −
𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙 − 𝟔 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟔 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙

[S4 DSS P1/2011 PRELIM Qn 17(b)]

Solution

𝟏+𝒙 𝟑 𝟐−𝒙 𝟏+𝒙 𝟑 𝟐−𝒙


+ − 𝟐 = + −
𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙 − 𝟔 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟔 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒙 (𝒙 − 𝟑)(𝒙 + 𝟐) 𝟐(𝒙 − 𝟑) 𝒙(𝒙 + 𝟐)
𝟐𝒙(𝟏 + 𝒙) + 𝟑(𝒙 + 𝟐)(𝒙) − (𝟐 − 𝒙)(𝟐)(𝒙 − 𝟑)
=
𝟐𝒙(𝒙 − 𝟑)(𝒙 + 𝟐)
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙 − [𝟐(𝟐𝒙 − 𝟔 − 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙)]
=
𝟐𝒙(𝒙 − 𝟑)(𝒙 + 𝟐)
𝟓𝒙𝟐 + 𝟖𝒙 − 𝟏𝟎𝒙 + 𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐
=
𝟐𝒙(𝒙 − 𝟑)(𝒙 + 𝟐)
𝟕𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏𝟐
=
𝟐𝒙(𝒙 − 𝟑)(𝒙 + 𝟐)

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


16 Updated: August 1, 2021
Consider the following sequence

𝟏 𝟑
𝟏+𝟏− =
𝟐 𝟏×𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟕
𝟏+ − =
𝟐 𝟑 𝟐×𝟑
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏𝟑
𝟏+ − =
𝟑 𝟒 𝟑×𝟒

(a) Write down the next 𝟐 lines of the sequence


(b) Express the 𝒏𝐭𝐡 line of the sequence in a similar pattern
(c) Hence, show that

𝟑 𝟕 𝟏𝟑 𝟓𝟕 𝟕𝟑 𝟗𝟏 𝟗
! − 𝟏' + ! − 𝟏' + ! − 𝟏' + ⋯ + ! − 𝟏' + ! − 𝟏' + ! − 𝟏' =
𝟏×𝟐 𝟐×𝟑 𝟑×𝟒 𝟕×𝟖 𝟖×𝟗 𝟗 × 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎

[S4 TKGS P2/2011 PRELIM Qn 4(a)]

Solution

(a) The next 𝟐 lines,


𝟏 𝟏 𝟐𝟏
𝐋𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝟒: 𝟏 + − =
𝟒 𝟓 𝟒×𝟓
𝟏 𝟏 𝟑𝟏
𝐋𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝟓: 𝟏 + − =
𝟓 𝟔 𝟓×𝟔

(b) The 𝒏𝐭𝐡 line has the equation:


𝟏 𝟏 𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏) + 𝒏 + 𝟏 − 𝒏
𝒏𝐭𝐡 𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞: 𝟏 + − =
𝒏 𝒏+𝟏 𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏)
𝒏𝟐 + 𝒏 + 𝟏
=
𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏)

(c) To show the following,


𝟑 𝟕 𝟏𝟑 𝟓𝟕 𝟕𝟑 𝟗𝟏
𝐋𝐇𝐒 = 4 − 𝟏5 + 4 − 𝟏5 + 4 − 𝟏5 + ⋯ + 4 − 𝟏5 + 4 − 𝟏5 + 4 − 𝟏5
𝟏×𝟐 𝟐×𝟑 𝟑×𝟒 𝟕×𝟖 𝟖×𝟗 𝟗 × 𝟏𝟎
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= 4𝟏 − 5 + 4 − 5 + 4 − 5 + ⋯ + 4 − 5 + 4 − 5 + 4 − 5
𝟐 𝟐 𝟑 𝟑 𝟒 𝟕 𝟖 𝟖 𝟗 𝟗 𝟏𝟎
𝟏
=𝟏−
𝟏𝟎
𝟗
=
𝟏𝟎
= 𝐑𝐇𝐒

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


17 Updated: August 1, 2021
Write down an expression, in terms of 𝒏, for the 𝒏𝐭𝐡 term of the sequence

𝟎, 𝟐, 𝟔, 𝟏𝟐, 𝟐𝟎, 𝟑𝟎, 𝟒𝟐, …

[S4 ANDSS P1/2012 PRELIM Qn 1(b)]

Solution

𝑻𝟏 𝑻𝟐 𝑻𝟑 𝑻𝟒 𝑻𝟓 𝑻𝟔 𝑻𝟕
𝟎 𝟐 𝟔 𝟏𝟐 𝟐𝟎 𝟑𝟎 𝟒𝟐

𝑻𝟏 = 𝟎
𝑻𝟐 = 𝟐 = (𝟎 + 𝟐 × 𝟏)
𝑻𝟑 = 𝟔 = (𝟎 + 𝟑 × 𝟐)
𝑻𝟒 = 𝟏𝟐 = (𝟎 + 𝟒 × 𝟑)
𝑻𝟓 = 𝟐𝟎 = (𝟎 + 𝟓 × 𝟒)

𝒏𝐭𝐡 term = 𝒏(𝒏 − 𝟏)


= 𝒏𝟐 − 𝒏

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


18 Updated: August 1, 2021
The first four terms in a sequence of numbers 𝑻𝟏 , 𝑻𝟐 , 𝑻𝟑 , 𝑻𝟒 , … are given below

𝑻𝟏 = 𝟑𝟎 + 𝟏 + 𝟐𝟐 = 𝟔
𝑻𝟐 = 𝟑𝟏 + 𝟒 + 𝟑𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔
𝑻𝟑 = 𝟑𝟐 + 𝟕 + 𝟒𝟐 = 𝟑𝟐
𝑻𝟒 = 𝟑𝟑 + 𝟏𝟎 + 𝟓𝟐 = 𝟔𝟐

(a) Write down an expression for 𝑻𝟓 and show that 𝑻𝟓 = 𝟏𝟑𝟎


(b) Write down the value of 𝑻𝟔
(c) Find an expression, in terms of 𝒏, for the 𝒏th term 𝑻𝒏 of the sequence
(d) Show that

𝑻𝒏3𝟏 − 𝑻𝒏 = 𝟐(𝟑𝒏$𝟏 + 𝒏 + 𝟑)

[S4 CHS P2/2012 PRELIM Qn 5]

Do note that the original presented question had an error! The above is the correct question

Solution

(a) 𝑻𝟓 = 𝟑𝟒 + 𝟏𝟑 + 𝟔𝟐 = 𝟏𝟑𝟎

(b) 𝑻𝟔 = 𝟑𝟓 + 𝟏𝟔 + 𝟕𝟐
= 𝟑𝟎𝟖

(c) 𝑻𝒏 = 𝟑𝒏$𝟏 + [𝟏 + 𝟑(𝒏 − 𝟏)] + (𝒏 + 𝟏)𝟐


= 𝟑𝒏$𝟏 + (𝟑𝒏 − 𝟐) + (𝒏 + 𝟏)𝟐

(d) 𝑻𝒏3𝟏 = 𝟑(𝒏3𝟏)$𝟏 + [𝟑(𝒏 + 𝟏) − 𝟐] + [(𝒏 + 𝟏) + 𝟏]𝟐


= 𝟑𝒏 + 𝟑𝒏 + 𝟏 + 𝒏𝟐 + 𝟒𝒏 + 𝟒
= 𝟑𝒏 + 𝒏𝟐 + 𝟕𝒏 + 𝟓

∴ 𝑻𝒏3𝟏 − 𝑻𝒏 = (𝟑𝒏 + 𝒏𝟐 + 𝟕𝒏 + 𝟓) − [(𝟑𝒏$𝟏 ) + (𝟑𝒏 − 𝟐) + (𝒏𝟐 + 𝟐𝒏 + 𝟏)]


= 𝟑𝒏 − 𝟑𝒏$𝟏 + 𝟐𝒏 + 𝟔
= 𝟑𝒏$𝟏 (𝟑 − 𝟏) + 𝟐𝒏 + 𝟔
= 𝟐(𝟑𝒏$𝟏 + 𝒏 + 𝟑) (𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐰𝐧)

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


19 Updated: August 1, 2021
(a) Simplify the following

𝟖𝒂𝒃 𝟒𝒃𝟐
÷
𝟑 𝟗

(b) Factorise the following completely

𝟑𝟐𝒑𝟐 − 𝟏𝟖𝒒𝟐

[S4 CGSS P1/2012 PRELIM Qn 6]

Solution

(a) To simplify the following,


𝟖𝒂𝒃 𝟒𝒃𝟐 𝟖𝒂𝒃 𝟗
÷ = × 𝟐
𝟑 𝟗 𝟑 𝟒𝒃
𝟕𝟐𝒂𝒃
=
𝟏𝟐𝒃𝟐
𝟔𝒂
=
𝒃

(b) To factorise the following,


𝟑𝟐𝒑𝟐 − 𝟏𝟖𝒒𝟐 = 𝟐(𝟏𝟔𝒑𝟐 − 𝟗𝒒𝟐 )
= 𝟐(𝟒𝒑 − 𝟑𝒒)(𝟒𝒑 + 𝟑𝒒)

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


20 Updated: August 1, 2021
(a) Express 𝒙 in terms of 𝒚, 𝒂 and 𝒃

𝒂(𝒙𝟐 − 𝟖)
𝒚=…
𝒃

(b) Express as a single fraction in its simplest form

𝟏 𝟑

𝒙 − 𝟐 𝟐 + 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟑𝒙𝟐

(c) Given that 𝟑𝒂 − 𝟓𝒃 = 𝒂 + 𝒃, where 𝒃 ≠ 𝟎, evaluate

𝒂𝟐 + 𝟕𝒃𝟐

𝒃𝟐

[S4 CGSS P2/2012 PRELIM Qn 1]

Solution

(a) To make 𝒙 the subject,

𝒂(𝒙𝟐 − 𝟖)
𝒚=…
𝒃

𝒂(𝒙𝟐 − 𝟖)
𝒚𝟐 =
𝒃
𝒚𝟐 𝒃 = 𝒂𝒙𝟐 − 𝟖𝒂
𝒂𝒙𝟐 = 𝒚𝟐 𝒃 + 𝟖𝒂
𝒚𝟐 𝒃 + 𝟖𝒂
𝒙𝟐 =
𝒂

𝒚𝟐 𝒃 + 𝟖𝒂
𝒙 = ±…
𝒂

(b) To express the following as a single fraction,


𝟏 𝟑 𝟏 𝟑
− = +
𝒙 − 𝟐 𝟐 + 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟑𝒙𝟐 𝒙 − 𝟐 (𝒙 − 𝟐)(𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏)
𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏 + 𝟑
=
(𝒙 − 𝟐)(𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏)
𝟑𝒙 + 𝟒
=
(𝒙 − 𝟐)(𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏)

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


21 Updated: August 1, 2021
(c) 𝟑𝒂 − 𝟓𝒃 = 𝒂 + 𝒃
𝒂 = 𝟑𝒃

𝒂𝟐 + 𝟕𝒃𝟐 (𝟑𝒃)𝟐 + 𝟕𝒃𝟐


∴… 𝟐
=…
𝒃 𝒃𝟐

𝟏𝟔𝒃𝟐
=… 𝟐
𝒃

=𝟒

Factorise the following completely


(a)
𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 + (𝒚 − 𝟐)𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙𝒚
(b)
(𝒂 − 𝟏)𝒃𝟐 − 𝒂 − 𝒃

[S4 CHIJ SJC P1/2012 PRELIM Qn 8]

Solution

(a) 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 + (𝒚 − 𝟐)𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙(𝒚 − 𝟐) + (𝒚 − 𝟐)𝟐


𝟐
= A𝒙 − (𝒚 − 𝟐)B
= (𝒙 − 𝒚 + 𝟐)𝟐

(b) (𝒂 − 𝟏)𝒃𝟐 − 𝒂 − 𝒃 = 𝒂𝒃𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐 − 𝒂 − 𝒃


= 𝒂(𝒃𝟐 − 𝟏) − 𝒃(𝒃 + 𝟏)
= 𝒂(𝒃 + 𝟏)(𝒃 − 𝟏) − 𝒃(𝒃 + 𝟏)
= (𝒃 + 𝟏)[𝒂(𝒃 − 𝟏) − 𝒃]

Simplify the following

𝒚(𝟐 − 𝒚)(𝟑 − 𝒚) + 𝒚𝟐 (𝒚 + 𝟏𝟑)


𝒚+𝟏

[S4 MGS P2/2012 PRELIM Qn 1(b)]

Solution

𝒚(𝟐 − 𝒚)(𝟑 − 𝒚) + 𝒚𝟐 (𝒚 + 𝟏𝟑) 𝒚(𝟔 − 𝟓𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟏𝟑𝒚)


=
𝒚+𝟏 𝒚+𝟏
𝟐𝒚(𝒚𝟐 + 𝟒𝒚 + 𝟑)
=
𝒚+𝟏
𝟐𝒚(𝒚 + 𝟑)(𝒚 + 𝟏)
=
𝒚+𝟏
= 𝟐𝒚(𝒚 + 𝟑)

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


22 Updated: August 1, 2021
Topic: Functions & Graphs
Express 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟔 in the form 𝒌(𝒙 + 𝒂)𝟐 + 𝒃 . Hence, sketch the graph of 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟔 ,
indicating clearly the coordinates of the 𝒙-intercepts and 𝑦-intercepts if any

[S4 DHS P1/2011 PRELIM Qn 18(a)]

Solution

𝑥 ; + 2𝑥 − 6 = (𝑥 + 1); − 1 − 6
= (𝑥 + 1); − 7

𝑦 = (𝑥 + 1); − 7

To find the 𝑥-intercepts, 𝑦 = 0


(𝑥 + 1); = 7
𝑥 = −1 ± √7

To find the 𝑦-intercepts, 𝑥 = 0


𝑦 = (1); − 7
= −6

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


23 Updated: August 1, 2021
The point (𝟏, 𝟏) is marked on each diagram in the answer space. On these diagrams, sketch the
graphs of
(a)

𝒚 = 𝒙𝟑 + 𝟏

(b)

𝟐
𝒚=
𝒙

[S4 DHS P1/2011 PRELIM Qn 18(b)]

Solution

(a)

−𝟏

(b)
(c)

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


24 Updated: August 1, 2021
Answer the whole of this question on a sheet of graph paper

The variables 𝒙 and 𝒚 are connected by the equation

𝒚 = 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟏

Some of the corresponding values of 𝑥 and 𝑦 are given in the following table

𝒙 −𝟐. 𝟎 −𝟏. 𝟓 −𝟏. 𝟎 −𝟎. 𝟓 𝟎 𝟎. 𝟓 𝟏. 𝟎 𝟏. 𝟓 𝟐. 𝟎


𝒚 𝟑. 𝟎 𝟓. 𝟐 𝟓. 𝟎 𝟑. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟎 −𝟏. 𝟒 −𝟑. 𝟎 −𝟑. 𝟏 𝒑

(a) Find the value of 𝒑


(b) Using the scale of 𝟒 𝐜𝐦 to 𝟏 unit, draw a horizontal 𝒙-axis for −𝟐 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟐
Using the scale of 𝟐 𝐜𝐦 to 𝟏 unit, draw a vertical 𝒚-axis for −𝟒 ≤ 𝒚 ≤ 𝟔
On your axis, plot the points given in the table and join them with a smooth curve
(c) Use your graph to find the solutions of

𝒙𝟑 − 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟏 = 𝟒

(d) By drawing a tangent, find the gradient at the point (𝟏, −𝟑)
(e) By drawing a suitable line on your graph, solve the equation

𝒙𝟑 − 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑 = 𝟎

[S4 BVSS P2/2012 PRELIM Qn 7]

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


25 Updated: August 1, 2021
Topic: Equations & Inequalities
𝒂±√𝒃
Solve the following equation, leaving your answer in the form , where 𝒂, 𝒃 and 𝒄 are integers
𝒄
to be found

𝟏 𝒙+𝟒
=
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑 𝟔

[S4 DSS P1/2011 PRELIM Qn 3]

Solution

𝟏 𝒙+𝟒
=
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑 𝟔
(𝒙 + 𝟒)(𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑) = 𝟔
𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟏𝒙 + 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟔
𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟏𝒙 + 𝟔 = 𝟎
−(𝟏𝟏) ± Ž(𝟏𝟏)𝟐 − 𝟒(𝟐)(𝟔)
𝒙=
𝟐(𝟐)
−𝟏𝟏 ± √𝟕𝟑
=
𝟒

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


26 Updated: August 1, 2021
Solve the inequality, representing your solution clearly on a number line

𝒙 𝟑−𝒙
−𝟏 ≤ − <𝟐
𝟓 𝟕

[S4 TKGS P2/2011 PRELIM Qn 5(a) (Modified)]

