PHYSICS INSTITUTE

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1. Denote the commutator of two matrices A and B by [A, B] = AB – BA and the anticommutator by [A, B]
= AB + BA.
If [A, B] = 0, we can write [A, BC] =
(a) –B [A,C] (b) B [A, C] (c) [A, C] B (d) – B [A, C]
2. Consider the waveform x(t) shown in the diagram below.
x

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–1
–2T –T
t
0 T 2T 3T

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– –1
The Fourier series for x (t) which gives the closest approximation to this waveform is

(a) x(t ) 
2

 T 2
 1
cos  cos
4 t 1
T
 cos
3
3 t
T

 ....

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2 2 t 1 4 t 1 6 t 
(b) x(t )   cos  cos  cos  ....
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
 T 2 T 3 T 
2  t 1 2 t 1 3 t 
(c) x(t )   sin  sin  sin  ....
 T 2 T 3 T 
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2 t 1 2 t 1 3 t 
(d) x(t )    sin  sin  sin  ....
 T 2 T 3 T 
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3. A solid tetrahedron (solid with four plane sides) has the following projections (drawn to scale) when seen
from three different sides :
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Left Top Right

When viewed from the front, its projection will be

(a) (b)

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 (c) (d)

4. A small elastic ball of mass m is placed at the apex of a 450 inclined plane as shown in the figure below.

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A B

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The ball is allowed to slip without friction down the plane (along the detted line), hit the ground (as shown)

(a) (1  2) h (b) 3 2 h
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and bounce along it. If the height of the inclined plane is hand the coefficient of restitution between the ball
and the ground is 0.5, then the distance AB, as marked on the figure, will be
(c) 3h (d) 2h
5. Two masses 3m and 2m are suspended vertically by identical massless springs, each of stiffness constant
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k. The mass 2m is suspended from the mass 3m and the mass 3m is suspended from a rigid support, as
shown in the figure. If only vertical motion is permitted, the frequencies of smallations of this system are
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k
3m
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k
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2m
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k 3k k k k k 2k 3k
(a) , (b) , (c) , (d) ,
m 2m 2m 2m m 6m 3m 2m
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6. Two long hollow conducting cylinders. each of height h, are placed concentrically on the ground, as shown
in the figure (top view). The outer cylinder is grounded, while the inner cylinder is insulated. A positive
charge (the black dot in the figure) is placed between the cylinders at a height h/2 fro the ground.

V=0
Which of the following figures gives the most accurare representation (top wiew) of the lines of force ?

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 (a) (b)

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(c) (d)

7. A common model for the distribution of charge in a hydrogen atom has a point-like proton of charge +q0

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at the centre and an electron with a static charge density distribution
q0 –2 r / a


 (r )   ST
 a3
e

where a is a constant. The electric field E at r  a due to this system of charges will be
5q0 5q0
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(a)  rˆ (b)  rˆ
4 0 e 2 a 2 4 0 ea 2

3q0 5q0
(c) rˆ (d) rˆ
4 0 e 2 a 2 4 0 e 2 a 2
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8. A rectangular metallic loop with sides L1 and L2 is placed in the vertical plane, making an angle with

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respect to the x-axis, as shown in the figure, and a spatially uniform magnetic field B  Byˆ is applied. The
loop is free to rotate about the ẑ axis (shown in the figure with a double line). The magnetic field changes
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with time at a constant rate

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dB
k
dt
If the resistance of the loop is R, the torque required to provent the loop from rotating will be
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( L1 L2 ) 2 ( L1 L2 ) 2
(a) kB sin  zˆ (b)  kB sin 2 zˆ
2R 2R

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 ( L1 L2 ) 2 ( L1 L2 ) 2
(c) kB sin  cos  zˆ (d)  kB sin  zˆ
R R
9. Consider the 1-D asymmetric double-well potential V(x) as sketched below.

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The probability distribution p(x) of a particle in the ground state of this potential is best represented by

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(a) ST (b)
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(c) (d)
I C
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10. The normalized wave function of a particle can be written as

n

 1 
 ( x)     n ( x)
n0  7
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where  n ( x) are the normalized energy eigenfunctions of a given Hamiltonian. The value of N is

(a) (6  2 7) / 7 (b) 1 / 7
(c) 3 / 7 (d) 6 / 7
11. Consider a system of non-interacting particles with integer angular momentum J at a temperature T. This
system is placed in a magnetic field B in the z direction. The energy of a state with J Z  m is
Em  m B B
with  B  0. The fractional magnetization of the particles as a function of  B B / keT can be represented
as :-

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 (a) (b)

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(c) (d)

12.
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The separation between neighbouring absorption lines in a pure rotational spectrum of a hydrogen bromide
(HBr) molecule is 2.23 meV. If this molecule is considered as a rigid rotor and the atomic mass number of
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Br is 80, the corresponding absorption line separation in deuterium bromide (DBr) molecule, in units of
meV, would be
(a) 2.234 (b) 1.115 (c) 4.461 (d) 1.128
13. Consider a 2-D square lattice. The ratio of the kinetic energy of a free electron at a corner of the first
Brillouin zone (Ec) to that of an electron at the midpoint of a side face of the same zone (Em) is Ec/Em =
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(a) 2 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 1 / 2

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14. A current source produces a square wave I(t) of 1.0 V peak-to- peak voltage and is used to drivve the RC
circuit shown below.
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Which of the following represents the correct voltage across the capacitor C ?

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

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15. The output (Y) of the following circuit will be

(a) C (b) B (c) A (d) A  B  C

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The answers to the following question (16 – 25) are all integers of (three) digits each. You may
round off decimal parts, e.g. e.g .122.5  x  123.5, as x = 123 and e.g .123.5  x  124.5 as x  124
and so on.

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16. A space telescope in orbit around the Earth discovers a new planet, which is observed to move around the
Sun by an angle of 4.72 milliradians in a year. Assuming a circular orbit, estimate the distance, in A.U., of
the planet from the Sun.
17. The matrix
100 2 x 0
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 
 x 0 x 
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 
 0 x 100 2 
where x > 0, is known to have two equal eigenvalues. Find the value of x.
18. A beam of plane microwaves of wavenength 12 cm strikes the surface of dielectric at 450 If the refractive
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index of the dielectric is 4/3, what will be the wavelength. in units of mm, of the microwaves inside the
dielectric ?
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19. A system of particles occupying single-particle levels and obeying Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics is in ther
mal equilibrium with a heat reservoir at temperature T. If the population distribution in the non-degenerate
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energy levels is as shown in the table below, what would be the temperature of the system in degree Kelvin
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Energy (eV) Population %

30.30 3.16
21.60 8.69
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13.01 23.54
4.31 64.61

20. A thermally isolated container stores N2 gas at 27.24 0C at one atomospheric pressure. Suddenly the
pressure of the gas is increased to two atmospheric pressures. Assuming N2 to behave as an ideal gas,
estimate the change in temperature of the gas, in Celsius degrees (0C).
21. A signal is to be sent from a coaxial cable with impedance 40 into a second coaxial cable with imped
ance 60 We can prevent reflection at the joint between the cables, by adding an impedance in parallel
to the second cable. What should be the value, in units of Ohms (), of that impedance ?