Solution

𝒙 𝟑−𝒙 𝒙 𝟑−𝒙
−𝟏 ≤ − 𝐚𝐧𝐝 − <𝟐
𝟓 𝟕 𝟓 𝟕

𝒙 𝟑−𝒙
−𝟏 ≤ −
𝟓 𝟕
−𝟑𝟓 ≤ 𝟕𝒙 − 𝟓(𝟑 − 𝒙)
−𝟑𝟓 ≤ 𝟕𝒙 − 𝟏𝟓 + 𝟓𝒙
𝟏𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏𝟓 ≥ −𝟑𝟓
𝟏𝟐𝒙 ≥ −𝟐𝟎
𝟐
𝒙 ≥ −𝟏
𝟑

𝒙 𝟑−𝒙
− <𝟐
𝟓 𝟕
𝟕𝒙 − 𝟓(𝟑 − 𝒙) < 𝟕𝟎
𝟕𝒙 − 𝟏𝟓 + 𝟓𝒙 < 𝟕𝟎
𝟏𝟐𝒙 < 𝟖𝟓
𝟏
𝒙<𝟕
𝟏𝟐

𝟐 𝟏
∴ −𝟏 ≤𝒙<𝟕
𝟑 𝟏𝟐

𝒙
𝟐 𝟏
−𝟏 𝟕
𝟑 𝟏𝟐

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


27 Updated: August 1, 2021
(a) Express 𝒚 = 𝟐(𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟒. 𝟓) in the form 𝒚 = 𝟐(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + 𝒌 where 𝒉 and 𝒌 are integers
(b) Write down the value of 𝒙 for which the minimum value of 𝒚 will occur
(c) Make 𝒙 the subject of the equation

[S4 TKGS P2/2011 PRELIM Qn 5(b)]

Solution

(a) 𝒚 = 𝟐(𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟒. 𝟓)
= 𝟐[(𝒙 − 𝟏)𝟐 − 𝟏 + 𝟒. 𝟓]
= 𝟐(𝒙 − 𝟏)𝟐 + 𝟕

(b) When the minimum value of 𝒚 occurs, 𝒙 = 𝟏

(c) 𝒚 = 𝟐(𝒙 − 𝟏)𝟐 + 𝟕


𝒚−𝟐
(𝒙 − 𝟏)𝟐 =
𝟕

𝒚−𝟐
𝒙=𝟏±…
𝟕

Solve the following equation

𝟕𝒙 − 𝟒 𝟏 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟖 𝟕 + 𝒙
− = −
𝟏𝟓𝒙 𝟑 𝟓𝒙𝟐 𝟏𝟎𝒙

[S4 XMSS P2/2011 PRELIM Qn 4(b)]

Solution

𝟕𝒙 − 𝟒 𝟏 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟖 𝟕 + 𝒙
− = −
𝟏𝟓𝒙 𝟑 𝟓𝒙𝟐 𝟏𝟎𝒙
𝟕𝒙 − 𝟒 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟖 𝟕 + 𝒙 𝟏
− + =
𝟏𝟓𝒙 𝟓𝒙𝟐 𝟏𝟎𝒙 𝟑
𝟏𝟎𝒙(𝟕𝒙 − 𝟒) − 𝟑𝟎(𝟑𝒙 + 𝟖) + 𝟏𝟓𝒙(𝟕 + 𝒙) 𝟏
=
𝟏𝟓𝟎𝒙𝟐 𝟑
𝟕𝟎𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝟎𝒙 − 𝟗𝟎𝒙 − 𝟐𝟒𝟎 + 𝟏𝟎𝟓𝒙 + 𝟏𝟓𝒙𝟐 = 𝟓𝟎𝒙𝟐
𝟑𝟓𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝟓𝒙 − 𝟐𝟒𝟎 = 𝟎
𝟕𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟒𝟖 = 𝟎 𝒙 −𝟑 −𝟐𝟏𝒙
(𝒙 − 𝟑)(𝟕𝒙 + 𝟏𝟔) = 𝟎
𝟕𝒙 𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟔𝒙
𝟐
𝒙=𝟑 𝐨𝐫 𝒙 = −𝟐
𝟕
𝟕𝒙𝟐 −𝟒𝟖 −𝟓𝒙

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


28 Updated: August 1, 2021
Solve the following simultaneous equations

𝟒𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟖
𝟔𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟏

[S4 BVSS P1/2012 PRELIM Qn 12]

Solution

𝟒𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟖 … … … (𝟏)
𝟔𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟏 … … … (𝟐)

From Equation (𝟐),


𝒚 = 𝟏 − 𝟔𝒙 … … … (𝟑)

Substitute Equation (𝟑) into Equation (𝟏),


𝟒𝒙 − 𝟑(𝟏 − 𝟔𝒙) = 𝟖
𝟒𝒙 − 𝟑 + 𝟏𝟖𝒙 = 𝟖
𝟐𝟐𝒙 = 𝟏𝟏
𝟏
𝒙=
𝟐

𝟏
𝐒𝐮𝐛𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐭𝐮𝐭𝐞 𝒙 = 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐄𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 (𝟑),
𝟐
𝟏
𝒚 = 𝟏 − 𝟔4 5
𝟐
= −𝟐

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


29 Updated: August 1, 2021
One solution of 𝟓𝒙𝟐 − 𝒑𝒙 + 𝟒𝟎 = 𝟎 is 𝒙 = 𝟐. Find
(a) the value of 𝒑
(b) the other solution of the equation

[S4 SSS P1/2012 PRELIM Qn 16(a)]

Solution

(a) Since one of the solution is 𝒙 = 𝟐


𝟓(𝟐)𝟐 − 𝒑(𝟐) + 𝟒𝟎 = 𝟎
−𝟐𝒑 = −𝟔𝟎
𝒑 = 𝟑𝟎

(b) To find the other solution,


𝟓𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑𝟎𝒙 + 𝟒𝟎 = 𝟎 𝒙 −𝟐 −𝟐𝒙
𝒙𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟖 = 𝟎
(𝒙 − 𝟐)(𝒙 − 𝟒) = 𝟎 𝒙 −𝟒 −𝟒𝒙

𝒙=𝟐 𝐨𝐫 𝒙=𝟒
𝒙𝟐 𝟖 −𝟔𝒙

Hence, the other solution is 𝒙 = 𝟒

Given that 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 − 𝟒 = 𝟎. Without solving for 𝒙, find the value of 𝒙𝟑 + 𝟓𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟔

[S4 CGS P1/2016 PRELIM Qn 10]

Solution

𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙 = 𝟒
𝒙𝟐 = 𝟒 − 𝒙

𝒙𝟑 + 𝟓𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟔 = 𝒙(𝒙𝟐 ) + 𝟓(𝒙𝟐 ) + 𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟔


= 𝒙(𝟒 − 𝒙) + 𝟓(𝟒 − 𝒙) + 𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟔
= 𝟒𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝟎 − 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟔
= −(𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙) + 𝟐𝟎𝟑𝟔
= −𝟒 + 𝟐𝟎𝟑𝟔
= 𝟐𝟎𝟑𝟐

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


30 Updated: August 1, 2021
Topic: Set Language & Notation
On the Venn diagram shown below, shade the set of

(𝑨 ∪ 𝑩′) ∩ 𝑪

𝝃 𝑨

𝑩 𝑪

[S4 DHS P1/2011 PRELIM Qn 13(a)]

Solution

𝝃
𝑨

𝑩 𝑪

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


31 Updated: August 1, 2021
Given the following sets

𝝃 = {𝒙: 𝒙 𝐢𝐬 𝐚𝐧 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐠𝐞𝐫 𝐬𝐮𝐜𝐡 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟏𝟎}


𝑨 = {𝒙: 𝒙 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐞 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫}
𝑩 = {𝒙: 𝒙 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐟𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐬𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐫𝐞}
𝑪 = {𝒙: 𝒙 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝟑𝟔}

(a) Find 𝒏(𝑩′)


(b) List the element(s) of the set (𝑨 ∩ 𝑪)
(c) Which of the following is not a subset of (𝑩 ∩ 𝑪)

{ }, {𝟏}, {𝟏, 𝟒, 𝟗}, {𝟎, 𝟗}

[S4 DHS P1/2011 PRELIM Qn 13(b)]

Solution

𝝃 = {𝟎, 𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟒, 𝟓, 𝟔, 𝟕, 𝟖, 𝟗, 𝟏𝟎}
𝑨 = {𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟓, 𝟕}
𝑩 = {𝟎, 𝟏, 𝟒, 𝟗}
𝑪 = {𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟒, 𝟔}

(a) 𝑩< = {𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟓, 𝟔, 𝟕, 𝟖, 𝟏𝟎}


𝒏(𝑩′) = 𝟕

(b) 𝑨 ∩ 𝑪 = {𝟐, 𝟑}

(c) {𝟎, 𝟗}

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


32 Updated: August 1, 2021
On the Venn diagram, shade the set of

𝑨′ ∩ (𝑪′ ∩ 𝑩)

𝝃
𝑩
𝑨
𝑪

[S4 ANDSS P1/2012 PRELIM Qn 4(a)]

Solution

𝝃
𝑩
𝑨

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


33 Updated: August 1, 2021
Given the following sets

𝝃 = {𝒙: 𝒙 𝐢𝐬 𝐚𝐧 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐠𝐞𝐫 𝐬𝐮𝐜𝐡 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝟏 ≤ 𝒙 < 𝟏𝟑}


𝑨 = {𝒙: 𝒙 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐞 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫}
𝑩 = {𝒙: 𝒙 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝟐𝟒}
𝑪 = {𝒙: 𝒙 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐫𝐨𝐨𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙 = 𝟎}

(a) List the elements in the set

𝑨∩𝑪

(b) Find the value of

𝒏(𝑨 ∪ 𝑩′)

[S4 ANDSS P1/2012 PRELIM Qn 4(b)]

Solution

𝝃 = {𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟒, 𝟓, 𝟔, 𝟕, 𝟖, 𝟗, 𝟏𝟎, 𝟏𝟏, 𝟏𝟐}


𝑨 = {𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟓, 𝟕, 𝟏𝟏}
𝑩 = {𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟒, 𝟔, 𝟖, 𝟏𝟐}

𝒙𝟑 − 𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙 = 𝟎
𝒙(𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟑) = 𝟎
𝒙(𝒙 − 𝟑)(𝒙 − 𝟏) = 𝟎
𝒙=𝟎 𝐨𝐫 𝒙=𝟏 𝐨𝐫 𝒙=𝟑

𝑪 = {𝟎, 𝟏, 𝟑}

(a) 𝑨 ∩ 𝑪 = {𝟑}

(b) 𝑩< = {𝟓, 𝟕, 𝟗, 𝟏𝟎, 𝟏𝟏}


𝑨 ∪ 𝑩< = {𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟓, 𝟕, 𝟗, 𝟏𝟎, 𝟏𝟏}

𝒏(𝑨 ∪ 𝑩′) = 𝟕

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


34 Updated: August 1, 2021
Topic: Matrices
A drink distributor delivers Soy drink, Green Tea and Root Beer to 3 coffee shops. Shop 𝑿 receives
𝟏𝟎 cartons of Soy drink, 𝟏𝟓 cartons of Green Tea and no Root Beer. Shop 𝒀 receives 𝟔 cartons of Soy
drink, 𝟐𝟎 cartons of Green Tea and 𝟐 cartons of Root Beer. Shop 𝒁 receives 𝟖 cartons of Soy drink,
𝟏𝟎 cartons of Green Tea and 𝟓 cartons of Root Beer. The cost per carton is $𝟔. 𝟎𝟎 for Soy drink, $𝟖. 𝟎𝟎
for Green Tea and $𝟗. 𝟎𝟎 for Root Beer
(a) Write down 𝟐 matrices only such that the element of their product under matrix multiplication
gives the total amount of drinks delivered to each shop.
(b) Evaluate this product
(c) Shop 𝑿 received 𝟏𝟎 such deliveries, Shop 𝒀 𝟏𝟓 such deliveries and Shop 𝒁 𝟐𝟎 deliveries. Use
matrix multiplications to find the total amount that the distributor collected from the 𝟑 shops

[S4 BPGHS P2/2012 PRELIM Qn 5]

Solution

(a) Let the drink distribution to the shops be matrix 𝑨, the cost per carton be matrix 𝑩
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟓 𝟎 𝟔
𝑨 = œ 𝟔 𝟐𝟎 𝟐• , 𝑩 = œ𝟖•
𝟖 𝟏𝟎 𝟓 𝟗

(b) To find the product,


𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟓 𝟎 𝟔
𝑨𝑩 = œ 𝟔 𝟐𝟎 𝟐• œ𝟖•
𝟖 𝟏𝟎 𝟓 𝟗
𝟏𝟎(𝟔) + 𝟏𝟓(𝟖) + 𝟎(𝟗)
= C 𝟔(𝟔) + 𝟐𝟎(𝟖) + 𝟐(𝟗) E
𝟖(𝟔) + 𝟏𝟎(𝟖) + 𝟓(𝟗)
𝟏𝟖𝟎
= œ𝟐𝟏𝟒•
𝟏𝟕𝟑

(c) Let the number of deliveries be matrix 𝑪


𝟏𝟎 𝟎 𝟎
𝑪 = œ 𝟎 𝟏𝟓 𝟎 •
𝟎 𝟎 𝟐𝟎

𝟏𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏𝟖𝟎
∴ 𝑪𝑨 = œ 𝟎 𝟏𝟓 𝟎 • œ𝟐𝟏𝟒•
𝟎 𝟎 𝟐𝟎 𝟏𝟕𝟑
𝟏𝟎(𝟏𝟖𝟎)
= C𝟏𝟓(𝟐𝟏𝟒)E
𝟐𝟎(𝟏𝟕𝟑)
𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟎
= œ𝟑𝟐𝟏𝟎•
𝟑𝟒𝟔𝟎

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


35 Updated: August 1, 2021
A shop sells mango cakes and durian cakes in small, medium and large sizes. The number of each
type of cakes that was sold on a particular day are shown in the following table

Mango Durian
Small 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟐
Medium 𝟖 𝟕
Large 𝟓 𝟔

The prices of each small, medium and large cakes are $𝟖, $𝟏𝟐 and $𝟐𝟎 respectively and the following
matrix is used to represent this information

𝑴 = (𝟖 𝟏𝟐 𝟐𝟎)

(a) Represent the information in the table above by a matrix 𝑵


(b) Evaluate 𝑷, if 𝑷 = 𝑴𝑵
(c) Interpret the elements in 𝑷
(d) Write down three matrices whose product would give the total amount of money collected by
the shop on a particular day
(e) Find this product

[S4 CGS P1/2012 PRELIM Qn 11]

Solution

(a) To find matrix 𝑵,


𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟐
𝑵=œ𝟖 𝟕•
𝟓 𝟔

(b) To find matrix 𝑷,


𝑷 = 𝑴𝑵
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟐
= (𝟖 𝟏𝟐 𝟐𝟎) œ 𝟖 𝟕•
𝟓 𝟔
= (𝟖(𝟏𝟎) + 𝟏𝟐(𝟖) + 𝟐𝟎(𝟓) 𝟖(𝟏𝟐) + 𝟏𝟐(𝟕) + 𝟐𝟎(𝟔))
= (𝟐𝟕𝟔 𝟑𝟎𝟎)

(c) The element in 𝑷 represent the sale from selling mango cake and durian cake
respectively

(d) The three matrices are:


𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟐
𝟏
(𝟖 𝟏𝟐 𝟐𝟎), œ𝟖 𝟕 •, u v
𝟏
𝟓 𝟔

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


36 Updated: August 1, 2021
(e) To find the product,
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟐
(𝟖 𝟏𝟐 𝟐𝟎) œ 𝟖 𝟏 𝟏
𝟕 • u v = (𝟐𝟕𝟔 𝟑𝟎𝟎) u v
𝟏 𝟏
𝟓 𝟔
= (𝟓𝟕𝟔)

Hence, the total amount collected is $𝟓𝟕𝟔

Lisa and Nancy wanted to surprise their parents by buying them a present for their 𝟏𝟓𝐭𝐡 wedding
anniversary. Every day, they saved the balance of their pocket money in their piggy banks. After 𝟑
months, they opened their piggy banks to count how much they have saved. The number of coins
they have saved is given in the table below

50 cents 20 cents 10 cents


Lisa 𝟑𝟎 𝟑𝟓 𝟒𝟎
Nancy 𝟐𝟒 𝟒𝟎 𝟓𝟎

(a) Write a matrix 𝑺 of order 𝟐 × 𝟑 to represent the above data


(b) (i) Write a matrix 𝑻 to represent the denomination of the coins such that 𝑺𝑻 exists
(ii) Hence, evaluate 𝑺𝑻
(iii) Explain the significance of 𝑺𝑻
(c) If the girls have planned a budget of $𝟓𝟎 for the gift, using matrix multiplication, determine if
they can achieve this target. Explain your reasons

[S4 HIHS P1/2015 PRELIM Qn 22]

Solution

(a) To find matrix 𝑺,


𝟑𝟎 𝟑𝟓 𝟒𝟎
𝑺=u v
𝟐𝟒 𝟒𝟎 𝟓𝟎

(b) (i) To find 𝑻,


𝟓𝟎
𝑻 = œ𝟐𝟎•
𝟏𝟎

(ii) To find the product,


𝟓𝟎
𝟑𝟎 𝟑𝟓 𝟒𝟎
𝑺𝑻 = u v œ𝟐𝟎•
𝟐𝟒 𝟒𝟎 𝟓𝟎
𝟏𝟎
𝟑𝟎(𝟓𝟎) + 𝟑𝟓(𝟐𝟎) + 𝟒𝟎(𝟏𝟎)
=4 5
𝟐𝟒(𝟓𝟎) + 𝟒𝟎(𝟐𝟎) + 𝟓𝟎(𝟏𝟎)
𝟐𝟔𝟎𝟎
=u v
𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎

(iii) It is the total amount of money, in cents, saved by each girl in 𝟑 months

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


37 Updated: August 1, 2021
(c) Let 𝑴 = (𝟏 𝟏)
Total amount saved by both girls = 𝑴𝑺𝑻
𝟐𝟔𝟎𝟎
= (𝟏 𝟏) u v
𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎
= (𝟓𝟏𝟎𝟎)

The girls can achieve this target as they saved a total of $𝟓𝟏

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


38 Updated: August 1, 2021
Topic: Problems in Real-World Context
Mr Goh bought a home entertainment system during the Year-End Sale on hire purchase. He paid a
deposit of 𝟐𝟎% of the selling price. The balance of the payment was $𝟖𝟎𝟎𝟎
(a) Calculate the selling price of the system
(b) Mr Goh paid the balance of the payment in monthly instalments of $𝟑𝟖𝟎, charged at 𝒙% per
annum simple interest for 𝟐 years. Find the value of 𝒙
(c) Mr Goh could have taken a loan to pay the outstanding balance. If the finance company charged
him a compound interest of 𝟔. 𝟓% per annum with repayment period of 𝟐 𝐲𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐬, would you
recommend that he takes up the loan instead of paying in instalments? State your reason clearly

[S4 CGSS P2/2011 PRELIM Qn 2]

Solution

(a) Since he paid 𝟐𝟎% and the balance is $𝟖𝟎𝟎𝟎,


$𝟖 𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐒𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐞 = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎%
𝟖𝟎
= $𝟏𝟎 𝟎𝟎𝟎

(b) Interest = $𝟑𝟖𝟎(𝟐𝟒) − $𝟖𝟎𝟎𝟎


= $𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟎

Since the balance was settled via simple interest,


𝑷𝑹𝑻
𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐭 =
𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟖𝟎𝟎𝟎(𝒙)(𝟐)
𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟎 =
𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟎(𝟏𝟎𝟎)
𝒙=
𝟐(𝟖𝟎𝟎𝟎)
=𝟕

(c) To find the interest incurred when charging via the compound interest scheme,
𝒓 𝒏
𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐭 = 𝑷 u𝟏 + v −𝑷
𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟔. 𝟓 𝟐
= 𝟖𝟎𝟎𝟎 4𝟏 + 5 − 𝟖𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟎𝟎
= $𝟏𝟎𝟕𝟑. 𝟖𝟎

Yes, I will recommend Mr Goh to take up the loan from the finance company as the
interest is lower. $𝟏𝟎𝟕𝟑. 𝟖𝟎 < $𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟎

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


39 Updated: August 1, 2021
The diagram below shows a container which is made up of a frustum, a cylinder and a hemisphere.
Water is poured into the container to its brim at a constant rate. On the axes below, sketch the graph
showing how the depth of the water in the container varies with time

[S4 CGSS P1/2011 PRELIM Qn 21]

Solution

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


40 Updated: August 1, 2021
Claire plans to go on a holiday trip to Europe during the December holidays. On a certain day, the
rate of exchange between the Australian dollars (AUD) and Euros was 𝟏 𝐀𝐔𝐃 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 𝐄𝐮𝐫𝐨𝐬. On the
same day, the rate of exchange between the Australian dollars (AUD) and Singapore dollars (SGD)
was 𝟏 𝐀𝐔𝐃 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟎 𝐒𝐆𝐃. If Claire decides to exchange 𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝐀𝐔𝐃 that she has left from a previous trip
and an additional 𝟗𝟎𝟎 𝐒𝐆𝐃 for her Europe trip, calculate how many euros will she receive

[S4 NHHS P2/2012 PRELIM Qn 3(a)]

Solution

𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝐀𝐔𝐃 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎 × 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 𝐄𝐮𝐫𝐨𝐬


= 𝟐𝟓𝟓 𝐄𝐮𝐫𝐨𝐬

Since 𝟏 𝐀𝐔𝐃 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟎 𝐒𝐆𝐃,


𝟗𝟎𝟎
𝟗𝟎𝟎 𝐒𝐆𝐃 = 𝐀𝐔𝐃
𝟏. 𝟑𝟎
𝟒
= 𝟔𝟗𝟐 𝐀𝐔𝐃
𝟏𝟑

𝟒 𝟒
𝟔𝟗𝟐 𝐀𝐔𝐃 = 𝟔𝟗𝟐 × 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 𝐄𝐮𝐫𝐨𝐬
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟑
𝟔
= 𝟓𝟖𝟖 𝐄𝐮𝐫𝐨𝐬
𝟏𝟑

𝟔
𝐓𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐚𝐦𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐭 𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐞𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐝 = 𝟐𝟓𝟓 + 𝟓𝟖𝟖
𝟏𝟑
= 𝟖𝟒𝟑. 𝟒𝟔𝟏𝟓𝟑𝟖 …
= 𝟖𝟒𝟑. 𝟒𝟔 𝐄𝐮𝐫𝐨𝐬 (𝟐. 𝐝. 𝐩. )

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


41 Updated: August 1, 2021
Susana visited the Cornex Fair 2012. At the fair, she bought an iSue tablet under a hire purchase
scheme with a down payment of 𝟐𝟎% of the cash price. Repayment of the balance amount will be
made over 𝟐𝟏 months at a flat interest rate of 𝟔% per annum. If the cash price of an iSue tablet is
$𝟏𝟑𝟏𝟎, find
(a) the monthly payment
(b) the total amount Susana would pay under the hire purchase scheme

[S4 NHHS P2/2012 PRELIM Qn 3(b)]

Solution

(a) Balance = $𝟏𝟑𝟏𝟎 × 𝟖𝟎%


= $𝟏𝟎𝟒𝟖

Since the repayment balance amount is charged at a flat interest rate,


𝟐𝟏
𝟏𝟎𝟒𝟖 ¤𝟏 + (𝟎. 𝟎𝟔) u𝟏𝟐v¥
𝐌𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐡𝐥𝐲 𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐚𝐲𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 =
𝟐𝟏
= 𝟓𝟓. 𝟏𝟒𝟒𝟕𝟔𝟏 …
= $𝟓𝟓. 𝟏𝟒 (𝟐. 𝐝. 𝐩. )

(b) To find the total amount paid,


𝟐𝟏
𝐓𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 = $𝟏𝟑𝟏𝟎 × 𝟐𝟎% + $𝟏𝟎𝟒𝟖 ¦𝟏 + (𝟎. 𝟎𝟔) 4 5§
𝟏𝟐
= $𝟏𝟒𝟐𝟎. 𝟎𝟒

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


42 Updated: August 1, 2021
Topic: Angles, Triangles & Polygons
𝑪

𝑩
𝑫
𝒀

𝑨𝑩, 𝑩𝑪 and 𝑪𝑫 are adjacent sides of a regular polygon. Given that ∠𝑪𝑨𝑩 = 𝟕. 𝟓°, calculate
(a) the exterior angle of the polygon
(b) the number of sides of the polygon
(c) ∠𝑨𝒀𝑫

[S4 CGS P1/2011 PRELIM Qn 8]

Solution

(a) Since this is a regular polygon, ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪 is an isosceles triangle


∴ 𝐎𝐛𝐭𝐮𝐬𝐞 ∠𝑨𝑩𝑪 = 𝟕. 𝟓° + 𝟕. 𝟓°
= 𝟏𝟓° (𝐄𝐱𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐫 𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞 𝐢𝐬 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐥 𝐭𝐨 𝐬𝐮𝐦 𝐨𝐟 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐫 𝐨𝐩𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞)

(b) To find the number of sides of the polygon,


𝟑𝟔𝟎°
∴ 𝐍𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐬 =
𝐄𝐱𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐫 𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞
𝟑𝟔𝟎
=
𝟏𝟓
= 𝟐𝟒

(c) Since this is a regular polygon, ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪 and ∆𝑩𝑪𝑫 are isosceles triangles, ∠𝑨𝑪𝑩 = ∠𝑪𝑩𝑫
∴ ∠𝑨𝒀𝑫 = ∠𝑩𝒀𝑪
= 𝟏𝟖𝟎° − 𝟕. 𝟓° − 𝟕. 𝟓°
= 𝟏𝟔𝟓° (𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐲 𝐨𝐩𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞𝐬)

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


43 Updated: August 1, 2021
The diagram above is made up of a square, a regular hexagon and part of a regular 𝒏-sided polygon.
Given that the sides of the square, regular hexagon and the regular 𝒏-sided polygon are of equal
length and vertex 𝑨 is joined to vertex 𝑪, find the value of
(a)
𝒚
(b)
𝒏
(c)
𝑨𝑩
𝑨𝑪

[S4 DHS P1/2011 PRELIM Qn 12]

Solution

(a) To find the value of 𝒚,


(𝒏 − 𝟐) × 𝟏𝟖𝟎°
𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐫 𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞 𝒚 =
𝒏
(𝟔 − 𝟐) × 𝟏𝟖𝟎°
=
𝟔
= 𝟏𝟐𝟎°

∴ 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎

(b) To find the value of 𝒏,


𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐫 𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝒏 − 𝐬𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐨𝐥𝐲𝐠𝐨𝐧 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎° − 𝟗𝟎° − 𝟏𝟐𝟎°
= 𝟏𝟓𝟎° (𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐭 𝐚 𝐩𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐭)
(𝒏 − 𝟐) × 𝟏𝟖𝟎
∴ 𝟏𝟓𝟎 =
𝒏
𝟏𝟓𝟎𝒏 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎𝒏 − 𝟑𝟔𝟎
𝟑𝟎𝒏 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎
𝒏 = 𝟏𝟐

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


44 Updated: August 1, 2021
(c) To find this ratio, we need to find all the angles in ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪
∠𝑨𝑩𝑪 = 𝟏𝟓𝟎° (𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐫 𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝒏 − 𝐬𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐨𝐥𝐲𝐠𝐨𝐧)

Since this is a regular 𝒏-sided polygon, ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪 is an isosceles triangle


𝟏𝟖𝟎° − 𝟏𝟓𝟎°
∠𝑩𝑪𝑨 =
𝟐
= 𝟏𝟓° (𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐚𝐧 𝐢𝐬𝐨𝐬𝐜𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞)

Hence, to find the ratio, we shall use sine rule


𝐬𝐢𝐧 ∠𝑨𝑩𝑪 𝐬𝐢𝐧 ∠𝑩𝑪𝑨
=
𝑨𝑪 𝑨𝑩
𝑨𝑩 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏𝟓°
=
𝑨𝑪 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏𝟓𝟎°
= 𝟎. 𝟓𝟏𝟕𝟔𝟑𝟖 …
= 𝟎. 𝟓𝟏𝟖 (𝟑. 𝐬. 𝐟. )

(a) Construct a quadrilateral 𝑨𝑩𝑪𝑫 where 𝑨𝑩 = 𝟖 𝐜𝐦, 𝑩𝑪 = 𝑪𝑫 = 𝟖 𝐜𝐦, ∠𝑩𝑨𝑫 = 𝟓𝟎° and ∠𝑨𝑩𝑪 =
𝟏𝟐𝟎°
(b) Construct the perpendicular bisector of 𝑨𝑩
(c) Construct the perpendicular bisector of ∠𝑫𝑨𝑩
(d) Mark, as clearly as possible point 𝑷, inside the quadrilateral which is equidistant from 𝑨𝑫 and
𝑨𝑩, and is nearer to 𝑨 than 𝑩

[S4 CGSS P1/2012 PRELIM Qn 21]

Solution

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


45 Updated: August 1, 2021
Topic: Congruency and Similarity

𝑨𝑩𝑪𝑫 is a cyclic quadrilateral and the diagonals 𝑨𝑪 and 𝑩𝑫 intersect at 𝑿


(a) Prove, stating your reasons clearly, that ∆𝑨𝑩𝑿 is similar to ∆𝑫𝑪𝑿
(b) Given that 𝑨𝑩 = 𝟓 𝐜𝐦, 𝑪𝑫 = 𝟗 𝐜𝐦 and 𝑩𝑿 = 𝟐 𝐜𝐦, calculate the length of 𝑪𝑿
(c) Calculate, leaving your answer as a fraction, the value of

𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 ∆𝑨𝑩𝑿
𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 ∆𝑫𝑪𝑿

[S4 MGS P1/2011 PRELIM Qn 18]

Solution

(a) ∠𝑨𝑩𝑿 = ∠𝑫𝑪𝑿 (𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐚𝐦𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐠𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭)


∠𝑩𝑨𝑿 = ∠𝑪𝑫𝑿 (𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐚𝐦𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐠𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭)
∠𝑩𝑿𝑨 = ∠𝑪𝑿𝑫 (𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐲 𝐨𝐩𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞𝐬)

∴ By the 𝐀𝐀𝐀 similarity test, ∆𝑨𝑩𝑿 is similar to ∆𝑫𝑪𝑿

(b) From part (a), since ∆𝑨𝑩𝑿 is similar to ∆𝑫𝑪𝑿,


𝑨𝑩 𝑩𝑿 𝑿𝑨
= =
𝑫𝑪 𝑪𝑿 𝑿𝑫

(𝑩𝑿)(𝑫𝑪)
𝑪𝑿 =
(𝑨𝑩)
(𝟐)(𝟗)
=
𝟓
𝟑
=𝟑
𝟓

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


46 Updated: August 1, 2021
(c) To find the value of the fraction,
𝟏
𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 ∆𝑨𝑩𝑿 𝟐 (𝑩𝑿)(𝑿𝑨)(𝐬𝐢𝐧 ∠𝑩𝑿𝑨)
=
𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 ∆𝑫𝑪𝑿 𝟏 (𝑪𝑿)(𝑿𝑫)(𝐬𝐢𝐧 ∠𝑪𝑿𝑫)
𝟐

Since ∠𝑩𝑿𝑨 = ∠𝑪𝑿𝑫 due to vertically opposite angles,


𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 ∆𝑨𝑩𝑿 (𝑩𝑿)(𝑿𝑨)
=
𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 ∆𝑫𝑪𝑿 (𝑪𝑿)(𝑿𝑫)
𝑩𝑿 𝑿𝑨
= ×
𝑪𝑿 𝑿𝑫
𝟓 𝟓
= 4 54 5
𝟗 𝟗
𝟐𝟓
=
𝟖𝟏

The line 𝑩𝑷 produced meets 𝑨𝑫 at 𝑸 and 𝑪𝑫 produced at 𝑹


(a) Show that triangles 𝑨𝑩𝑷 and 𝑪𝑹𝑷 are similar
(b) Name a triangle similar to 𝑹𝑩𝑪
(c) Name 2 triangles that are congruent
(d) Given that 𝟓𝑨𝑷 = 𝟐𝑷𝑪, find
(i)

𝑫𝑹
𝑪𝑹

(ii)

𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 𝑨𝑩𝑷
𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 𝑪𝑹𝑷

(iii)

𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 𝑨𝑩𝑷
𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 𝑷𝑩𝑪

[S4 CGSS P1/2012 PRELIM Qn 16]

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


47 Updated: August 1, 2021
Solution

(a) ∠𝑨𝑷𝑩 = ∠𝑪𝑷𝑹 (𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐲 𝐨𝐩𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞𝐬)


∠𝑨𝑩𝑷 = ∠𝑪𝑹𝑷 (𝐚𝐥𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞𝐬, 𝑨𝑩 ∥ 𝑹𝑪)
∠𝑩𝑨𝑷 = ∠𝑹𝑪𝑷 (𝐚𝐥𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞𝐬, 𝑨𝑩 ∥ 𝑹𝑪)