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22. An AC voltage source has an internal resistance of 50 and is specified to deliver an rms voltage of 50 V
to a matched load. If you connect this AC source to a cathoderay oscilloscope with 1 Minput setting,
what will be the peak-to-peak voltage you observe ?

23. The energy of an electron in the ground state of the He atom is –79 eV. Considering the Bohr model of the
atom, what would be 10 times the first ionization potential for a He+ ion, in units of eV ?

24. A quantum mechanical system consists of a one-dimensional infinite box, as indicated in the figure below.

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E0

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3 (three) identical non-interacting spin-½ particles, are first placed in the box, and the ground state energy
of the system is found to be E0 = 18 eV. If 7 (seven) such identical particles arte placed in the box, what will

25.
be the ground state energy, in units of eV ?
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Consmic ray muons, which decay spontaneously with proper lifetime 2.2 s, are produced in the atmo
sphere, at a height of 5 km above sea level. These move straight downwards at 98%of the speed of light.
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Find the percent ratio 100 × (NA/NB) of the number of muons measured at the top of two mountains A and
B, which are at heights 4,848 m and 2,682 m respectively above mean sea level.

The following question (26 – 35) are all of multiple-choice type. For every question, four options
(a), (b), (c) and (d) are given, of which only one is correct. Indicate the correct option on the OM
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R by filling in the bubble next to the correct lable.

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26. A unitary matrix U is expanded in terms of a Hermitian matrix H, such that

2
U  ei H /
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If we know that
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 ½ 0 3 / 2
 
H  0 1 0 
 
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 3/2 0 ½ 
then U must be

 i/2 0 i 3 / 2  i 1/ 2 3 / 2
   
 0 i 0  1/ 2 i 1/ 2 
(a) (b) 
   
 i 3 / 2 0 i / 2   3 / 2 1/ 2 i 

 1 0 3  2i 1 3 / 2
   
0 2 0  1 2i 0 
(c)  (d) 
   
 3 0 1   3/2 0 2i 

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27. A liquid is flowing through a capillary tube of inner radius r under the influence of an external pressure P.
The uncertainties in the measurements of P and r are found to be 2% and 1% respectively. The uncertain
in the flow of liquid per second is
28. A uniform solid sphere S1 of radius r and mass m is rolling without slipping on top of another sphere S2 of
radius R, as shown in the figure. Initially, S1 was at rest directly on top of S2, and then it started rolling down
under the influence of gravity. The point of contact P subtends an instantaneous angle from the topmost
point N of the lower sphere at the centre of the lower sphere.
At what minimum value of will the spheres lose contact ?
N S1
r
R p

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S2

–15 –1 5 –1 2 –1 12

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(a) cos (b) cos (c) cos (d) cos
13 12 3 13
29. An electromagnetic wave in free space is described by
 ST 1
ˆ 0 cos (kx  3ky  2 t )
E ( x, y, z , t )  zE
2
The Poynting vector associated with this wave is along the direction
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(a) xˆ  3 yˆ (b) 3xˆ  yˆ (c) xˆ  3 yˆ (d)  3xˆ  yˆ
30. Electrons in a given system of hydrogen atoms are described by the wave function
 ( r ,  ,  )  0.8 100  0.6ei /3 311
where the  nm denote normalized energy eigenstates. If ( Lˆx , Lˆ y , Lˆz ) are the components of the orbital
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angular momentum operator, the expectation value of Lˆ2x in this system is

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(a) 1.5 2 (b) 0.18 2 (c) 0.36 2 (d) Zero

31. In two dimensions, two metals A and B, have the number density of free electrons in the ratio
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nA : nB  1: 2
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The ratio of their Fermi energies is

(a) 2 : 3 (b) 1 : 8 (c) 1 : 2 (d) 1 : 4
32. One mole of monoatomic ideal gas is initially at pressure P0 and volume V0. The gas then undergoes a
three-stage cycle consisting of the following processes :
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 (i) An isothermal expansion till it reches volume 2V0, and heat Q flows into the gas
(ii) An isobaric compression back to the original volume V0
(iii) An isochoric increase in pressure till the original pressure P0 is regained.
The efficiency of this cycle can be expressed as
4Q  2 RT0 4Q  2 RT0
(a)  (b) 
4Q  3RT0 4Q  3RT0

4Q  2 RT0 4Q  2 RT0
(c)  (d) 
4Q  RT0 4Q  RT0
33. A deuteron of mass M and binding energy B is struck by a gamma ray photon of energy E’ and is observed
to disintegrate into a neutron and a proton. If B << Mc2, the minimum value of E must be

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B2 1 B2 
(a) 2 B  (b)  3B  
2 Mc 2 2 Mc 2 

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B2 1 B2 
(c) B  (d)  2 B  
Mc 2 2 Mc 2 
34. ST
Light passes through a narrow slit and gives the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern shown in the adjacent figure.
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Which of the following could be the shape of the slit ?

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I C
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(a) (b)
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(c) (d)

35. For exact calculation and minimum complexity, two four-digit binary numbers can be added with
(a) 3 full adders and 1 half-adder (b) 2 full adders and 2 half-adders
(c) 1 full adder and 3 half-adders (d) 4 full adders

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 Each of the following questions (36 – 40) must be answered by a word or a number or a simple math
ematical expression, which must be written down clearly and legibly using one black/blue ballpoint pen.
If there are any cancellations, overwariting or erasures, the question will be considered un-an
swered.
36. Which digital logic gate is mimicked by the following silicon diode and silicon transistor circuit ?

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37. Consider the following situations.
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In situation A, two semi-infinite earthed conducting planes meet at right-angles. A point charge q, is placed
at a distance d from each plane, as shown in the figure A. The magnitude of the force exerted on the charge
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q is denoted FA.
In situation B, the same charge q is kept at the same distance d from an infinite earthed conducting plane,
as shown in the figure B. The magnitude of the force Find the numerical ratio FA / FB
38. Two identical bosons may occupy any of two energy levels 0, > 0. The lowest energy state is doubly-
degenerate and the excited state is non-degenerate. Assume that the two-particle system is in thermal
equilibrium at a temperature T. Calculate the average energy E . What will be the leading term of

at low temperature ?   
exp   
 kBT 

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39. Evaluate the expression
A Xn 1 Xn  2 x3 x2 x1

n !  dxn 1  dxn  Z  dxn3....  dx2  dx1  dx0

0 0 0 0 0 0

40. In outer space, where the effects of gravity can be neglected, a drop of liquid assumes a spherical shape.
However, when disturbed it undergoes shape oscillations (see figure). The frequency v of oscillation of a
drop depends on its equilibrium radius, its density and the surface tension.