∴ 𝐁𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐀𝐀𝐀 𝐬𝐢𝐦𝐢𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐭𝐞𝐬𝐭, ∆𝑨𝑩𝑷 𝐚𝐧𝐝 ∆𝑪𝑹𝑷 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐬𝐢𝐦𝐢𝐥𝐚𝐫

(b) ∆𝑹𝑸𝑫 or ∆𝑩𝑸𝑨

(c) ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪 and ∆𝑪𝑫𝑨

(d) (i) To find the ratio, since ∆𝑨𝑩𝑷 𝐚𝐧𝐝 ∆𝑪𝑹𝑷 are similar,
𝑨𝑩 𝑩𝑷 𝑨𝑷 𝟐
= = =
𝑪𝑹 𝑹𝑷 𝑪𝑷 𝟓

Due to ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪 𝐚𝐧𝐝 ∆𝑪𝑫𝑨 being congruent, 𝑨𝑩 = 𝑪𝑫 = 𝟐

𝑪𝑫 𝑪𝑹 − 𝑪𝑫
∴ =
𝑪𝑹 𝑪𝑹
𝟑
=
𝟓

(ii) To find the ratio, since ∆𝑨𝑩𝑷 𝐚𝐧𝐝 ∆𝑪𝑹𝑷 are similar,
𝟏
𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 ∆𝑨𝑩𝑷 𝟐 (𝑨𝑷)(𝑩𝑷)(𝐬𝐢𝐧 ∠𝑨𝑷𝑩)
=
𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 ∆𝑪𝑹𝑷 𝟏 (𝑪𝑷)(𝑹𝑷)(𝐬𝐢𝐧 ∠𝑪𝑷𝑹)
𝟐

Since ∠𝑨𝑷𝑩 = ∠𝑪𝑷𝑹 (𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐲 𝐨𝐩𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞𝐬),


𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 ∆𝑨𝑩𝑷 (𝑨𝑷)(𝑩𝑷)
=
𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 ∆𝑪𝑹𝑷 (𝑪𝑷)(𝑹𝑷)
𝑨𝑷 𝑩𝑷
=4 54 5
𝑪𝑷 𝑹𝑷
𝟒
=
𝟐𝟓

(iii) To find the ratio,


𝟏
𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 ∆𝑨𝑩𝑷 𝟐 (𝑨𝑷)(𝑩𝑷)
=
𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 ∆𝑷𝑩𝑪 𝟏 (𝑪𝑷)(𝑩𝑷)
𝟐
𝑨𝑷
=
𝑪𝑷
𝟐
=
𝟓

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


48 Updated: August 1, 2021
Two fish tanks are similar in every aspect. The perimeter of the larger tank is three times that of the
smaller tank.
(a) Write down the numerical ratio of the surface area of the smaller tank to that of the larger tank
(b) Given that the larger tank contain a maximum of 10.8 litres of water, find the maximum amount
of water that the smaller tank can contain

[S4 CCHS(Y) P1/2012 PRELIM Qn 11]

Solution

(a) Since the two fish tanks are similar, let 𝑨𝟏 be the surface area of the smaller tank, 𝑨𝟐
be the surface area of the larger tank
𝑨𝟏 𝒍𝟏 𝟐
=4 5
𝑨𝟐 𝒍𝟐
𝟏 𝟐
=4 5
𝟑
𝟏
=
𝟗

(b) Since the two fish tanks are similar, let 𝑽𝟏 be the volume of the smaller tank, 𝑽𝟐 be
the volume of the larger tank
𝑽𝟏 (𝒍𝟏 )𝟑
=
𝑽𝟐 (𝒍𝟐 )𝟑
𝑽𝟏 (𝟏)𝟑
=
𝟏𝟎. 𝟖 (𝟑)𝟑
𝑽𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟒 𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐬

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


49 Updated: August 1, 2021
The diagram above shows a solid pyramid which is cut horizontally into 𝟒 portions of equal height
(a) If the base area of 𝑨 is 𝟏𝟑 𝐜𝐦𝟐 , find the shaded base area of portion 𝑪
(b) If the volume of portion 𝑪 is 𝟒𝟕. 𝟓 𝐜𝐦𝟑 , find the volume of the whole pyramid

[S4 CGS P1/2016 PRELIM Qn 8]

Solution

(a) Since the pyramid is cut horizontally, all pyramids in the figure are similar in nature.
Let 𝑨𝟏 be the surface area of the smallest pyramid 𝑨, and let 𝑨𝟐 be the surface area of
the second largest pyramid 𝑪. Let the height of the pyramid be 𝒉
𝑨𝟏 (𝒍𝟏 )𝟐
=
𝑨𝟐 (𝒍𝟐 )𝟐
𝟏 𝟐
𝟏𝟑 u𝟒 𝒉v
=
𝑨𝟐 𝟑 𝟐
u𝟒 𝒉v

𝑨𝟐 = 𝟏𝟏𝟕 𝐜𝐦𝟐

(b) Since the pyramid is cut horizontally, all pyramids in the figure are similar in nature.
Let 𝑽𝟏 be the volume of the portion 𝑪, and let 𝑽𝟐 be the volume of the largest pyramid.
Let the height of the pyramid be 𝒉
𝑽𝟏 (𝒍𝟏 )𝟑
=
𝑽𝟐 (𝒍𝟐 )𝟑
𝟑 𝟑 𝟏 𝟑
𝟒𝟕. 𝟓 u𝟒 𝒉v − u𝟐 𝒉v
=
𝑽𝟐 (𝒉)𝟑
𝟒𝟕. 𝟓 𝟏𝟗
=
𝑽𝟐 𝟔𝟒
𝑽𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔𝟎 𝐜𝐦𝟑

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


50 Updated: August 1, 2021
Topic: Properties of Circles

In the diagram, 𝑻𝑨 and 𝑻𝑩 are tangents to the circle at the points 𝑨 and 𝑩 respectively. 𝑻𝑩𝑺 is a
straight line. The straight lines 𝑨𝑩 and 𝑸𝑷 intersect at 𝒀. ∠𝑸𝑨𝑩 = 𝟐𝟕°, ∠𝑷𝑩𝑻 = ∠𝑷𝑸𝑩 = 𝟒𝟎° and
∠𝑨𝑻𝑩 = 𝟓𝟔°. Calculate and state all reasons clearly,
(a) ∠𝑷𝑨𝒀
(b) ∠𝑸𝑩𝑷
(c) ∠𝑻𝑨𝑷
(d) ∠𝑨𝒀𝑷
(e) ∠𝑨𝑪𝑸

[S4 CGS P2/2011 PRELIM Qn 6]

Solution

(a) ∠𝑷𝑨𝒀 = 𝟒𝟎° (𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐚𝐦𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐠𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭)

(b) ∠𝑸𝑨𝑩 = ∠𝑸𝑷𝑩


= 𝟐𝟕° (𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐚𝐦𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐠𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭)
∠𝑸𝑩𝑷 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎° − 𝟒𝟎° − 𝟐𝟕°
= 𝟏𝟏𝟑° (𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐚 𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞)

(c) Since 𝑻𝑨 and 𝑻𝑩 are extending towards the point 𝑻, 𝑻𝑨 = 𝑻𝑩, ∠𝑨𝑩𝑻 = ∠𝑩𝑨𝑻
𝟏𝟖𝟎° − 𝟓𝟔°
∠𝑩𝑨𝑻 =
𝟐
= 𝟔𝟐° (𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐚𝐧 𝐢𝐬𝐨𝐬𝐜𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞)
∴ ∠𝑻𝑨𝑷 = 𝟔𝟐° − 𝟒𝟎°
= 𝟐𝟐°

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


51 Updated: August 1, 2021
(d) ∠𝑸𝑩𝑨 = ∠𝑸𝑩𝑷 − (∠𝑨𝑩𝑻 − ∠𝑷𝑩𝑻)
= 𝟏𝟏𝟑° − (𝟔𝟐° − 𝟒𝟎°)
= 𝟗𝟏°
∠𝑸𝒀𝑩 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎° − 𝟒𝟎° − 𝟗𝟏°
= 𝟒𝟗° (𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐚 𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞)
∴ ∠𝑨𝒀𝑷 = ∠𝑸𝒀𝑩
= 𝟒𝟗° (𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐲 𝐨𝐩𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞𝐬)

(e) ∠𝑨𝑪𝑸 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎° − ∠𝑸𝑩𝑨


= 𝟏𝟖𝟎° − 𝟗𝟏°
= 𝟖𝟗° (𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐨𝐩𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐠𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬)

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


52 Updated: August 1, 2021
𝑷𝑸𝑹𝑺 is a cyclic quadrilateral. 𝑷𝑹 and 𝑸𝑺 meet at 𝑿. 𝑹𝑺𝑻 touches the circle 𝑿𝑷𝑺 at 𝑺. If ∠𝑹𝑸𝑺 =
𝟔𝟓° and ∠𝑷𝑺𝑻 = 𝟏𝟏𝟎°, find, by stating reasons clearly
(a) ∠𝑹𝑷𝑺
(b) ∠𝑹𝑺𝑿
(c) ∠𝑷𝑸𝑺

[S4 XMSS P2/2011 PRELIM Qn 3(a)]

Solution

(a) ∠𝑹𝑷𝑺 = 𝟔𝟓° (𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐚𝐦𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐠𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭)

(b) ∠𝑷𝑿𝑺 = 𝟏𝟏𝟎° (𝐚𝐥𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐠𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐨𝐫𝐞𝐦, 𝑺 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐩𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐭 𝐭𝐨 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞 𝑿𝑷𝑺)
∠𝑷𝑺𝑿 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎° − 𝟏𝟏𝟎° − 𝟔𝟓°
= 𝟓° (𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐚 𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞)
∠𝑷𝑺𝑹 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎° − 𝟏𝟏𝟎°
= 𝟕𝟎° (𝐬𝐮𝐩𝐩𝐥𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞𝐬)
∴ ∠𝑹𝑺𝑿 = 𝟕𝟎° − 𝟓°
= 𝟔𝟓°

(c) ∠𝑷𝑸𝑺 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎° − 𝟕𝟎° − 𝟔𝟓°


= 𝟒𝟓° (𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐨𝐩𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐠𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭)

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


53 Updated: August 1, 2021
In the diagram, 𝑷, 𝑸, 𝑹 and 𝑺 lie on the bigger circle in which ∠𝑷𝑹𝑸 = 𝟓𝟖° and ∠𝑷𝑸𝑺 = 𝟑𝟐°. 𝑹, 𝑺,
𝑻 and 𝑼 lie on the smaller circle, centre 𝑶, in which ∠𝑹𝑼𝑻 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎° and 𝑻𝑼 = 𝑹𝑼. It is given that
𝑼𝑹𝑸 is a straight line
(a) Find
(i) ∠𝑷𝑹𝑺
(ii) ∠𝑻𝑺𝑹
(iii) ∠𝑹𝑶𝑼
(b) Explain why 𝑸𝑺 is a diameter of the bigger circle
(c) Show that
(i) 𝑹𝑻𝑺 is an equilateral triangle
(ii) 𝑼, 𝑶 and 𝑺 are collinear

[S4 CHS P2/2012 PRELIM Qn 3]

Solution

(a) (i) ∠𝑷𝑹𝑺 = 𝟑𝟐° (𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐚𝐦𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐠𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭)

(ii) ∠𝑻𝑺𝑹 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎° − 𝟏𝟐𝟎°


= 𝟔𝟎° (𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐨𝐩𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐠𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭, 𝑹𝑼𝑻𝑺 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐜𝐲𝐜𝐥𝐢𝐜 𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐝𝐫𝐢𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐥)

(iii) Since 𝑻𝑼 = 𝑹𝑼, ∆𝑹𝑻𝑼 is an isosceles triangle


𝟏𝟖𝟎° − 𝟏𝟐𝟎°
∠𝑹𝑻𝑼 =
𝟐
= 𝟑𝟎° (𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐚𝐧 𝐢𝐬𝐨𝐬𝐜𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞)
∴ ∠𝑹𝑶𝑼 = 𝟐 × 𝟑𝟎°
= 𝟔𝟎° (𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞 𝐚𝐭 𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞 = 𝟐 × 𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞 𝐚𝐭 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐮𝐦𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞)

(b) ∠𝑸𝑹𝑺 = 𝟓𝟖° + 𝟑𝟐°


= 𝟗𝟎° (𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞𝐬)

Since ∠𝑸𝑹𝑺 = 𝟗𝟎°, due to the property of angle in a semicircle, 𝑸𝑺 is a diameter

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


54 Updated: August 1, 2021
(c) (i) ∠𝑻𝑹𝑺 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎° − 𝟗𝟎° − 𝟑𝟎°
= 𝟔𝟎° (𝐬𝐮𝐩𝐩𝐥𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞)
∠𝑹𝑺𝑻 = 𝟔𝟎° A𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭 (𝐚)(𝐢𝐢)B

Since 𝟐 angles in the triangle is 𝟔𝟎°, ∆𝑹𝑻𝑺 is an equilateral triangle

(ii) ∠𝑼𝑹𝑺 = 𝟑𝟎° + 𝟔𝟎°


= 𝟗𝟎° (𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞𝐬)

Since ∠𝑼𝑹𝑺 = 𝟗𝟎°, due to the property of angle in a semicircle, 𝑼𝑺 is a diameter,


𝑼, 𝑶 and 𝑺 are collinear (lie on the same line)

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


55 Updated: August 1, 2021
𝑨𝑩 is a diameter of the circle 𝑨𝑭𝑩𝑪𝑫 with centre 𝑶. 𝑬 is a point on 𝑨𝑩 produced, where 𝑩𝑫 = 𝑩𝑬,
∠𝑩𝑫𝑭 = 𝟓𝟏° and ∠𝑨𝑬𝑫 = 𝟏𝟖°. The straight line 𝑬𝑫 cuts the circle at 𝑪
(a) Find
(i) ∠𝑪𝑭𝑩
(ii) ∠𝑭𝑩𝑪
(iii) ∠𝑫𝑨𝑪
(b) Show that 𝑩𝑫 bisects ∠𝑨𝑩𝑪
(c) A point 𝑷, to be marked on the diagram, lies on the same side of 𝑩𝑪 as 𝑨, so that ∠𝑩𝑷𝑪 = 𝟑𝟔°.
State where 𝑷 will lie. Give a reason for your answer

[S4 MGS P2/2012 PRELIM Qn 7]

Solution

(a) (i) Since 𝑩𝑫 = 𝑩𝑬, ∆𝑩𝑫𝑬 is an isosceles triangle


∠𝑪𝑫𝑩 = 𝟏𝟖° (𝐛𝐚𝐬𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐚𝐧 𝐢𝐬𝐨𝐬𝐜𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞)
∠𝑪𝑭𝑩 = 𝟏𝟖° (𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐚𝐦𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐠𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭)

(ii) ∠𝑭𝑩𝑪 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎° − 𝟓𝟏° − 𝟏𝟖°


= 𝟏𝟏𝟏° (𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐨𝐩𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐠𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭)

(iii) ∠𝑨𝑫𝑩 = 𝟗𝟎° (𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐚 𝐬𝐞𝐦𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞, 𝑨𝑩 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐝𝐢𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫)


∠𝑪𝑨𝑩 = ∠𝑪𝑭𝑩
= 𝟏𝟖° (𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐚𝐦𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐠𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭
∠𝑫𝑩𝑨 = 𝟏𝟖° + 𝟏𝟖°
= 𝟑𝟔° (𝐞𝐱𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐫 𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞 = 𝐬𝐮𝐦 𝐨𝐟 𝐨𝐩𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐫 𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞𝐬)
∠𝑫𝑨𝑪 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎° − 𝟗𝟎° − 𝟏𝟖° − 𝟑𝟔°
= 𝟑𝟔° (𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐚 𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞)

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


56 Updated: August 1, 2021
(b) ∠𝑫𝑩𝑪 = ∠𝑫𝑨𝑪
= 𝟑𝟔° (𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐚𝐦𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐠𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭)

Since ∠𝑫𝑩𝑪 = ∠𝑫𝑩𝑨 = 𝟑𝟔°, this shows the line 𝑫𝑩 cuts ∠𝑨𝑩𝑪 in half, implying that 𝑫𝑩
is an angle bisector of ∠𝑨𝑩𝑪

(c) 𝑷 is on the point 𝑶. This is because of the property angle at centre = 𝟐 × angle at
circumference. ∠𝑩𝑷𝑪 = 𝟑𝟔°, ∠𝑩𝑨𝑪 = 𝟏𝟖°

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


57 Updated: August 1, 2021
Topic: Pythagoras’ Theorem & Trigonometry

𝑬, 𝑭 and 𝑮 are points on level ground as shown in the diagram. 𝑬𝑮 = 𝟏𝟎𝟐. 𝟓 𝐦, 𝑭𝑮 = 𝟖𝟎 𝐦, ∠𝑬𝑭𝑮 =
𝟏𝟏𝟐° and bearing of 𝑭 is 𝟑𝟏𝟐°. A vertical clock tower 𝑮𝑻 stands at 𝑮, a man walks along 𝑬𝑯.
Calculate
(a) (i) the bearing of 𝑭 from 𝑮
(ii) the bearing of 𝑬 from 𝑮
(b) Given further that angle of depression of 𝑭 from 𝑻 is 𝟑𝟓°, find
(i) the height of the clock tower
(ii) The greatest angle of elevation of the top of the clock tower from the man’s view point
and how far he has walked from his starting point 𝑬 to this viewpoint

[S4 CGS P2/2011 PRELIM Qn 8]

Solution

(a) (i) To find the bearing of 𝑭 from 𝑮, we shall draw a North line at 𝑬 and 𝑭

Let the North line at 𝑬 be 𝑵𝟏 and the North line at 𝑭 be 𝑵𝟐


∠𝑭𝑬𝑵𝟏 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎° − 𝟑𝟏𝟐°
= 𝟒𝟖° (𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐚 𝐩𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐭)
∠𝑵𝟐 𝑭𝑬 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎° − 𝟒𝟖°
= 𝟏𝟑𝟐° (𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐫 𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞𝐬, 𝑵𝟏 ∥ 𝑵𝟐 )
∠𝑮𝑭𝑵𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎° − 𝟏𝟏𝟐° − 𝟏𝟑𝟐°
= 𝟏𝟏𝟔° (𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐚 𝐩𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐭)

∴ 𝐁𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐨𝐟 𝑭 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝑮 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎° − 𝟏𝟏𝟔°


= 𝟎𝟔𝟒° (𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐫 𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞𝐬, 𝑵 ∥ 𝑵𝟐 )

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


58 Updated: August 1, 2021
(ii) To find the bearing of 𝑬 from 𝑮, we first find ∠𝑭𝑬𝑮
𝐬𝐢𝐧 ∠𝑭𝑬𝑮 𝐬𝐢𝐧 ∠𝑬𝑭𝑮
=
𝑭𝑮 𝑬𝑮
𝟖𝟎 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏𝟏𝟐°
𝐬𝐢𝐧 ∠𝑭𝑬𝑮 =
𝟏𝟎𝟐. 𝟓
𝟖𝟎 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏𝟏𝟐°
∠𝑭𝑬𝑮 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧$𝟏 4 5
𝟏𝟎𝟐. 𝟓

𝟖𝟎 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏𝟏𝟐°
∴ 𝐁𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐨𝐟 𝑬 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝑮 = 𝟔𝟒° + ¦𝟏𝟖𝟎° − 𝟏𝟏𝟐° − 𝐬𝐢𝐧$𝟏 4 5§
𝟏𝟎𝟐. 𝟓
= 𝟎𝟖𝟓. 𝟔𝟒𝟐𝟖𝟔𝟖 …
= 𝟎𝟖𝟓. 𝟔° (𝟏. 𝐝. 𝐩. )

(b) (i) Since the angle of depression is 𝟑𝟓°,


𝑮𝑻
𝐭𝐚𝐧 ∠𝑮𝑭𝑻 =
𝑭𝑮
𝑮𝑻 = 𝟖𝟎 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟑𝟓°
= 𝟓𝟔. 𝟎𝟏𝟔𝟔𝟎𝟑 …
= 𝟓𝟔. 𝟎 𝐦 (𝟑. 𝐬. 𝐟. )

(ii) To find the greatest angle of elevation, we need to find the perpendicular distance
from 𝑬𝑯 to 𝑮. Let the point from the perpendicular distance of 𝑮 to 𝑬𝑯 be 𝑴
𝑮𝑴
𝐬𝐢𝐧 ∠𝑭𝑬𝑮 =
𝑮𝑬
𝟖𝟎 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏𝟏𝟐°
𝑮𝑴 = 𝟏𝟎𝟐. 𝟓 𝐬𝐢𝐧 ¦𝐬𝐢𝐧$𝟏 4 5§
𝟏𝟎𝟐. 𝟓

To find the greatest angle of elevation,


𝑮𝑻
𝐭𝐚𝐧 ∠𝑮𝑴𝑻 =
𝑮𝑴

𝟖𝟎 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟑𝟓°
∠𝑮𝑴𝑻 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧$𝟏 À Á
𝟖𝟎 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏𝟏𝟐°
𝟏𝟎𝟐. 𝟓 𝐬𝐢𝐧 ¤𝐬𝐢𝐧$𝟏 u v¥
𝟏𝟎𝟐. 𝟓
= 𝟑𝟕. 𝟎𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟓 …
= 𝟑𝟕. 𝟏° (𝟏. 𝐝. 𝐩. )

To find the distance he walked from 𝑬,


𝑴𝑬
𝐜𝐨𝐬 ∠𝑭𝑬𝑮 =
𝑮𝑬
𝟖𝟎 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏𝟏𝟐°
𝑴𝑬 = 𝟏𝟎𝟐. 𝟓 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ¦𝐬𝐢𝐧$𝟏 4 5§
𝟏𝟎𝟐. 𝟓
= 𝟕𝟎. 𝟕𝟒𝟏𝟓𝟏𝟗 …
= 𝟕𝟎. 𝟕 𝐦 (𝟑. 𝐬. 𝐟. )

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


59 Updated: August 1, 2021
A ship sails 𝟖 𝐤𝐦 from 𝑷 to 𝑸 on a bearing of 𝟎𝟑𝟓°. It then sails 𝟓 𝐤𝐦 from 𝑸 to 𝑹 on a bearing of
𝟎𝟕𝟓°
(a) Calculate
(i) ∠𝑷𝑸𝑹
(ii) distance 𝑷𝑹
(iii) the bearing of 𝑹 from 𝑷
(b) The ship finally sails from 𝑹 to a position 𝑻, which is due North of 𝑸. Given that ∠𝑸𝑻𝑹 = 𝟒𝟎°,
calculate
(i) distance 𝑹𝑻
(ii) the shortest distance between the point 𝑸 and the ship as it sails from 𝑹 to 𝑻

[S4 XMSS P2/2011 PRELIM Qn 9]

Solution

(a) (i) Let the North at 𝑷 be 𝑵𝟏 , let the North at 𝑸 be 𝑵𝟐


∠𝑵𝟐 𝑸𝑷 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎° − 𝟑𝟓°
= 𝟏𝟒𝟓° (𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐫 𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞𝐬, 𝑵𝟏 ∥ 𝑵𝟐 )
∠𝑷𝑸𝑹 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎° − 𝟏𝟒𝟓° − 𝟕𝟓°
= 𝟏𝟒𝟎° (𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐚 𝐩𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐭)

(ii) To find 𝑷𝑹, we shall use cosine rule


𝑷𝑹𝟐 = 𝑷𝑸𝟐 + 𝑸𝑹𝟐 − 𝟐(𝑷𝑸)(𝑸𝑹) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ∠𝑷𝑸𝑹

𝑷𝑹 = Ž(𝟖)𝟐 + (𝟓)𝟐 − 𝟐(𝟖)(𝟓) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏𝟒𝟎°


= √𝟖𝟗 − 𝟖𝟎 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏𝟒𝟎°
= 𝟏𝟐. 𝟐𝟓𝟗𝟎𝟏𝟗 …
= 𝟏𝟐. 𝟑 𝐤𝐦 (𝟑. 𝐬. 𝐟. )

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


60 Updated: August 1, 2021
(iii) To find the bearing, we shall use sine rule
𝐬𝐢𝐧 ∠𝑸𝑷𝑹 𝐬𝐢𝐧 ∠𝑷𝑸𝑹
=
𝑸𝑹 𝑷𝑹
𝟓 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏𝟒𝟎°
𝐬𝐢𝐧 ∠𝑸𝑷𝑹 =
√𝟖𝟗 − 𝟖𝟎 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏𝟒𝟎°
𝟓 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏𝟒𝟎°
∠𝑸𝑷𝑹 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧$𝟏 4 5
√𝟖𝟗 − 𝟖𝟎 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏𝟒𝟎°

𝟓 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏𝟒𝟎°
∴ 𝐁𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐨𝐟 𝑹 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝑷 = 𝟑𝟓° + 𝐬𝐢𝐧$𝟏 4 5
√𝟖𝟗 − 𝟖𝟎 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏𝟒𝟎°
= 𝟎𝟓𝟎. 𝟏𝟗𝟖𝟖𝟏𝟕 …
= 𝟎𝟓𝟎. 𝟐° (𝟏. 𝐝. 𝐩. )

(b) (i) To find the distance 𝑹𝑻, we need to use sine rule
𝐬𝐢𝐧 ∠𝑸𝑻𝑹 𝐬𝐢𝐧 ∠𝑹𝑸𝑻
=
𝑸𝑹 𝑹𝑻
𝟓 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟕𝟓°
𝑹𝑻 =
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟒𝟎°
= 𝟕. 𝟓𝟏𝟑𝟓𝟔𝟗 …
= 𝟕. 𝟓𝟏 𝐤𝐦 (𝟑. 𝐬. 𝐟. )

(ii) To find the shortest distance, we first find ∠𝑻𝑹𝑸


∠𝑻𝑹𝑸 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎° − 𝟕𝟓° − 𝟒𝟎°
= 𝟔𝟓° (𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐚 𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞)

𝐒𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞
𝐬𝐢𝐧 ∠𝑻𝑹𝑸 =
𝑸𝑹
𝐒𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 = 𝟓 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟔𝟓°
= 𝟒. 𝟓𝟑𝟏𝟓𝟑𝟖 …
= 𝟒. 𝟓𝟑 𝐤𝐦 (𝟑. 𝐬. 𝐟. )

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


61 Updated: August 1, 2021
The figure shows ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪 with 𝑩𝑪 = 𝒂 𝐜𝐦, 𝑨𝑪 = 𝒃 𝐜𝐦 and 𝑨𝑩 = √𝒂𝟐 − 𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝟐 𝐜𝐦
(a) Find the size of ∠𝑨𝑪𝑩
(b) If 𝑨𝑪 = 𝟐𝑩𝑪, find ∠𝑩𝑨𝑪

[S4 CGS P2/2012 PRELIM Qn 10(a)]

Solution

(a) To find ∠𝑨𝑪𝑩, we shall use cosine rule


𝑨𝑩𝟐 = 𝑨𝑪𝟐 + 𝑪𝑩𝟐 − 𝟐(𝑨𝑪)(𝑪𝑩) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ∠𝑨𝑪𝑩
𝟐
A√𝒂𝟐 − 𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝟐 B − (𝒃)𝟐 − (𝒂)𝟐
𝐜𝐨𝐬 ∠𝑨𝑪𝑩 =
−𝟐(𝒃)(𝒂)
−𝒂𝒃
=
−𝟐𝒂𝒃
𝟏
=
𝟐
𝟏
∴ ∠𝑨𝑪𝑩 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬$𝟏 4 5
𝟐
= 𝟔𝟎°

(b) Since 𝑨𝑪 = 𝟐𝑩𝑪, 𝑨𝑪 = 𝟐𝒂

𝑨𝑩 = Ž𝒂𝟐 − 𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝟐

= Ž𝒂𝟐 − 𝒂(𝟐𝒂) + (𝟐𝒂)𝟐


= √𝟑𝒂

To find ∠𝑩𝑨𝑪, we shall use sine rule


𝐬𝐢𝐧 ∠𝑨𝑪𝑩 𝐬𝐢𝐧 ∠𝑩𝑨𝑪
=
𝑨𝑩 𝑩𝑪
𝒂 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟔𝟎°
𝐬𝐢𝐧 ∠𝑩𝑨𝑪 =
√𝟑𝒂
√𝟑
Â𝟐Ã
=
√𝟑
𝟏
=
𝟐
𝟏
∴ ∠𝑩𝑨𝑪 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧$𝟏 4 5
𝟐
= 𝟑𝟎°

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


62 Updated: August 1, 2021
The diagram shows the cross-section 𝑷𝑸𝑹𝑺 of a rectangular block which has been tilted about the
horizontal edge 𝑾𝑿𝑷𝒀 through 𝑷. 𝑹𝑸𝒀 is a straight line. It is given that 𝑷𝑺 = 𝟓𝟖 𝐜𝐦, 𝑷𝑸 = 𝟑𝟗 𝐜𝐦,
𝑺𝑿 = 𝟑𝟔 𝐜𝐦 and ∠𝑺𝑿𝑷 = 𝟏𝟏𝟎°. Calculate
(a) the length of 𝑷𝑹
(b) ∠𝑺𝑷𝑿
(c) 𝐭𝐚𝐧 ∠𝑺𝑸𝒀
(d) The vertical height of 𝑹 above 𝑾𝑿𝑷

[S4 MGS P1/2012 PRELIM Qn 21]

Solution

(a) To find 𝑷𝑹, we shall use Pythagoras’ Theorem


𝑷𝑹𝟐 = 𝑷𝑺𝟐 + 𝑺𝑹𝟐
𝑷𝑹 = Ž(𝟓𝟖)𝟐 + (𝟑𝟗)𝟐
= √𝟒𝟖𝟖𝟓
= 𝟔𝟗. 𝟖𝟗𝟐𝟕𝟕𝟓 …
= 𝟔𝟗. 𝟗 𝐜𝐦 (𝟑. 𝐬. 𝐟. )

(b) To find ∠𝑺𝑷𝑿, we shall use sine rule


𝐬𝐢𝐧 ∠𝑺𝑷𝑿 𝐬𝐢𝐧 ∠𝑺𝑿𝑷
=
𝑺𝑿 𝑺𝑷
𝟑𝟔 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏𝟏𝟎°
𝐬𝐢𝐧 ∠𝑺𝑷𝑿 =
𝟓𝟖
𝟑𝟔 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏𝟏𝟎°
∠𝑺𝑷𝑿 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧$𝟏 4 5
𝟓𝟖
= 𝟑𝟓. 𝟔𝟕𝟗𝟗𝟖𝟒 …
= 𝟑𝟓. 𝟕° (𝟏. 𝐝. 𝐩. )

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


63 Updated: August 1, 2021
(c) ∠𝑺𝑸𝒀 is an obtuse angle
∴ 𝐭𝐚𝐧 ∠𝑺𝑸𝒀 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧(𝟏𝟖𝟎° − ∠𝑺𝑸𝑹)
= − 𝐭𝐚𝐧 ∠𝑺𝑸𝑹
𝟑𝟗
=−
𝟓𝟖

(d) To find the vertical height of 𝑹 above 𝑾𝑿𝑷, we shall partition the height into 2
segments, the vertical height of 𝑸 and the vertical height of 𝑺 as the vertical height of
𝑹 is made up of these 2 segments
𝐕𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝑹 = 𝐕𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝑸 + 𝐕𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝑺
= 𝟑𝟗 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟏𝟖𝟎° − 𝟗𝟎° − ∠𝑺𝑷𝑿) + 𝟑𝟔 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟏𝟖𝟎° − 𝟏𝟏𝟎°)
𝟑𝟔 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏𝟏𝟎°
= 𝟑𝟗 𝐬𝐢𝐧 ¦𝟗𝟎° − 𝐬𝐢𝐧$𝟏 4 5§ + 𝟑𝟔 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟕𝟎°
𝟓𝟖
= 𝟔𝟓. 𝟓𝟎𝟖𝟏𝟒𝟎 …
= 𝟔𝟓. 𝟓 𝐜𝐦 (𝟑. 𝐬. 𝐟. )

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


64 Updated: August 1, 2021
𝑨𝑩𝑪𝑫𝑬𝑭𝑮𝑯 is a right prism. 𝑨𝑩𝑬𝑭 is a trapezium. 𝑨𝑩 = 𝟐 𝐜𝐦, 𝑨𝑬 = 𝟕 𝐜𝐦, 𝑭𝑮 = 𝟗. 𝟓 𝐜𝐦, 𝑭𝑯 =
𝟏𝟐 𝐜𝐦. Showing your workings clearly, calculate
(a) the angle of elevation of 𝑫 from 𝑭
(b) 𝑬𝑭
(c) ∠𝑩𝑮𝑭
(d) 𝑩𝑯
(e) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ∠𝑩𝑯𝑭

[S4 NHHS P2/2012 PRELIM Qn 10(a)]