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What would be the numberical value of the ratio vHg / vH 2 0 of the frequencies of oscillation between a drop
of mercury (Hg) and a drop of water (H2O) of the same equilibrium radius ?

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You may use the following data :

Density in gm cm –3 Surface tension in N m –1

Liquid

Water 1.0
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0.073
mercury 13.6 0.487
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The following questions [41 – 50] are all of multiple-choice type. For every question, four options
(a), (b), (c) and (d) are given, of which only one is correct. Indicate the correct option on the
OMR by filling in the bubble next to the correct lable.
41. The value of the integral
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 dx

C

4
0 x 4
Is
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  
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(a) (b) (c) (d) 

8 4 2
42. The Lagrangian of a system described by a single generalised coordinate q is
1
L q sin 2 q
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2
Its Hamiltonian is
 1 2 
(a) Zero (b) q  p  sin q  (c)  q sin 2 q (d) not defined
 2 
43. A one-dimensional quantum harmonic oscillator of natural frequency is in thermal equilibrium with a heat
bath at temperature T. The mean value E of the energy of the oscillator can be written as
  w     
(a) coth   (b) csch  
2  2k B T  2  2k B T 
       
(c) 2 sech  2k T  (d) 2 tanh  2k T 
 B   B 
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44. Consider a spherical shell with radius R such that the potential on the surface of the shell in spherical
coordinaters is given by,
v( r  R,  ,  )  V0 cos 2 
where the angle is shown in the figure. There are no charges except for those on the shell. The potential
outside the shell at the pint P a distance 2R away from its center C (see figure) is

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C

V0 V0
(a) V  (1  2cos 2  ) (b) V  (1  cos 2  )

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8 8
V0 V0

45.
(c) V 
4
(1  cos 2  )
ST (d) V 
2
(2 cos   cos3  )

A quantum mechanical system which has stationary states 1 , 2 and 3 , corresponding to energy levels
0 eV, 1 eV and 2 eV respectively, is perturbed by a potential of the from
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Vˆ   1 3  3 1
1  3  3
where, in eV, 0    1. 2
The new ground state, correct to order is approximately.
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   
(a) 1   1  3 (b) 1  2   3
 2 2 2
C

 
(c) 1  3 (d) 1  3
2 2
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46. Hydrogen atomis in the atmosphere of a star are in thermal equilibrium, with an average kinetic energy of
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1 eV. The ratio of the number of hydrogen atoms in the 2nd excited state (n = 3) to the number in the
ground state (n = 1) is
(a) 5.62 × 10–6 (b) 3.16  10 –11
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(c) 3.16  10 –8 (d) 1.33  10 –8

47. A photomultiplier tube is used to detect idensical light pulses each of which consists of a fixed number of
photons. The photoelectric efficiency is 10%, i.e. a photon has 10% probability of causing the emission of
a detectable photo-electron. The photomultiplier gain is 106.
I(t)

Imax
t
20 ns

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 The typical output current, as a function of time, is shown by the figure below for a few pulses, where Imax
is 80 It follows that the number of photons in each pulse is
(a) 5 × 106 (b) 50
(c) 800 (d) 5
48. A subatomic particle  and its excited state have rest masses 3.1 GeV/c2 and 3.7 GeV/c2 respectively..


A table of its assigned quantum number is given below.

Angular momentum Parity C-Parity Isospin Electric charge
J=1 P = –1 C = –1 I=0 Q=0
If 0* is an excited state of with a mass of about 1.3 GeV / c2, which of the following reactions is
possible when the above quantum numbers are conserved ?

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(a)  *   (b)  *   0 0 (c)  *      (d)  *   0*
49. The cosmic microwave background radiation in the Universe has a blackbody distribution corresponding
to a temperature 2.735 K. In a certain cosmological model, it was assumed that the universe consists
purely of radiation and is undergoing adiabatic expansion. In this model it was predicted that the volume of

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the Universe will be tripled in the next 1010 yrs. The corresponding blackbody radiation temperature wiuld
be

50.
(a) 0.9116 K (b) 2.078 K
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(c) 1.526 K
The following circuit is fed with an input sine wave of frequency 50 Hz.
(d) 1.896 K
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I C

Which of the following graphs (solid line is input and dashed line is output) best represents the correct
situation ?
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(a) (b)

(c) (d)

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 Each of the following questions (51 - 55) must be answered by a word or a number or a simple
mathematical expression, which must be written down clearly and legibly using only black/blue
ballpoint pen. If there are any cancellations, overwriting or erasures, the question will be cons
idered un-answered.

51. Electrons in a metal are scattered by both impurities and phonos. The impurity scattering time is 8 × 10–12
s and the phonon scattering time is 2 × 10–12 s. Taking the density of electrons to be 3 × 1014 m–3, find the
conductivity of the metal in units of A V–1 m–1, [Assume that the effective mass of the electrons is the same
as that of a free electron.]
52. A particle of mass m, confined to one dimension x, is in the ground state of a harmonic oscillator potential
with a normalized wave function
1

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 2a  4 2
 0 ( x)    e – ax
 
where a  m / 2. Find the expectation value of x8 in terms of the parameter a.
53. Write down x (t). is the solution of the following differential equation

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d  d 
  2    1 x  1,
 dt   dt 
with the boundary conditions
dx
ST
x(t ) |t 0  
1
t  0  0,
dt 2
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54. Assume that the crystal structure of metallic copper (Cu) results in a density of atoms Cu = 8.46 × 1028m–
3
. Each Cu atom in the crystal donates one electron to the conduction band, which leads, for the 3-D Fermi
gas, to a densityu of states
3/ 2
1  2 m* 
g ( )  2  2 
 1/ 2
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2   
*
where m is the effective mass of the conduction electrons. In the low temperature limit (i.c. T = 0 K), find
C

the Fermi energy EF, in units of eV. You may assume m* to be equal to the free electron mass me.
55. In a theoretical model of the nucleus, the binding energy per nucleon was predicted as shown in the figure
I

below.
YS
PH

2nd Floor, Krishna Tower, Manav Ashram, Gopalpura Mode, Jaipur (Raj.) Ph. : 0141 - 6055580 | +91 - 8385049481 14
 If a nucleus of mass number A = 240 undergoes a symmetric fission to two daughter nuclei each of mass
number A = 120, write down the amount of energy released in this process, in units of MeV, using this
theoretical model.

TE
U
ST
IN
S
I C
YS
PH

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TIFR-2017
Ans.1 (d)

[ A, BC ] ⇒ B [ A, C ] + [ A, B ] C

B ( AC − CA ) + ( AB − BA ) C ⇒ BAC − BCA + ABC − BAC

BAC + ABC − B ( CA + AC ) ⇒ BAC + ABC − B ( CA + AC )

ABC + BAC − B( AC + CA) ⇒ ( AB + BC ) C − B( AC + CA)

{ A, B} C − B { A, C} { A, B} = 0

⇒ [ A, BC ] = − B { A, C}
x
Ans.2 (c)
+1

t
O
T

−1
a0 = 0
This wave in First & IIIrd Quardent, So This is and an = 0
bn ≠ 0

So fouries series

∞
y= a0 + ∑ ( an cos nx + bn sin nx )
x(t ) =
n =1

∞
=
y x=
(t ) ∑b
n =1
n sin nt

So, Fourier series will be in sin form so option (a) & (d) is not possible and option (b) & (c)
may be correct,

Now

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d +T T /2
2 2
()
T ∫d T −T∫/2
bn = f t sin nt .dt ⇒ bn = t sin nt.dt

2  −t cos nt sin nt 
T /2
2  −t cos nt 1.cos nt.dt 
=bn +∫ = ⇒ bn + 2 
T n n 
 T  n n  −T /2

 T T
sin n sin n 
2  T cos n T 2− T cos nT 2
bn =− + 2
− 2 
T 2 n 2 n 2 n 2 n 
 

T = 2π (For one period)

 2nπ n 2π 
 cos 2sin 
2 −2π × 2 2 + 2
=bn  
2π  2 n n 2

 

 sin dh izR;sd π dh Value zero gksrh gSA

1 cos nπ 
b=  −2π
π n 
n

 cos nπ 
bn = −2 
 n 

−2
=
bn (−1) n  if n → odd
n

2
bn =
n
[ + ve]

If n → even

2
bn = − (−ve)
n
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So Option (c) will be correct answer

Ans. 4 (d)

tan θ = ⇒ h ( tan 45 ) = x ⇒ x =h

x
h

OA = h

Now, From energy Conservation

EC = E A

1 2
mgh = mv
2

v = 2 gh

Now

From graph

 1 
=
u x v cos=
45 2 gh ×  
 2

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 1 
= u x v sin=
45 2 gh ×  
 2

Effect of restitution coefficient will be only in y-direction

So,

u x = constant

Then

v2 sin θ 1 1
=e = ⇒ v2 sin θ = v1
v1 2 2

2 gh
v2 sin θ =
2

For time of flight

1 2
H= ut − gt [ u = v2 sin θ ]
2

Displacement in y- direction = 0 That is H = 0

1 2
=
0 H= ( v sin θ ) t − gt
2

1 1 gh 1
o=
H = ght − gt 2 ⇒ =gt
2 2 2 2

h
t=
g

Then

Distance AB = velocity x time

h
AB = gh × ⇒ AB = h
g
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Then

Total Length

OB = OA +AB

OB = h+h

OB = 2h

1 1
Ans. 5 (c) =KE (3m) x12 + (2m) x22
2 2

1 1
P.E = k x12 + k ( x2 − x1 ) 2
2 2
k
1 2 1
P.=
E k x1 + k ( x12 + x22 − 2 x1 x2 )
2 2 x1
3m

3m 0   2k −k 
=Tij =  , Vij 
 0 2m   −k k  k

For small oscillation

2m x2

Vij − ω 2Tij =
0

 2k − 3mω 2 −k 
 =0
 −k k − 2mω 2 

(2k − 3mω 2 )(k − 2mω 2 ) − k 2 =

0

2k 2 − 4mkω 2 − 3mkω 2 + 6m 2ω 4 − k 2 =
0

6m 2ω 4 − 7 mkω 2 + k 2 =
0
Jh /kjkpk;Z lw=

b ± b 2 − 4ac
ω2 = −
2a

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+7 mk ± 49m 2 k 2 − 24m 2 k 2
ω2 =
12m 2

7 mk ± 25m 2 k 2
ω =
2

12m 2

7 mk ± 5mk
ω2 =
12m 2

12mk 2mk
ω12 = , ω22 =
12m 2 12m 2

k k
ω1 = , ω2 =
6m m

Ans. 6 (d)

Inner cylinder is insulated

Then electric field does not pass through inside the cylinder so option (a) & (c) wrong

Outter cylinder conductor and it behave as two non-conducting shells

C +q V =0
−q
B • q
A
(This is like Capacitor)

Potential at outer surface cylinder

2kq  a 
V= ln   l = h / 2
l R

a → any distance (a > R )

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Then

2kq  a  2kq  a  2kq  a 

O=
VC = ln   − ln   + ln  
l R l R l R

2kq  a 
VC= 0= ln  
l R

q=0

That is there is no electric field

option (d) is correct answer

q0 −2 r / a
Ans. 7 (d) ρ (r) = − e
π a3
Electric field at r = a

  qen
∫ E.ds = ε 0

ρ dτ
E (4π a 2 ) = ∫
ε0

−q0
r 2 sin θ drdθ dφ ( e −2 r / a )
1
E (4π a 2 ) =
ε0 ∫πa 3

π 2π
−q0
a

∈0 π a 3 ∫0
E (4π a 2 )
= r 2 e −2 r / a ⋅ dr ∫ sin θ dθ ∫ dφ
0 0

−q0 (4π )  2 −2 r / a  a  −2 r / a  − a  
E (4π a 2 )
=  r e  −  − ∫ 2r.e   ⋅ dr 
π a ∈0 
3
 2  2  

− q0 4π  2 −2 r / a  a  2a  −2 r / a  a  −2 r / a  a  
 2 ∫
E (4π a 2 )
=  − + − − ⋅ −
     2   

r e re e dr
π a 3 ∈0   r  2 

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a
− q0  2 −2 r / a  − a   −2 r / a  a   a  −2 r / a  a  
=E (a )  r e 2
  + a  re  −  −  −  e  −  
π a 3 ∈0   2  2 2 2 0

a
q0  a 2 −2 r / a a 2 −2 r / a a 3 −2 r / a 
E=
− 3 − r e − re − e 
π a ε0  2 2 4 0

−q0  −a 3 −2 a 2 −2 a 3 −2 a3 
= − ⋅ − + + +
∈0 π a 3 .a 2  2 4 
E e ae e 0 0
2 4

−q0 .a 3  −1 1 1 1
=E − − +
π a ∈0  2e 2e 4e 2 4 
5 2 2

−q0  −2 − 2 − 1 1 
=E + 
π a 2ε 0  4 ∈2 4

q0  5 1
E=
−  − 4e 2 + 4 
π a 2 ∈0

5q0 q
=E −
4π ∈0 a e 4π ∈0 a 2
2 2

 According to question a proton charge + q0 situated at the center

So electric field due to proton (+ q0 ) charge

q
E proton =
4π ∈0 a 2

Then

Total electric field

E = Edensity + E proton

5q0 q q
E= − +
4π ∈0 a e 4π ∈0 a
2 2 2
4π ∈0 a 2

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5q0
E=
4π ∈0 a 2 e 2

Option (d) is correct answer

dB
Ans. 8 (b) =k
dt

Torque = force × perpendicular distance

 
τ= r × F

F = I B (For Magnetic field)

e
I=
R
ĵ
− dφ = F q (v × B )
e= 
dt = F ∫ dq (v × B )
iˆ
φ= B ⋅ A =F ∫ λ dl (V × B ) k̂
φ = Ba cos φYˆ =F ∫ dl (λV × B ) λV = I