Solution

(a) Let the angle of elevation of 𝑫 from 𝑭 be 𝜽


𝟕
𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽 =
𝟏𝟐
𝟕
𝜽 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧$𝟏 4 5
𝟏𝟐
= 𝟑𝟎. 𝟐𝟓𝟔𝟒𝟑𝟕 …
= 𝟑𝟎. 𝟑° (𝟏. 𝐝. 𝐩. )

(b) To find 𝑬𝑭, we shall use Pythagoras’ Theorem


𝑬𝑭𝟐 = 𝑯𝑭𝟐 − 𝑬𝑯𝟐
𝑬𝑭 = Ž(𝟏𝟐)𝟐 − (𝟗. 𝟓)𝟐
= √𝟓𝟑. . 𝟕𝟓
= 𝟕. 𝟑𝟑𝟏𝟒𝟑𝟗 …
= 𝟕. 𝟑𝟑 𝐜𝐦 (𝟑. 𝐬. 𝐟. )

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


65 Updated: August 1, 2021
(c) Let 𝑿 be the point on 𝑬𝑭 that is vertically below 𝑩
𝟐
𝑩𝑭 = Ç(𝟕)𝟐 + A√𝟓𝟑. 𝟕𝟓 − 𝟐B
𝑩𝑭
𝐭𝐚𝐧 ∠𝑩𝑮𝑭 =
𝑭𝑮
𝟐
Ç(𝟕)𝟐 + A√𝟓𝟑. 𝟕𝟓 − 𝟐B
$𝟏 ⎛ ⎞
∠𝑩𝑮𝑭 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧
𝟗. 𝟓
⎝ ⎠
= 𝟒𝟐. 𝟖𝟎𝟔𝟓𝟏𝟗 …
= 𝟒𝟐. 𝟖° (𝟏. 𝐝. 𝐩. )

(d) To find 𝑩𝑯, we shall first find 𝑩𝑫 and use Pythagoras’ Theorem

𝑩𝑫 = Ž(𝟗. 𝟓)𝟐 + (𝟐)𝟐


= √𝟗𝟒. 𝟐𝟓

𝟐
∴ 𝑩𝑯 = Ç(𝟕)𝟐 + A√𝟗𝟒. 𝟐𝟓B

𝟓𝟕𝟑
=…
𝟒

= 𝟏𝟏. 𝟗𝟔𝟖𝟕𝟎𝟗 …
= 𝟏𝟐. 𝟎 𝐜𝐦 (𝟑. 𝐬. 𝐟. )

(e) To find 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ∠𝑩𝑯𝑭, we shall use cosine rule


𝑩𝑭𝟐 = 𝑩𝑯𝟐 + 𝑭𝑯𝟐 − 𝟐(𝑩𝑯)(𝑭𝑯) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ∠𝑩𝑯𝑭
𝟐 𝟐
𝟐 𝟓𝟕𝟑
ÂÇ(𝟕)𝟐 + A√𝟓𝟑. 𝟕𝟓 − 𝟐B Ã − ÂÇ 𝟒 Ã − (𝟏𝟐)𝟐
𝐜𝐨𝐬 ∠𝑩𝑯𝑭 =
𝟓𝟕𝟑
−𝟐 ÂÇ (𝟏𝟐)
𝟒 Ã
= 𝟎. 𝟕𝟑𝟎𝟒𝟔𝟔 …
= 𝟎. 𝟕𝟑𝟎 (𝟑. 𝐬. 𝐟. )

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


66 Updated: August 1, 2021
Topic: Mensuration

The diagram above shows a paper weight in the form of a prism where 𝑨𝑩𝑪𝑫, 𝑨𝑩𝑭𝑬 and 𝑪𝑫𝑬𝑭 are
rectangular faces and 𝑨𝑫𝑬 and 𝑩𝑪𝑭 are triangular faces. 𝑨𝑩 = 𝟔. 𝟓 𝐜𝐦, 𝑨𝑫 = (𝟏𝟐 − 𝟑𝒙) 𝐜𝐦, 𝑨𝑬 =
(𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑. 𝟐) 𝐜𝐦 and ∠𝑫𝑨𝑬 = 𝟑𝟎°
(a) Given that the difference in the area between the rectangle 𝑨𝑩𝑪𝑫 and the triangle 𝑨𝑫𝑬 is
𝟐𝟏. 𝟔 𝐜𝐦𝟐 , form an equation in 𝒙 and show that it reduces to

𝟏𝟓𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝟑𝟏𝒙 + 𝟒𝟔𝟖 = 𝟎

(b) Solve the equation 𝟏𝟓𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝟑𝟏𝒙 + 𝟒𝟔𝟖 = 𝟎


(c) Calculate the volume of the paper weight

[S4 ANDSS P2/2011 PRELIM Qn 3]

Solution

(a) Difference in the area = 𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞 𝑨𝑩𝑪𝑫 − 𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞 𝑨𝑫𝑬
𝟏
𝟐𝟏. 𝟔 = (𝟔. 𝟓)(𝟏𝟐 − 𝟑𝒙) − (𝟏𝟐 − 𝟑𝒙)(𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑. 𝟐) 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟑𝟎°
𝟐
𝟏𝟎𝟖 𝟑𝟗 𝟏 𝟏𝟗𝟐 𝟒𝟖
= 𝟕𝟖 − 𝒙 − 4𝟐𝟒𝒙 + − 𝟔𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙5
𝟓 𝟐 𝟒 𝟓 𝟓
𝟏𝟎𝟖 𝟑𝟗 𝟒𝟖 𝟑 𝟐 𝟏𝟐
= 𝟕𝟖 − 𝒙 − 𝟔𝒙 − + 𝒙 + 𝒙
𝟓 𝟐 𝟓 𝟐 𝟓
𝟑 𝟐 𝟐𝟑𝟏 𝟐𝟑𝟒
𝒙 − 𝒙+ =𝟎
𝟐 𝟏𝟎 𝟓
𝟏𝟓𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝟑𝟏𝒙 + 𝟒𝟔𝟖 = 𝟎 (𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐰𝐧)

(b) To solve this inequality, we use the quadratic formula


−(−𝟐𝟑𝟏) ± Ž(−𝟐𝟑𝟏)𝟐 − 𝟒(𝟏𝟓)(𝟒𝟔𝟖)
𝒙=
𝟐(𝟏𝟓)
𝟐𝟑𝟏 ± √𝟐𝟓𝟐𝟖𝟏
=
𝟑𝟎

𝟐
𝒙 = 𝟏𝟑 𝐨𝐫 𝒙=𝟐
𝟓

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


67 Updated: August 1, 2021
(c) Since we have 𝟐 values of 𝒙, we have to reject one of the value
𝟐
𝒙 = 𝟏𝟑 (𝐫𝐞𝐣 ∵ 𝑩𝑪 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐛𝐞 𝐧𝐞𝐠𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞) 𝐨𝐫 𝒙=𝟐
𝟓

∴ 𝐕𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐩𝐚𝐩𝐞𝐫 𝐰𝐞𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭 = 𝐁𝐚𝐬𝐞 𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐚 × 𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭


𝟏 𝟐 𝟐
= Í Â𝟏𝟐 − 𝟑 4𝟐 5Ã 4𝟐 4𝟐 5 + 𝟑. 𝟐5 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟑𝟎°Î (𝟔. 𝟓)
𝟐 𝟓 𝟓
𝟐
= 𝟔𝟐 𝐜𝐦𝟑
𝟓

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


68 Updated: August 1, 2021
Diagram 𝐈 shows a barn and Diagram 𝐈𝐈 shows the cross-section of its end. A farmer needs to order a
new roof for his barn. The roof is represented by 𝑨𝑩𝑪, the ace of a circle of radius 𝒓, centre 𝑶.
𝑨𝑩𝑪𝑫𝑬 is a rectangle. The famer measures 𝑨𝑪, 𝑪𝑫, 𝑩𝑭 and the length of the barn
(a) Given that 𝑨𝑪 = 𝟖 𝐦 and 𝑩𝑭 = 𝟐 𝐦,
(i) write down an expression, in terms of 𝒓, for the length of 𝑶𝑭
(ii) show that the radius 𝒓 of the circle is 𝟓 𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐬
(b) Show that angle 𝑨𝑶𝑪 is approximately 𝟏. 𝟖𝟓 𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐬
(c) Given that the length of the barn is 𝟏𝟐 𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐬, calculate the curved area of the roof (shaded in
Diagram I)
(d) Given also that 𝑪𝑫 = 𝟕 𝐦, calculate the volume of the barn

[S4 DSS P2/2011 PRELIM Qn 9]

Solution

(a) (i) 𝑶𝑭 = (𝒓 − 𝟐) 𝐦

(ii) To find the radius, we shall use Pythagoras’ Theorem


𝑶𝑭𝟐 + 𝑭𝑪𝟐 = 𝑶𝑪𝟐
𝟖 𝟐
(𝒓 − 𝟐)𝟐 + 4 5 = 𝒓𝟐
𝟐
𝒓𝟐 − 𝟒𝒓 + 𝟒 + 𝟏𝟔 = 𝒓𝟐
𝟒𝒓 = 𝟐𝟎
𝒓 = 𝟓 𝐦 (𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐰𝐧)

(b) To find ∠𝑨𝑶𝑪, we first find ∠𝑭𝑶𝑪


𝑭𝑪
𝐬𝐢𝐧 ∠𝑭𝑶𝑪 =
𝑶𝑪
𝟒
∠𝑭𝑶𝑪 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧$𝟏 4 5
𝟓

∴ ∠𝑨𝑶𝑪 = 𝟐(∠𝑭𝑶𝑪)
𝟒
= 𝟐 ¦𝐬𝐢𝐧$𝟏 4 5§
𝟓
= 𝟏. 𝟖𝟓𝟒𝟓𝟗𝟎 …
= 𝟏. 𝟖𝟓 𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐬 (𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐰𝐧)

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


69 Updated: August 1, 2021
(c) To find the curved area, we first need to find the arc length
𝐀𝐫𝐜 𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐭𝐡 = 𝒓𝜽
𝟒
= 𝟓 ¦𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧$𝟏 4 5§
𝟓
𝟒
= 𝟏𝟎 𝐬𝐢𝐧$𝟏 4 5
𝟓

𝟒
∴ 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐯𝐞𝐝 𝐬𝐮𝐫𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐞 𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐚 = ¦𝟏𝟎 𝐬𝐢𝐧$𝟏 4 5§ (𝟏𝟐)
𝟓
𝟒
= 𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝐬𝐢𝐧$𝟏 4 5
𝟓
= 𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟐𝟕𝟓𝟒𝟐𝟔 …
= 𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝐦𝟐 (𝟑. 𝐬. 𝐟. )

(d) To find the volume of the barn, we first find the cross sectional area of the barn
𝟏 𝟐
𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐞𝐠𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝑶𝑨𝑩𝑪 = 𝒓 𝜽
𝟐
𝟏 𝟒
= (𝟓)𝟐 ¦𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧$𝟏 4 5§
𝟐 𝟓
𝟒
= 𝟐𝟓 𝐬𝐢𝐧$𝟏 4 5
𝟓

𝐂𝐫𝐨𝐬𝐬 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐚 = 𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 𝑶𝑨𝑩𝑪 − 𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 ∆𝑨𝑶𝑪 + 𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞 𝑨𝑪𝑫𝑬
𝟒 𝟏
= 𝟐𝟓 𝐬𝐢𝐧$𝟏 4 5 − (𝟖)(𝟑) + (𝟖)(𝟕)
𝟓 𝟐
𝟒
= 𝟐𝟓 𝐬𝐢𝐧$𝟏 4 5 + 𝟒𝟒
𝟓

𝟒
∴ 𝐕𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐧 = ¦𝟐𝟓 𝐬𝐢𝐧$𝟏 4 5 + 𝟒𝟒§ (𝟏𝟐)
𝟓
= 𝟖𝟎𝟔. 𝟏𝟖𝟖𝟓𝟔𝟓 …
= 𝟖𝟎𝟔 𝐦𝟐 (𝟑. 𝐬. 𝐟. )

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


70 Updated: August 1, 2021
The volume of mixture required to make one cookie is 𝟏𝟓 𝐜𝐦𝟑 . Before it is baked, the mixture is
rolled into a sphere
(a) Calculate the radius of the sphere
After it is baked, the cookie becomes a cylinder of radius 𝟑 𝐜𝐦 and height 𝟎. 𝟔 𝐜𝐦. The increase in
volume is due to the air trapped in the cookie
(b) Calculate the volume of air contained in the cookie
(c) Express the volume of the air as a percentage of the volume of the mixture
The cookies are then packed in a box. The cross-section of the box is a regular hexagon, containing
𝟕 cookies as shown in Diagram 𝐈. Three cookies are shown in Diagram 𝐈𝐈. 𝑶 is the centre of the
hexagon in Diagram 𝐈 and of the middle cookie in Diagram 𝐈𝐈. 𝑸 is the point where the two cookies
touch. 𝑷 and 𝑹 are the centres of these cookies. 𝑼 is the midpoint of the side 𝑻𝑺 of the box
(d) (i) State the length of 𝑶𝑷
(ii) Calculate the length of 𝑶𝑸
(iii) Calculate the length of a side of the box

[S4 MGS P2/2011 PRELIM Qn 8]

Solution

(a) To find the radius of the sphere,


𝟒 𝟑
𝟏𝟓 = 𝝅𝒓
𝟑
𝟏𝟓
𝒓𝟑 =
𝟒
u𝟑 𝝅v

𝟑 𝟒𝟓
𝒓= …
𝟒𝝅

= 𝟏. 𝟓𝟐𝟗𝟗𝟏𝟓 …
= 𝟏. 𝟓𝟑 𝐜𝐦 (𝟑. 𝐬. 𝐟. )

(b) To find the volume of air in the cookie,


𝐕𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐢𝐫 = 𝐕𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐲𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐫 − 𝐕𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐩𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞
= 𝝅𝒓𝟐 𝒉 − 𝟏𝟓
= 𝝅(𝟑)𝟐 (𝟎. 𝟔) − 𝟏𝟓
𝟐𝟕
= 𝝅 − 𝟏𝟓
𝟓
= 𝟏. 𝟗𝟔𝟒𝟔𝟎𝟎 …
= 𝟏. 𝟗𝟔 𝐜𝐦 (𝟑. 𝐬. 𝐟. )

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


71 Updated: August 1, 2021
(c) To find the percentage of air in the mixture,
𝟐𝟕
¤ 𝟓 𝝅 − 𝟏𝟓¥
𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐢𝐫 = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎%
𝟏𝟓
= 𝟏𝟑. 𝟎𝟗𝟕𝟑𝟑𝟓 …
= 𝟏𝟑. 𝟏% (𝟑. 𝐬. 𝐟. )

(d) (i) 𝑶𝑷 = 𝟔 𝐜𝐦

(ii) To solve for 𝑶𝑸, we need to use Pythagoras’ Theorem


𝑷𝑸𝟐 + 𝑸𝑶𝟐 = 𝑶𝑷𝟐
(𝟑)𝟐 + 𝑶𝑸𝟐 = (𝟔)𝟐

𝑶𝑸 = Ž(𝟔)𝟐 − (𝟑)𝟐
= √𝟐𝟕
= 𝟓. 𝟏𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟓𝟐 …
= 𝟓. 𝟐𝟎 𝐜𝐦 (𝟑. 𝐬. 𝐟. )

(iii) We shall first prove that ∆𝑷𝑶𝑸 is similar to ∆𝑻𝑶𝑼


∠𝑷𝑶𝑸 is a common angle (A)
∠𝑶𝑷𝑸 = ∠𝑶𝑻𝑼 (𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐩𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞, 𝑷𝑸 ∥ 𝑻𝑼) (A)

By the AA similarity test, ∆𝑷𝑶𝑸 is similar to ∆𝑻𝑶𝑼

𝑶𝑷 𝑷𝑸 𝑸𝑶
∴ = =
𝑶𝑻 𝑻𝑼 𝑼𝑶
𝟑 √𝟐𝟕
=
𝑼𝑻 √𝟐𝟕 + 𝟑
𝟑A√𝟐𝟕 + 𝟑B
𝑼𝑻 =
√𝟐𝟕

𝟑A√𝟐𝟕 + 𝟑B
𝐋𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐭𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐛𝐨𝐱 = 𝟐 Í Î
√𝟐𝟕
= 𝟗. 𝟒𝟔𝟒𝟏𝟎𝟏 …
= 𝟗. 𝟒𝟔 𝐜𝐦 (𝟑. 𝐬. 𝐟. )