∫ dl ( I × B )
d
e= − BA cos φYˆ =F
dt

dB ˆ  dB 
− A cos φ
e= Y 
dt  dt
=
k

=
F ∫ (dl × B )

e = −kA cos φYˆ [ A( L L )]

1 2

e = −k ( L1 L2 ) cos φYˆ

e K ( L1 L2 ) cos φ
I= = −
R R

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 
F = I B =F I (  × B)

=F I  L2 zˆ × BYˆ 

=F IL1 B [ zˆ × yˆ ]

=F IL1 B [ − xˆ ]

 
τ = r × F

τ
= [ L2 sin φ yˆ × IL1B(− xˆ )
− IL1 L2 B sin φ ( yˆ × xˆ )
τ=

τ=
− IL1 L2 B sin φ (−kˆ)

τ = − IL1 L2 B sin φ kˆ

− K ( L1 L2 ) 2 B cos φ sin φ  2  ˆ
τ=  k
R 2

( L1 L2 ) 2
τ = −kB sin 2φ kˆ
2R

Option (b)

Ans. 9 (c)
v( x)

x ⇒

P( x)

Potential ftruk T;knk depth gksrk gS

mruk gh probability dk Amplitude c<sxk

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so probability ψ ( x) will be
2

Option (c)

Ans. 10 (d)

n
 1 
∞
ψ ( x) = N ∑   φn ( x)
n =0  7 

Nomalisation condition

∫all space
ψ *ψ ⋅ dx =
1

Then

 1  0  1 
1
 1 
2

ψ (=
x ) N   φ0 ( x) +   φ1 ( x) +   φ2 ( x) + ....
 7   7  7 

 1  0  1 
1
 1 
2

ψ (=
x ) N 
*
 0 φ ( x ) +   1φ ( x ) +   2 φ ( x ) + .... 
 7   7  7 

vyx –vyx state ds corresponding wave funn orthogonal gksrs gS

I .e → < φ0 | φ1 >= 0, < φ0 | φ1 >= 0

Then

ψ *ψ = 1

1

2  1 
0
 1   1    1
2

N   < φ0 ( x) | φ0 ( x) > +      < φ1 ( x) | φ1 ( x) +  7  < φ2 ( x ) | φ2 ( x) + ....] =1

 7   7   7    
 1  1  2  1 3 
N 2 1 + +   +   + ..... = 1
 7  7   7  

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 
2  1 
N  =1
1
1 − 
 7

7
N2   =1
6

6
N2 =
7

6
N= Option (d)
7

Ans.11 (*)

Ans. 12 (d) ∆ε =2.23MeV

80 ×1 80
M Br = 80 µ HBr
= =
80 + 1 81

2 × 80 2 × 80
µ HBr
And= =
80 + 2 82

Then this is isotopic effect

1
Then ∆εα
µ

∆ε1 µ 2 µ1
= ⇒ ∆ε= ∆ε
∆ε 2 µ1 µ2 1
2

µ HBr
∆ε= × 2.23MeV
2
µ DBr

80 × 82 × 2.23
∆ε 2 = MeV
81× 2 × 80

∆ε 2 =
1.128MeV
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Option (d)

Ans. 13 (a)

k1 → corner of the zone

πˆ π ˆ
=
k1 i + j [2 − D]
a a

Midpoint of side

πˆ
k2 = i
a

p2  2 / | c |2  
 k = k ⋅k
2
K.E. =
2M 2M

 2 k1
2
  π π
( K .E.)corner = k1 ⋅ k=
1 1 +=
1 2
2M a a

2
( )
2
( K .E.)corner = 2π / a
2M

2 π2 
(=
K .E.)corner 2 2  ⇒
2M a 

 2 π 2 
( K .E.)corner = 2  2 
…(1)
 2M a 
2
 2 k2 π π
2 2

( K .E.) Mid = =
k2 =   
2M  a a

π 
2
2
( K .E.) mid =   …(2)
2M a

( K .E.)corner
=2 option (a)
( K .E.) mid

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Note : In 3-D case

Lattic → cubical shape

πˆ π ˆ π ˆ
( k1 )corner = i + j+ k
a a a

π
( k1 ) mid = a iˆ
xˆ x ˆ
or j or k
a a

Then

( k .E.)corner
=3 ;kn j[kus ;ksX;
(k .E.) mid

Ans. 14 (b) I (t )
R
V(t)

1V c
 1V

+1 0 < t < T / 2


Vi =  T RI L
 −1 < t < T
2

This is integrator (From diagram)

Then

−1
=V0  vi (t ) ⋅ dt
RC ∫

 1
 − RC t + c1 0<t <T /2
V0 = 
+ 1 t + c T
<0<T
 RC 2
2

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 We know that square wave dk integration form saw tooth wave /triangle waveform gksrh gS

Option (b)

Ans. 15 (a) Y=
A ⋅ B ⋅ C • ABC • ABC • ABC

Y=
A ⋅ B ⋅ C + ABC + ABC + ABC

Y=
A ⋅ B ⋅ C + ABC + ABC + ABC

=
Y AC + AC

= ( A + A)C
Y

Y =C

Option (a)

100 2 x 0 
 
Ans. 17 A =
 −x 0 −x 
 0 x 100 2 


For eigen value A − λ I =

0

100 2 − λ x  0
 
= −x 0−λ −x  =0
 100 2 − λ 
 0 x

= (100 2 − λ )[−λ (100 2 − λ ) + x 2 ) − x[− x(100 2 − λ ) − 0] + 0

= (100 2 − λ ) λ 2 − 10 2λ + x 2 + x=
2
 0


100 2 − λ =
0, λ 2 − 100 2λ + 2 x 2 =
0 …(1)

According to question two roots are same .

Then It follow in quardetic eqn

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B 2 − 4 Ac =0

(100 2) 2 − 4(1)(2 x 2 ) =
0

(100) 2 × 2 = 4 × 2x 2

2
 100 
  = x2
 2 

x = ±50

 x>0

So x = 50

2nd Method

 λ1 + λ2 + λ3 =
200 2 [ Tr ( A) = sum of eigen values]

 Two eigen values are same

λ1 + 2λ =
200 2

2λ 200 2 − 100 2
=

2λ = 100 2

λ = 50 2

Then put it in eqn (1)

λ 2 − 100 2λ + 2 x 2 =
0

(50 2) 2 − 100 2 × 50 × 2 + 2 x 2 =
0

(50) 2 × 2 − 50 × 2 × 50 × 2 + 2 x 2 =0

(50) 2 − (50) 2 × 2 + x 2 =0

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(50) 2 [1 − 2] = − x2

−(50) 2 =
− x2

x = ±50

x = 50

3rd Method

100 2 x  0
 
 −x 0  x
 0 x 100 2 

They the eaigey value of the matrix-

100 2 − λ x  0
 
⇒ −x −λ  x
 0 x 100 2 − λ 

(100 ) ( ) (
2 − λ  −λ 100 2 − λ − x 2  − x  − x 100 2 − λ − 0  + 0
    )
( )( (
− 100 2 − λ λ 100 2 + x 2 + x 2 100 2 − λ) ) ( )
( )(
− 100 2 − λ 2 x 2 + λ 100 2 − λ ( ))
−λ 2 + 100 2λ + 2 x =
0

λ 2 + 100 2λ + 2 x =
0

b 2 − 4ac =
0

Whey two eaigey value is same

x = 50

Ans.18
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From snail law

sin i µ2 v1 λ1
= = = µ2 = 4 / 3 v → velocity
sin r µ1 v2 λ2

µ2 λ1
=
µ1 λ2
µ1= air= 1
µ λ1 45º

λ 2 = 1 λ1
µ2 µ2 → λ 2 =??

r
1
λ2 = λ
4 1
3

3
λ2= ×12cm
4

λ2 = 9cm

λ 2 = 90mm

Ans. 19. All student given +5 marks.

Ans. 20

N 2 → Diatomic

T1 = 27.24º C ⇒ T1 = 27.24º +273k = 300 .24 k

P1 = 1 atm

P2 = 2 atm

T2 = ??

∆T = T2 − T1 = ?? Question want

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From poission eqn

T γ P1−γ = constant

7
r =
5

T1γ P11−γ = T2γ P21−γ

1−γ
T2  P1  γ
=
T1  P2 

1− 7/5
T2  1  7/5
= 
T1  2 

2
−
1 7
T2 = (300.24)  
2

T2 = (300.24)(2) 2/7

T2 = 365.996

=T2 92.99º C ≈ 93º C

Then

∆T = 93 − 27.24

∆T =65.76º C

∆T =66º C

Ans. 21 (*) One-D-Box

n=2
n 2π 2  2 n =1
En =
2 ML2

Spin −1/ 2 non-intreacting partical

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So

x 2 2
E0 = 18eV = (2 ×1 + 4)
2 ML2

6π 2  2
18eV =
2 ML2

π 2 2 18
2
= eV …(1)
2 ML 6

Case –IInd

π 2 2
En = (2 ×1 + 2 × 4 + 2 × 9 + 16)
2 ML2

18
En = (2 + 8 + 18 + 16) eV From (1)
6 n=4
n =3
E=
n 44 × 3eV n=2
n =1
En = 132eV

Ans.22 (*)

Ans. 23 Ground state energy of He-atom = −79eV Ionisation energy → 1 e − dks ckgj fudkyus ds
fy, vko”;d ÅtkZ

=
Ei E∞ − E1

Ei = 0 − (−79eV )

Ei = 79eV

−13.6z 2
=E
n 2 (
ev → for He + Ion )
−4 × 13.6ev
E=
(1) 2
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E = −54.4ev He + First Ionization energy

( E ) i = E − E = ( 79 − 54.4) ev = 24.6ev
f i

For lotimes

24.6ev × 10 =
246ev
Ans.24

π 2h2 π 2h2
E0 = 18ev = 2 × +4×
2ma 2 2ma 2

π 2h2
18ev= 2 × ( 6)
2ma 2

π 2h2
= 3ev
2ma 2

Similarly for the 7 ev:-

π 2h2 π 2h2 2π 2 h 2 π 2h2

E = 2× +4×2× +9×2 + 1 × 16
2ma 2ma 2 2ma 2 2ma 2

π 2h2
E= ( 44)
2ma 2

E = 132ev

Ans. 25. v = 0.98C

1
N = N 0 e − λt λ → decay constant =
meau life time

N A N 0 e − λt A
=
N B N 0 e − λtB
152 Meter
2318 m

5km 4848M
NA
= e−λ ( t A − tB )
NB 2682M

sea level
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l
t1 = 1
v

l1 = 4848 1 − ( 0.98 ) = 964.73

2

l1 = 2682 1 − ( 0.98 ) = 533.71

2

l1 964.73
t= = = 177.90 ×10−8
c 3 ×108
1

NA  −143.6 ×10−6 
= exp  −6 
NB  2.2 ×10 

NA
= 0.5206
NB

NA
×100% =
52%
NB

2nd Method

Give That proper life time of uu − 2.2 us The dial ate time is given

τ0
τ= 2
1− v
c2

=τ 11.06 × 10−6 sec

distance distance
t1 = t2 =
v time

152
t1 = t2 = 0.712
0.98c

They N = N 0 e − t / τ

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 0.517 
=NA N 0 e  −
 11.06 

 −0.712 
NB = N 0 e 
 11.00 

Now if we use this negative Sign They The ratio of NA/NB=194

Which is no possible.

So does not seclude this negative sign

NA
× 100 =
52
NB

 1 3
 0 
 2 2 
1  1   3 3 1 3
Ans.26 (a) H = 0 1 0  M =  −  − 0  + 0 +   =− − =−1
  2  2   2  2  4 4
 3
0 −
1
 2 2 

Eigen values H − λ I =
0

 1 1
λ 3 − λ 2 +  − − 1 +  λ + 1 =0

2 2 

λ 3 − λ 2 − λ + 1 =0

λ 2 (λ − 1) − 1( λ − 1) =0

(λ 2 − 1)(λ − 1) =
0

λ =+1, −1, H

Here λ = +1 Degenerate Eigen value.

Then we treat as it non-degenerate case
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λ= 1, −1

Now,

U = eiπ H /2

Hπ πH
=U cos + i sin
2 2

Follow its own characteristic

Now from clay Hamilton Theorem

=U α 2−1 H 1 + α 2− 2 H º

U α1U + α 0 I
=

cos π H πH
+ i sin α1 H + α 0
=
2 2

Put λ =1
π π
cos + i sin α1 + α 0
=
2 2

i α1 + α 0
= …(1)

Put λ = −1
π π
cos − i sin =−α1 + α 0 ⇒ −i =−α1 + α 0 …(2)
2 2

From eqn (1) & eqn (2)

i α1 + α 0
=

−i =−α1 + α 0

2α 0 = 0

α0 =0
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From (1), α1 = i

Now

U α1 H + α 0 I
=

= iH + 0
U

 1/ 2 0 3 / 2
 
U =i 0 1 0 
 3/2 0 −1/ 2 


 i / 2 0 i 3 / 2
 
U = 0 i 0 
i 3 / 2 0 −i / 2 
 

Option (a)

Ques.27 Option will not give in question paper

(a) 3.61%
(b) 2.23%
(c) 2.83%
(d) 4.47%

Ans. 27 (d) From poissly equation

r
π pr 4
v=
8η  l
P = pressure

r = Radius of capillairy

η = viscosity of liquied

 = length of capillairy

v = Flow of liquid per sec /(velocity)