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


72 Updated: August 1, 2021
In a factory, a frustum-shaped iron pail, of height 𝟗 𝐜𝐦 and radii 𝟏 𝐜𝐦 and 𝟒 𝐜𝐦, was made by cutting
out a right circular cone from a larger right circular cone. Diagram I shows the frustum-shaped iron
pail
(a) Find
(i) the height of the cone that was cut off
(ii) the volume of the pail, leaving your answers in terms of 𝝅
(b) The pail was filled with waste liquid to a depth of 𝟔 𝐜𝐦 and spherical ball bearings of diameter
𝟒 𝐦𝐦 are dropped into the pail
(i) Show that the amount of waste liquid in the pail is 𝟐𝟔𝝅 𝐜𝐦𝟑
(ii) Hence, determine the least number of ball bearings needed for the waste liquid to
overflow
(c) Another way of making the iron pail is by joining the edges 𝑨𝑩 to 𝑫𝑪 of an iron sheet, as shown
in Diagram 𝐈𝐈. To protect the pail from rusting, a layer of paint is coated over the entire exterior
surface of the pail (including the base)
(i) Show that the length of 𝑶𝑪 and 𝑶𝑫 are √𝟏𝟎 and 𝟒√𝟏𝟎 𝐜𝐦 respectively
(ii) Given that 𝟎. 𝟖 𝐦𝐥 of paint can coat a surface area of 𝟏 𝐜𝐦𝟐 , determine the amount of
paint, correct to the nearest 𝐦𝐥, required to coat the entire exterior surface of the pail

[S4 TKGS P2/2011 PRELIM Qn 9]

Solution

(a) (i) We can use similar figures to find the height of the cone
Let the height of the cone that was cut off be 𝒙 𝐜𝐦
𝟏 𝒙
=
𝟒 𝒙+𝟗
𝒙=𝟑

Height of the cone that was cut off = 𝟑 𝐜𝐦

(ii) To find the volume of the pail,


𝐕𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐩𝐚𝐢𝐥 = 𝐕𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐠𝐞𝐫 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐞 − 𝐕𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐦𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐫 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐞
𝟏 𝟏
= 𝝅(𝟒)𝟐 (𝟏𝟐) − 𝝅(𝟏)𝟐 (𝟑)
𝟑 𝟑
= 𝟔𝟑𝝅
= 𝟏𝟗𝟕. 𝟗𝟐𝟎𝟑𝟑𝟕 …
= 𝟏𝟗𝟖 𝐜𝐦𝟐 (𝟑. 𝐬. 𝐟. )

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


73 Updated: August 1, 2021
(b) (i) To find the volume of the waste liquid, we need to find the new radius
Let the new radius of the new cone be 𝒚 𝐜𝐦
𝟑 𝟏
=
𝟗 𝒚
𝒚=𝟑

𝐀𝐦𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐰𝐚𝐬𝐭𝐞 𝐥𝐢𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐝 = 𝐕𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐠𝐞𝐫 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐞 − 𝐕𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐦𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐫 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐞


𝟏 𝟏
= 𝝅(𝟑)𝟐 (𝟗) − 𝝅(𝟏)𝟐 (𝟑)
𝟑 𝟑
= 𝟐𝟔𝝅 𝐜𝐦𝟑 (𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐰𝐧)

(ii) To find the least number of ball bearings,


𝟔𝟑𝝅 − 𝟐𝟔𝝅
𝐋𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐭 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 =
𝟒
¤𝟑 𝝅(𝟎. 𝟒)𝟑 ¥
𝟏𝟗
= 𝟒𝟑𝟑
𝟑𝟐
≈ 𝟒𝟑𝟒 𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐬

(c) (i) 𝑶𝑪 = Ž(𝟒 − 𝟏)𝟐 + (𝟏)𝟐


= √𝟏𝟎 𝐜𝐦 (𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐰𝐧)

To find 𝑶𝑫, it is the slant height of the whole cone


𝑶𝑫 = Ž(𝟏𝟐)𝟐 + (𝟒)𝟐
= √𝟏𝟔𝟎
= 𝟒√𝟏𝟎 𝐜𝐦 (𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐰𝐧)

(ii) Arc 𝑩𝑪 corresponds to the circumference of the base of the pail. Let ∠𝑩𝑶𝑪 = 𝜽
(𝑶𝑪)(𝜽) = 𝟐𝝅(𝟏)
𝟐𝝅
𝜽=
√𝟏𝟎

𝐓𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐬𝐮𝐫𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐞 𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐚 = 𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐞𝐠𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝑨𝑶𝑫 − 𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐞𝐠𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝑩𝑶𝑪 + 𝐁𝐨𝐭𝐭𝐨𝐦
𝟏 𝟐 𝟐𝝅 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐𝝅
= A𝟒√𝟏𝟎B 4 5 − A√𝟏𝟎B 4 5 + 𝝅(𝟏)𝟐
𝟐 √𝟏𝟎 𝟐 √𝟏𝟎
𝟏𝟓𝟎
=4 + 𝟏5 𝝅 𝐜𝐦𝟐
√𝟏𝟎

𝟏𝟓𝟎
𝐕𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐩𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐭 = ¦4 + 𝟏5 𝝅§ (𝟎. 𝟖)
√𝟏𝟎
= 𝟏𝟐𝟏. 𝟕𝟐𝟖𝟑𝟑𝟑
= 𝟏𝟐𝟐 𝐦𝐥 (𝐧𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐦𝐥)

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


74 Updated: August 1, 2021
The diagram shows a square 𝑨𝑩𝑪𝑫 of side 𝟏𝟒 𝐜𝐦. 𝑷𝑳 is an arc of a circle with centre 𝑩 and radius
𝑩𝑷 where 𝑩𝑷 = 𝟏𝟕. 𝟓 𝐜𝐦
(a) Show that ∠𝑷𝑩𝑳 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟖𝟒 𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐬
(b) Calculate the area of the shaded region 𝑷𝑫𝑳
(c) Calculate the perimeter of the shaded region 𝑷𝑫𝑳

[S4 NHHS P2/2012 PRELIM Qn 4]

Solution

(a) To find ∠𝑷𝑩𝑳, we first find ∠𝑨𝑩𝑷


𝟏𝟒
𝐜𝐨𝐬 ∠𝑨𝑩𝑷 =
𝟏𝟕. 𝟓
𝟒
∠𝑨𝑩𝑷 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬$𝟏 4 5
𝟓

𝝅 𝟒
∴ ∠𝑷𝑩𝑳 = − 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬$𝟏 4 5
𝟐 𝟓
= 𝟎. 𝟐𝟖𝟑𝟕𝟗𝟒 …
= 𝟎. 𝟐𝟖𝟒 𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐬 (𝟑. 𝐬. 𝐟. ) (𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐰𝐧)

(b) To find the area of the shaded region 𝑷𝑫𝑳,


𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚𝑷𝑫𝑳 = 𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝑨𝑩𝑪𝑫 − 𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚∆𝑨𝑩𝑷 − 𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚∆𝑩𝑪𝑳 − 𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫 𝑩𝑳𝑷
𝟏 𝟒 𝟏 𝝅 𝟒
= (𝟏𝟒)𝟐 − 𝟐 Ò (𝟏𝟒)(𝟏𝟕. 𝟓) 𝐬𝐢𝐧 ¦𝐜𝐨𝐬$𝟏 4 5§Ó − (𝟏𝟕. 𝟓)𝟐 ¦ − 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬$𝟏 4 5§
𝟐 𝟓 𝟐 𝟐 𝟓
= 𝟓. 𝟓𝟒𝟒𝟎𝟐𝟕 …
= 𝟓. 𝟓𝟒 𝐜𝐦𝟐 (𝟑. 𝐬. 𝐟. )

(c) To find the perimeter of the shaded region,


𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝑷𝑫𝑳 = 𝑷𝑳 + 𝑳𝑫 + 𝑫𝑷
𝝅 𝟒
= (𝟏𝟕. 𝟓) ¦ − 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬$𝟏 4 5§ + 𝟐 ¤𝟏𝟒 − Ž(𝟏𝟕. 𝟓)𝟐 − (𝟏𝟒)𝟐 ¥
𝟐 𝟓
= 𝟏𝟏. 𝟗𝟔𝟔𝟑𝟗𝟔 …
= 𝟏𝟐. 𝟎 𝐜𝐦 (𝟑. 𝐬. 𝐟. )

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


75 Updated: August 1, 2021
Topic: Coordinate Geometry
The line 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟖 crosses the 𝒙-axis at the point 𝑨. Find
(a) the coordinates of the point 𝑨
(b) the gradient of the line
(c) the equation of the line parallel to 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟖 passing through the point (−𝟏, 𝟐)

[S4 BVSS P1/2012 PRELIM Qn 6]

Solution

(a) At the 𝒙-axis, 𝒚 = 𝟎


𝟐𝒙 + (𝟎) = 𝟖
𝒙=𝟒

𝑨(𝟒, 𝟎)

(b) To find the gradient of the line,


𝒚 = 𝟖 − 𝟐𝒙

∴ 𝐆𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐭 = −𝟐

(c) For a line that is parallel to 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟖, the gradient of the new line is −𝟐
∴ 𝒚 = −𝟐𝒙 + 𝒄 … … … (𝟐)

To find 𝒄, substitute (−𝟏, 𝟐) into the new line equation (𝟐)


𝟐 = −𝟐(−𝟏) + 𝒄
𝒄=𝟎

∴ 𝒚 = −𝟐𝒙

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


76 Updated: August 1, 2021
The triangle with vertices 𝑷(−𝟓, 𝟑), 𝑸(𝟏, −𝟓) and 𝑹(𝟓, −𝟓) is shown in the diagram. Find
(a) the equation of the line 𝑷𝑹
(b) the area of ∆𝑷𝑸𝑹
(c) the perpendicular distance from 𝑸 to the line 𝑷𝑹
(d) the coordinates of 𝟐 possible points 𝑺 such that the four points 𝑷, 𝑸, 𝑹 and 𝑺 are the 𝟒 vertices
of a parallelogram
(e) the value of 𝐭𝐚𝐧 ∠𝑷𝑸𝑹

[S4 CGSS P1/2012 PRELIM Qn 14]

Solution

(a) To find the equation of the line 𝑷𝑹, we need to find the gradient and 𝒚-intercept
𝟑 − (−𝟓)
𝐆𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝑷𝑹 =
−𝟓 − 𝟓
𝟒
=−
𝟓

𝟒
∴𝒚=− 𝒙+𝒄
𝟓

To find 𝒄, substitute (𝟓, −𝟓) into the line


𝟒
−𝟓 = − (𝟓) + 𝒄
𝟓
𝒄 = −𝟏

𝟒
∴𝒚=− 𝒙−𝟏
𝟓

(b) To find the area of ∆𝑷𝑸𝑹,


𝟏
𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚∆𝑷𝑸𝑹 = (𝟓 + 𝟑)(𝟓 − 𝟏)
𝟐
= 𝟏𝟔 𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐬𝟐

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


77 Updated: August 1, 2021
(c) To find the perpendicular distance,
𝟏
𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚∆𝑷𝑸𝑹 = (𝐛𝐚𝐬𝐞)(𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞)
𝟐
𝟏 𝟐
𝟏𝟔 = ÂÇ(−𝟓 − 𝟓)𝟐 + A𝟑 − (−𝟓)B Ã (𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞)
𝟐
𝟏𝟔
𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 =
𝟏
𝟐 √𝟏𝟔𝟒
= 𝟐. 𝟒𝟗𝟖𝟕𝟖𝟎 …
= 𝟐. 𝟓𝟎 𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐬𝟐

(d) 𝑺 is either on the left of 𝑷 or the right of 𝑷. The distance from 𝑷 to 𝑺 is the same as
the length of 𝑸𝑹 (𝟒 𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐬)

𝑺 = (−𝟗, 𝟑) 𝐨𝐫 (−𝟏, 𝟑)

(e) Let the point vertically below 𝑷 be 𝑻

∠𝑷𝑸𝑹 is an obtuse angle


𝐭𝐚𝐧 ∠𝑷𝑸𝑹 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧(𝟏𝟖𝟎° − ∠𝑷𝑸𝑻)
= − 𝐭𝐚𝐧 ∠𝑷𝑸𝑻
𝟖
=−
𝟔
𝟒
=−
𝟑

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


78 Updated: August 1, 2021
The equation of the line is 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 = 𝟐𝟒
(a) Given that the line 𝒍 crosses the 𝒙-axis and 𝒚-axis at points 𝑨 and 𝑩 respectively, find the
coordinates of the points 𝑨 and 𝑩
(b) Find the shortest distance from the origin to 𝑨𝑩
(c) Line 𝑙 intersects another line 𝒉 at a point 𝑪
𝟑
(i) Given that the gradient of the line 𝒉 is 𝟒 and it passes through the origin, write down the
equation of the line 𝒉
(ii) Hence, find the coordinates of 𝑪

[S4 ACS(B) P1/2015 PRELIM Qn 23]

Solution

(a) At 𝑨, 𝒚 = 𝟎
𝟑𝒙 + 𝟒(𝟎) = 𝟐𝟒
𝒙=𝟖

At 𝑩, 𝒙 = 𝟎
𝟑(𝟎) + 𝟒𝒚 = 𝟐𝟒
𝒚=𝟔

𝑨(𝟖, 𝟎) 𝑩(𝟎, 𝟔)

(b) To find the shortest distance, need to find the perpendicular distance from 𝑶 to 𝑨𝑩
𝟏
𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚∆𝑨𝑶𝑩 = (𝟖)(𝟔)
𝟐
𝟏
(𝑨𝑩)(𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞) = 𝟐𝟒
𝟐
𝟐𝟒
𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 =
𝟏 𝟐 + (𝟔)𝟐 v
𝟐 uŽ(𝟖)
𝟒
= 𝟒 𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐬
𝟓

(c) (i) To find the equation of the line


𝟑
𝒚= 𝒙
𝟒

(ii) Substitute the new line to the line 𝒍


𝟑
𝟑𝒙 + 𝟒 4 𝒙5 = 𝟐𝟒
𝟒
𝒙=𝟒
∴𝒚=𝟑

∴ 𝑪(𝟒, 𝟑)

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


79 Updated: August 1, 2021
Topic: Vectors in 2 Dimensions

In the diagram above, 𝑶𝑨𝑩 is a triangle. 𝑪 is a point on 𝑨𝑩 such that 𝑨𝑪: 𝑪𝑩 = 𝟏: 𝟑. The side 𝑶𝑩 is
ÕÕÕÕÕÕ⃗ = 𝐚 and 𝑶𝑩
produced to point 𝑫 such that 𝑶𝑩: 𝑩𝑫 = 𝟑: 𝟐. It is given that 𝑶𝑨 ÕÕÕÕÕÕ⃗ = 𝐛
(a) Express, as simply as possible, in terms of 𝐚 and/or 𝐛
ÕÕÕÕÕÕ⃗
(i) 𝑨𝑩
ÕÕÕÕÕÕ⃗
(ii) 𝑶𝑪
ÕÕÕÕÕÕ⃗
(iii) 𝑶𝑫
(b) Show that

𝟏𝟕 𝟓 𝟏𝟓
ÕÕÕÕÕÕ⃗ =
𝑪𝑫 4 𝐛− 𝐚5
𝟐𝟎 𝟑 𝟏𝟕

ÕÕÕÕÕÕ⃗ such that


(c) It is given that 𝑬 is a point on 𝑶𝑨

𝟏𝟓
ÕÕÕÕÕÕ⃗ =
𝑶𝑬 𝐚
𝟏𝟕

Express, as simply as possible, in terms of 𝐚 and 𝐛, the vector ÕÕÕÕÕÕ⃗


𝑬𝑫

(d) Show that 𝑫, 𝑪 and 𝑬 are collinear

[S4 DHS P1/2011 PRELIM Qn 19]

(a) 𝑪 is the point (−𝟑, 𝟓) and 𝑫 is the point (𝟒, 𝟑)


(i) Write down the column vector ÕÕÕÕÕÕ⃗
𝑪𝑫
ÕÕÕÕÕÕ⃗×
(ii) Find ×𝑪𝑫
ÕÕÕÕÕÕ⃗ = 𝟑 𝑫𝑪
(iii) Given that 𝟒 𝑫𝑬 ÕÕÕÕÕÕ⃗, find the coordinates of 𝑬
−𝟐 𝟔
(b) The position vector of a point 𝑸 is u v and ÕÕÕÕÕÕ⃗ 𝑸𝑹 = u v
𝟑 −𝟒
(i) Find the equation of the line 𝑸𝑹
(ii) The equation of the line 𝑺𝑻 is 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟑𝒙 = 𝟏𝟖. Find the coordinates of the point of
intersection of 𝑸𝑹 and 𝑺𝑻

[S4 HIHS P2/2015 PRELIM Qn 6]