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∆v ∆r ∆p
= 4 + … (1)
v r p

IstMethod

Absolute Method

∆V ∆P 4∆r
= +
V P r

∆V
= 2% + 4 × 1%= 6% (Not match)
V

IInd Method

∆V  ∆P   ∆r 
2 2

=   + 4 
V  P   r 

∆V
= 4 + 4 ×1
V

∆V
= 8 = 2.83% (match) (But Not more appropriate)
V

IIIrd Method

∆V  ∆P  2  ∆r 
2 2

=   + ( 4)  
V  P   r 

∆V
= 4 + 16 ×1
V

∆V
= =
20 4.47%
V

Best method (more appropriate method)

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∆V
= 4.47%
V

Option (d) correct answer

Ans.28 (*) From energy conservation

z
1 2 1 2
mv + I ω + mg ( R + r )ωsθ
S1
mg ( R + =
r) r
2 2 N
R θ PR
S2
Rolling motion dj jgk gSa Y

1 2 1 V2
mg ( R + =
r) mv + I 2 + mg ( R + r )ωSθ
2 2 r X

At contact point p

7
I= Mr 2
5

1 2 17 2V2
g ( R + r )= V +   r 2 + g ( R + r ) cos θ
2 25 r

5+7 2
g ( R +=
r) v + g ( R + r ) cos θ
10

10 g ( R + r )[1 − cos θ ] =
12v 2 …(1)

For circular motion

Mv 2
= Mg cos θ − N
(r + R)

Mv 2
=N Mg cos θ −
r+R

When sphere S1 lose the contact

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Then N = 0

Mv 2
Mg cos θ =
(r + R)

g (r + R) cos θ =
v2

From (1)

log( R + r )[1 − cos θ =

] 12 g ( R + r ) cos θ

10 − 10 cos θ =
12 cos θ

10 = 22 cos θ

10
cos θ =
22

5
θ = cos −1  
 11 

Ans. 29 (a)

=E E0 cos
1
2
(
kx − 3ky − 2 wt zˆ )
Pointing vector s=?

 1  
=S ( E × B)
µ0

iˆ ˆj kˆ
  −∂B   −∂ ∂ ∂ −∂B
∇×E = = ⇒ ∇× E =
∂t ∂t ∂y ∂z ∂t
0 0 Ezˆ

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 ∂   ∂  −∂B
iˆ  Ezˆ  − ˆj  Ezˆ  =
 ∂y   ∂x  ∂t

 − 3  

1
2
(
iˆ  − E0 sin ( kx − 3ky − wt 
2
− ) 

(
ˆj  E0 sin 1 kx − 3ky − wt
2
)  + k2    =
−∂B
∂t
  

1  3 k  +∂B
E0 sin (kx − 3ky − wt )  − kiˆ − ˆj  =
2  2 2  ∂t

1  kx − 3ky − 2 wt   − 3 ˆ k ˆ 
+ E0 cos    2 ki − 2 j  =
B
2 +2 w  

 − 3kiˆ − kjˆ 
=B E0 cos
1
2
(kx − 3ky − 2 wt 
4w
) =  Bˆ
 

iˆ ˆj kˆ
 1    1
=s
µ0
E×B ⇒s = (0 0 zˆ
µ0 ˆ
)
−i − ˆj 0

=
s
1 ˆ
µ 
0
( )
i o + Eˆ z ..Bˆ y − ˆj ( 0 + Ezˆ .Bxˆ ) 


1 ˆ 2  3k  
=s i E0 cos
µ0 
2 1
(
kx − 3ky − 2 wt )  k  ˆ 2
. 
 4w 
− j E0 cos 2
x   
2  4 w  

=s E0 2 cos 2 x iˆ − 3 ˆj  ⇒ s α xˆ − 3 yˆ ( )
Ans.30 (b)

2
L= 2
l ( l + 1) − m 2 
2 
x

 γ π
ψ ( γ 1θ1φ ) =
0.8ψ 100 + 0.6 cos + i sin ψ 311
 3 3

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1 3
ψ ( γ 1=
θ1φ ) 0.8ψ 100 + 0.6 × ψ 311 + i × 0.6 ψ 311
2 2

ψ ( γ 1θ1φ ) = 0.8ψ 100 + 0.3ψ 311 + 0.3 3iψ 311

Normalisation

( 0.8) 2 + ( 0.3) 2 + ( 0.3 × )

2
3 =
1 Wave fun already normalized Then

2 2
0 ( 0 + 1) − 0  × ( 0.8 ) + ( 0.3) 1(1 + 1) − 1 +
2
0.3 3 1(1 + 1) − 1( )
2
= 2 2 2
Lx
2 2 2

2 2
Lx 2 = 0 × ( 0.64) + ( )[ ] .3 3  ( 2 − 1)
2
0.9 2 − 1 +
2 2  

=
Lx
2
2
2
 (
0.09 × 1 + 0.3 × 3 2 
 )
2
=
Lx
2
[ 0.09 + 0.27]
2

0.36 2
Lx 2 = ⇒ Lx 2 = .18 2
2

Ans.31 (c)

For Two dimension Energy state

d
 L  1  2π  2 d 2 −1
p (ε ) = g ε dε = Ω 
d
 
d
 ε .d ε
 2π  2   

( L) 1  2M 
2 2
2 2 −1
g ε d ε = 2π   .ε 2
.d ε
( 2π ) 2 2  2 
L2 1 2 M
g ε dε = 4π 2 .d ε
2π 2  2

Electron density
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g ε d ε 2M π N
E f 2M π

L2
=
2
d ε ⇒ ∫0 n ε d ε = ∫0 2 d ε
2M π
N= dε ⇒ N α E f
2

N1 E1 1
= =
N 2 E2 2

Then Fermi energy will be

E f1 : E f2 = 1: 2

Ans.32 (a)

P0 T0

In Isothermal expansion
↑
P 1P
T0
2
0
2
T0

Q=W 2V0
V0
r→
Heat absorbed=Q

n = 1 Monoatomic,
In isobaric process 5 3
=Cp = R & Cv R
2 2

5 RT0  T0 
Qrej = nc p dt =
⇒ Qrej  2 − T0 
4  

5 RT0
Qrej =
4

→ In Isochoric

3  T 3
Qab = ncv dt ⇒ Qab = R  T0 − 0  ⇒ Qab = RT0
2  2 4

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Then

3 5
Qab= Q + RT0 ⇒ Qrej = RT0
4 4

Qrej
efficiency η = 1 −
Qab

5 3 5
RT0 Q+ RT0 − RT0
η = 1− 4 ⇒ η= 4 4
3 3
Q + RT0 Q + RT0
4 4

2
Q−RT
4 0 4Q − 2 RT0
η= ⇒ η=
4Q + 3RT0 4Q + 3RT0
4

Ans.33 (d)

Deutron (Bound State) = 1 proton + 1 neutron – B.E Momentum of gamma ray

Eγ
ρ=
c
η

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According to linear Momentum conservation

p = px + p y → Linear Momentum of Neutron

Linear Momentum of Proton

Eγ
= px + p y
c

Eγ  px = p p 
= p p + pn............(1)  
c  p y = pn 

Mass of deuteron is m and binding energy is B

mc 2 + B
= m p c 2 + mn c 2

Here m, m p and mn are rest masses of deuteron, proton and neutron.