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


80 Updated: August 1, 2021
In the diagram, 𝑶𝑨 ÕÕÕÕÕÕ⃗ = 𝟏𝟐𝐚 and 𝑶𝑩
ÕÕÕÕÕÕ⃗ = 𝟗𝐛. It is given that 𝟐𝑶𝑫 = 𝑫𝑩 and 𝟑𝑶𝑪 = 𝑶𝑨
(a) Express, as simply as possible, in terms of 𝐚 and 𝐛
ÕÕÕÕÕÕ⃗
(i) 𝑩𝑪
ÕÕÕÕÕÕ⃗
(ii) 𝑫𝑨
(b) Find the position vector of 𝑬 in terms of 𝐚 and 𝐛

𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 ∆𝑶𝑫𝑬 𝟏
=
Area of ∆𝑶𝑫𝑨 𝟒

(c) Calculate the numerical value of

𝑩𝑬
𝑬𝑪

(d) Show that the areas of ∆𝑶𝑪𝑬 and ∆𝑶𝑫𝑬 are equal
(e) Find

Area of ∆𝑩𝑫𝑬
Area of ∆𝑩𝑶𝑪

[S4 ACS(B) P2/2015 PRELIM Qn 9]

CLT left out in the 2021 ‘O’ Level Examination

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


81 Updated: August 1, 2021
Topic: Data Analysis & Handling
The length of 𝟒𝟎 leaves from a Frangipani tree were measured and recorded in the frequency table
shown below

Length (cm) 𝟒≤𝒙<𝟖 𝟖 ≤ 𝒙 < 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 ≤ 𝒙 < 𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟔 ≤ 𝒙 < 𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 < 𝟐𝟒

Frequency 𝟑 𝟕 𝟏𝟒 𝟏𝟏 𝟓

Find an estimate of
(a) the mean
(b) the standard deviation

[S4 CHS P1/2012 PRELIM Qn 15]

Solution

(a) To calculate the mean,


∑ 𝒇𝒙
𝑿=
∑𝒇
𝟔(𝟑) + 𝟏𝟎(𝟕) + 𝟏𝟒(𝟏𝟒) + 𝟏𝟖(𝟏𝟏) + 𝟐𝟐(𝟓)
=
𝟑 + 𝟕 + 𝟏𝟒 + 𝟏𝟏 + 𝟓
𝟒
= 𝟏𝟒
𝟓

(b) To find the standard deviation,


𝟐
∑ 𝒇𝒙𝟐 ∑ 𝒇𝒙
𝑺𝑫 = … −Â Ã
∑𝒇 ∑𝒇

𝟑(𝟔)𝟐 + 𝟕(𝟏𝟎)𝟐 + 𝟏𝟒(𝟏𝟒)𝟐 + 𝟏𝟏(𝟏𝟖)𝟐 + 𝟓(𝟐𝟐)𝟐 𝟒 𝟐


= …Í Î − 4𝟏𝟒 5
𝟑 + 𝟕 + 𝟏𝟒 + 𝟏𝟏 + 𝟓 𝟓

= 𝟒. 𝟒

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


82 Updated: August 1, 2021
The five numbers 𝒂, 𝒃, 𝒄, 𝟒 and 𝟖 are such that the mean and the standard deviation of a constant
𝒂, 𝒃 and 𝒄 are 𝟖 and √𝟕 respectively. Find
(a) the mean of the five numbers
(b) the standard deviation of the five numbers

[S4 CGS P1/2012 PRELIM Qn 13]

Solution

(a) To find the mean of the five numbers, we first find the mean of 𝒂, 𝒃 and 𝒄
𝒂+𝒃+𝒄
𝟖=
𝟑
𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄 = 𝟐𝟒 … … … (𝟏)

To find the mean of the five numbers,


𝒂+𝒃+𝒄+𝟒+𝟖
𝑿=
𝟓
𝟐𝟒 + 𝟒 + 𝟖
=
𝟓
𝟏
=𝟕
𝟓

(b) To find the 𝑺𝑫 of the five numbers, we first find the 𝑺𝑫 of 𝒂, 𝒃 and 𝒄

𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐
√𝟕 = … − (𝟖)𝟐
𝟑

𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 = 𝟐𝟏𝟑

To find the 𝑺𝑫 of the five numbers,

𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 + 𝟒𝟐 + 𝟖𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
𝑺𝑫 = … − 4𝟕 5
𝟓 𝟓

𝟐𝟏𝟑 + 𝟏𝟔 + 𝟔𝟒 𝟑𝟔 𝟐
=… −4 5
𝟓 𝟓
𝟑
=𝟐
𝟓

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


83 Updated: August 1, 2021
The cumulative frequency graph below shows the Mathematics results of all students from two
classes 𝑨 and 𝑩 which have 𝟒𝟎 students each
(a) Estimate the median mark of the students from
(i) Class 𝑨
(ii) Class 𝑩
(b) Estimate the interquartile range of the marks from Class 𝑩
(c) State, with a reason, which class performed better
(d) Copy and complete the grouped frequency table of the marks of students from Class 𝑨

Marks (𝒙) 𝟎 < 𝒙 ≤ 𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟎 < 𝒙 ≤ 𝟒𝟎 𝟒𝟎 < 𝒙 ≤ 𝟔𝟎 𝟔𝟎 < 𝒙 ≤ 𝟖𝟎 𝟖𝟎 < 𝒙 ≤ 𝟏𝟎𝟎

Frequency

(e) Using the grouped frequency table, calculate an estimate of


(i) the mean marks of students from Class 𝑨
(ii) the standard deviation of marks from Class 𝑨
(f) Three students were selected at random from Class 𝑨. Find the probability that at least one
student scored above 𝟔𝟎 marks

[S4 NHHS P2/2012 PRELIM Qn 9]

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


84 Updated: August 1, 2021
Solution

(a) (i) 𝐌𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐚𝐧 (𝐜𝐥𝐚𝐬𝐬 𝐀) = 𝟔𝟗 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐬

(ii) 𝐌𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐚𝐧 (𝐜𝐥𝐚𝐬𝐬 𝑩) = 𝟕𝟑 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐬

(b) 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐥𝐞 𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞 (𝐜𝐥𝐚𝐬𝐬 𝑩) = 𝟖𝟏 − 𝟔𝟓. 𝟓


= 𝟏𝟓. 𝟓 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐬

(c) Class 𝑩 perform better because the median mark of Class 𝑩 is higher than the
median mark of Class 𝑨

(d) As reflected in the table

Marks (𝒙) 𝟎 < 𝒙 ≤ 𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟎 < 𝒙 ≤ 𝟒𝟎 𝟒𝟎 < 𝒙 ≤ 𝟔𝟎 𝟔𝟎 < 𝒙 ≤ 𝟖𝟎 𝟖𝟎 < 𝒙 ≤ 𝟏𝟎𝟎

Frequency 𝟎 𝟏 𝟖 𝟐𝟒 𝟕

(e) (i) To find the mean,


∑ 𝒇𝒙
𝑿=
∑𝒇
𝟏𝟎(𝟎) + 𝟑𝟎(𝟏) + 𝟓𝟎(𝟖) + 𝟕𝟎(𝟐𝟒) + 𝟗𝟎(𝟕)
=
𝟎 + 𝟏 + 𝟖 + 𝟐𝟒 + 𝟕
= 𝟔𝟖. 𝟓 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐬

(ii) To find the standard deviation,


𝟐
∑ 𝒇𝒙𝟐 ∑ 𝒇𝒙
𝑺𝑫 = … −Â Ã
∑𝒇 ∑𝒇

𝟎(𝟏𝟎)𝟐 + 𝟏(𝟑𝟎)𝟐 + 𝟖(𝟓𝟎)𝟐 + 𝟐𝟒(𝟕𝟎)𝟐 + 𝟕(𝟗𝟎)𝟐


= …Â Ã − (𝟔𝟖. 𝟓)𝟐
𝟎 + 𝟏 + 𝟖 + 𝟐𝟒 + 𝟕

= 𝟏𝟑. 𝟕 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐬 (𝟑. 𝐬. 𝐟. )

(f) 𝐏(𝐚𝐭 𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐭 𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐬𝐭𝐮𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝟑 𝐩𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐬) = 𝟏 − 𝐏(𝐧𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝟑 𝐩𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐬)
𝟗 𝟖 𝟕
= 𝟏−4 54 54 5
𝟒𝟎 𝟑𝟗 𝟑𝟖
𝟐𝟒𝟒𝟎
=
𝟐𝟒𝟕𝟎

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


85 Updated: August 1, 2021
The points scored by SSP netballers in 𝟏𝟏 different games are as follows

𝟒𝟖 𝟔𝟎 𝟑𝟗 𝟓𝟓 𝟒𝟐 𝟓𝟒 𝟒𝟑 𝟒𝟔 𝟔𝟖 𝟔𝟔 𝟔𝟏

A box-and-whisker diagram is drawn to represent the data

Find the values of 𝒌, 𝒎 and 𝒏

[S4 SSS P1/2012 PRELIM Qn 3]

Solution

𝟑𝟗 𝟒𝟐 𝟒𝟑 𝟒𝟔 𝟒𝟖 𝟓𝟒 𝟓𝟓 𝟔𝟎 𝟔𝟏 𝟔𝟔 𝟔𝟖

𝒌 = 𝟒𝟑
𝒎 = 𝟓𝟒
𝒏 = 𝟔𝟏

The population of a small town is surveyed. The results are shown in the bar chart below. Explain
why the bar chart is considered to be misleading

[S4 HIHS P1/2015 PRELIM Qn 3]

Solution

From the bar chart, the number of females in the small town seems to be 𝟓 times that of
the males, but in actual fact, it is just 𝟐 times instead. This is because the bar chart does
not start from 𝟎

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


86 Updated: August 1, 2021
The mass of ingredients used for making a cake are represented on a pie chart
(a) Given that the ratio of the mass of butter to eggs is 𝟓: 𝟐, find the value of 𝒙
(b) If 𝟑𝟔𝟎 𝐠 of butter is used, calculate the mass of eggs used

[S4 SCSS P1/2015 PRELIM Qn 12]

Solution

(a) 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟐𝟎𝒙 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎


𝒚 + 𝟏𝟎𝒙 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎 … … … (𝟏)

𝐌𝐚𝐬𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐛𝐮𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝟏𝟐𝒙


=
𝐌𝐚𝐬𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐞𝐠𝐠𝐬 𝒚
𝟓 𝟏𝟐𝒙
=
𝟐 𝒚
𝟐𝟒𝒙
𝒚= … … … (𝟐)
𝟓

Substitute Equation (𝟐) into Equation (𝟏),


𝟐𝟒𝒙
+ 𝟏𝟎𝒙 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎
𝟓
𝟔
𝒙 = 𝟏𝟐
𝟑𝟕

𝟔
𝐒𝐮𝐛𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐭𝐮𝐭𝐞 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟐 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐄𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 (𝟐),
𝟑𝟕
𝟔
𝟐𝟒 u𝟏𝟐 𝟑𝟕v
𝒚=
𝟓
𝟏𝟒
= 𝟓𝟖
𝟑𝟕

(b) To find the mass of eggs used,


𝟑𝟔𝟎
𝐌𝐚𝐬𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐞𝐠𝐠 = ×𝟐
𝟓
= 𝟏𝟒𝟒 𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐦𝐬

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


87 Updated: August 1, 2021
Topic: Probability
Three unbiased dice are thrown. Find the probability that
(a) the three dice show different numbers
(b) the sum of the three numbers shown is more than 𝟏𝟔
(c) the product of the three numbers is a prime number, given that the first die shows a "𝟐"

[S4 DSS P1/2011 PRELIM Qn 12]

Solution

(a) To find the probability,


𝟔 𝟓 𝟒
𝐏(𝐭𝐡𝐫𝐞𝐞 𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐰 𝐝𝐢𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐬) = 4 5 4 5 4 5
𝟔 𝟔 𝟔
𝟓
=
𝟗

(b) To find the probability,


𝐏(𝐬𝐮𝐦 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐫𝐞𝐞 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐰𝐧 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐧 𝟏𝟔) = 𝐏(𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐰 𝟏𝟕) + 𝐏(𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐰 𝟏𝟖)
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= 𝟑4 54 54 5 + 4 54 54 5
𝟔 𝟔 𝟔 𝟔 𝟔 𝟔
𝟏
=
𝟓𝟒

(c) To find the probability, do note that there is only 1 possible case: 𝟐, 𝟏, 𝟏
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝐏(𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝟑 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐢𝐬 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐞, 𝐠𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 𝐝𝐢𝐞 𝐢𝐬 "2") = 4 5 4 5 4 5
𝟔 𝟔 𝟔
𝟏
=
𝟑𝟔

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


88 Updated: August 1, 2021
A bag contains 𝟓 identical balls numbered 𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟒 and 𝟓. Two balls are drawn at random, one after
the other, from the bag without replacement
(a) Draw the possibility diagram to show the outcomes of the draw
(b) Find, as a fraction in its simplest form, the probability that
(i) both numbers are odd
(ii) the sum of the numbers drawn is 𝟕
(iii) the product of the number drawn is 𝟒
(iv) at least one of the numbers drawn is a prime number

[S4 MGS P2/2011 PRELIM Qn 10(b)]

Solution

(a) Possibility Diagram

Ball 2
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟒 𝟓
Ball 1

𝟏 (𝟏, 𝟐) (𝟏, 𝟑) (𝟏, 𝟒) (𝟏, 𝟓)

𝟐 (𝟐, 𝟏) (𝟐, 𝟑) (𝟐, 𝟒) (𝟐, 𝟓)

𝟑 (𝟑, 𝟏) (𝟑, 𝟐) (𝟑, 𝟒) (𝟑, 𝟓)

𝟒 (𝟒, 𝟏) (𝟒, 𝟐) (𝟒, 𝟑) (𝟒, 𝟓)

𝟓 (𝟓, 𝟏) (𝟓, 𝟐) (𝟓, 𝟑) (𝟓, 𝟒)

(b) (i) To find the probability,


𝟑
𝐏(𝐛𝐨𝐭𝐡 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐨𝐝𝐝) =
𝟏𝟎

(ii) To find the probability,


𝟐
𝐏(𝐬𝐮𝐦 𝐨𝐟 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐝𝐫𝐚𝐰𝐧 𝐢𝐬 𝟕) =
𝟏𝟎
𝟏
=
𝟓

(iii) To find the probability,


𝟏
𝐏(𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐝𝐫𝐚𝐰𝐧 𝐢𝐬 𝟒) =
𝟏𝟎

(iv) To find the probability,


𝟗
𝐏(𝐚𝐭 𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐭 𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 𝐢𝐬 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐞) =
𝟏𝟎

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


89 Updated: August 1, 2021
A box contains several red discs and green discs. A discs is randomly chosen and then put back into
the box. The probability of choosing a red disc is 𝒒
(a) Write down, in terms of 𝒒, the probability of choosing a green disc
(b) The process is repeated 𝟖 times. Find the probability, in terms of 𝒒, that
(i) a red disc is chosen every time
(ii) at least one green disc is chosen

[S4 CGSS P2/2012 PRELIM Qn 6(b)]

Solution

(a) 𝐏(𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚 𝐠𝐫𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐜) = 𝟏 − 𝒒

(b) 𝐏(𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐜 𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐧 𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡 𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞) = 𝒒𝟖

(c) 𝐏(𝐚𝐭 𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐭 𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐠𝐫𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐜 𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐧) = 𝟏 − 𝒒𝟖

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


90 Updated: August 1, 2021
At the end of a company’s training programme, participants have to pass a test to gain employment.
The probability of passing the test is 𝟎. 𝟔. Those who fail are allowed to take a re-test
(a) Represent the above information on a probability tree diagram for two attempts
(b) Find the probability that a participant gains employment in the first two attempts
(c) Three participants take the employment test. What is the probability that only one of them gains
employment in the first 𝟐 attempts
(d) Find the probability that a participant passes in one of the first 𝑛 attempts

[S4 CGS P1/2012 PRELIM Qn 16]

Solution

(a) Tree Diagram

1st Attempt 2nd Attempt

3 Pass
5

3 Pass
5

2
5 Fail

2
5
Fail

(b) To find the probability,


𝟑 𝟐 𝟑
𝐏(𝐠𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐨𝐲𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭) = + 4 54 5
𝟓 𝟓 𝟓
𝟐𝟏
=
𝟐𝟓

(c) To find the probability,


𝟐𝟏 𝟒 𝟒
𝐏(𝐨𝐧𝐥𝐲 𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝟑 𝐠𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐨𝐲𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭) = 𝟑 4 5 4 5 4 5
𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟓
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟖
=
𝟏𝟓𝟔𝟐𝟓

(d) To find the probability,


𝟐 𝒏
𝐏(𝐩𝐚𝐬𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 𝐧𝐭𝐡 𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐭𝐬) = 𝟏 − 4 5
𝟓

End of Paper J

Author: © Ong Kai Wen


91 Updated: August 1, 2021

You might also like