B
m+ = m p + mn ............. ( 2 )
c2

m p  mn

So from ε q ……….(2)
n

1 B
m=
p m=
n m+ 2 
2 c 
Energy conservation (After and Before the strike of γ − ray

Then

Eγ + mc 2 =E p + En ……….(4)
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mc 2 → Rest Mass energy of Deutron

E p → Re st Mass energy of proton

En → Rest mass energy of neutron

=Ep ( p p c) 2 + m 2p c 4 =
E 2 p 2 c 2 + m02 c 4 

=
and Ep ( pn c) 2 + mn 2 c 4

Then from eq (4)

n

( p c) ( pn c )
2
Eγ + mc
= + m 2p c 4 + + mn2 c 4 ..........(5)
2 2
p

From eq (1) and eq (4)

n n

Eγ
Putting the value of p=
p − pn
c

2
E 
−mc + ( pn c ) + m c +  γ − pn  c 2 + mn2 c 4
Eγ = 2 2 2 4
n
 c 

Eγ is a Fun n of only one variable pn for which value of pn , Eγ has minimum value.

dEγ
So, =0
dpn

Then

E 
2  γ − pn 
dEγ 2 pn c  c 
= =0 −
dpn ( pn c ) + mn2c 4
2 2
2 E 
2  γ − pn  + mn2 c 4
 c 

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 Eγ 
 − pn 
pn c
=  c  ………………………………….(3)
( n ) +
2 2
 γ 
2 4
p c mn c E
 − pn  + mn2 c 4
 c 

Eγ
Then pn =
2c

Eγ
And pp =
2c

Then

2 2
 Eγ   Eγ  2
(E )
γ − mc=
2
  + m p c +   x + mn c
2 4 2 4

 2c   2c 
min

1 B
 m p  mn  m+ 2 
2 c 

 ( Eγ ) 
2
Β 4
2
1
( γ )min
E = + m c 2
2  min
 c 2
+ 
4
m +  c
c2 
 2c 

 ( Eγ ) 
2
1 2 Β 
2

( Eγ )= + mc 2  2 min
 c +  mc + 2 
2

4 c 
min
 2c 

Squaring on both side

(E ) + m 2 c 4 + 2 ( Eγ )min m c 2= (E ) + ( mc 2 + B )
2 2 2
γ min γ min

( Eγ )min
=
1
2mc 2
( 2mc 2 B + B 2 )

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( mc 2 )  B2 
= ( γ )min 2mc  Mc 2 
E 2 B +
 

1 B2 
( E=
γ ) min
2 
2 B +
Mc 2 

Ans.34 (*)

Ans.35 (d)

Note:- to add two 8-bit numbers, you will need 8 full adders

to add two 4-bit numbers, you will need 4 full adders

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Ans.36

F2
−q d +q
Ans.37 (1)
F1 (4)
d d
kq 2 F '
F= F1 − F 2 FB = F3

(1d )
A 2 2 2

d d
+q −q
kq 2 (2) d d (3)
F =
1
F + F3 + 2 F1F3 cos90
1
2 2 
FB = 2 Figure –Ist
4d

 F=
1 F=
3 F

=
F1 2 F − F2 −q d +q
d F ' d

kq 2 kq 2
F = and F2 =
( 2d ) 2 (2 2 )
2 Figure –IInd

2kq 2 kq 2 kq 2
=FA − 2 ⇒=FA  2 2 − 1  …….(1)
4d 2 8d 8d 2  

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FA kq 2  2 2 − 1 
Then =
FB 8d 2 kq 2
4d 2

FA  2 2 − 1 
=
FB 2

FA FA
=  2 − 0.5 ⇒ = 0.914213
FB   FB

Ans.38

E = n1ε1 + n1ε 2 + n3ε 3

z =1 ε e − βε1 ⇒ z = 3e0 β + e −2 βε + 2e − βε

=z 3e −2 βε + 2e − βε

−∂
 E = lnz
∂β

(
lη z =l n 3 + 2e − βε + e −2 βε )
∂ ( 2e − βε ( −ε ) + e −2 βε (−2ε ) 
lnz=  
∂β ( 3 + 2e + e )
− βε −2 β e

∂ 2ε e − βε + e −2 βε 
− lnz =
∂β 3 + 2e − βε + e −2 βε 
ɛ

ε e −2 βε 1 + e − βε   T →Very Low

E = −2 βε − βε
3 + e + 2e  T << 1

E 2ε e 1 + e − βε 
=  e − ε / kt  0
e − βε 3 + 2e −2 βε
+e − βε


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E 2ε e 1 + e −ε / kt 
=
e − βε 3 + 2e −ε / kt + e −2ε / kt 

E 2ε 1
− βε
= β=
e 3 k BT

Ans.39

A xn −1 xn − 2 x3 x2 x1

n!∫ dxn −1 ∫ dx ∫ n−2 dxn − 3 .................∫ dx2 ∫ dx1 ∫ dx0

0 0 0 0 0 0

xn −1 xn − 2 x3 x2 x1
x 
A

n!∫ dxn −1 ∫ dx ∫ n−2 dxn − 3 .................∫ dx2 ∫ dx1  0 

0 0 0 0 0  1 0

A xn −1 xn − 2 x3 x2
x1dx1
n!∫ dxn −1 ∫ dx ∫ n−2 dxn − 3 .................∫ dx2 ∫
0 0 0 0 0
1

x2
x2
A xn−1 xn−2 x3

n ! ∫ dxn −1 ∫ dx ∫ n−2 dxn −3 ................. ∫ dx2  1 

0 0 0 0  2.1  0

A xn−1 xn−2 x3
x2 2
n ! ∫ dxn −1 ∫ dxn − 2 ∫ dxn −3 ................. ∫ dx2
0 0 0 0
2.1

n!∫ dxn −1
xn −1 xn − 2
[x ] n−3

∫ dx ∫
n−3
dxn − 3
0 0
n−2
0 ( n − 3)( n − 4) ....2.1
A

n!∫ dxn −1
xn −1
[x ] n−2

∫ dx ( n − 2)( n − 3) !
n−2
n−2
0 0

n!∫ dxn −1
[x ]
n −1
n −1

0 ( n − 1)( n − 2) !
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A
 x h n −1   An − 0n 
n! 0
⇒ n! = An
n ( n − 1) ! n!

Ans. 40

Spherical Shape.

use condition

F = ma  SurfaceTension = Forcel per unit length

F mv 2 F
= T=
l rl l

mr 2ω 2
T=  v = rω [ spherecal coudition ]
rl

mrω 2 Mass
T=  = λ ( Mass density )
l length

F → Force acting per unit length

R
l → lengthin which force active

But in spherical Force

F
T= → volume in which force active
v

F mr 2ω 2 m
= T= [ A.r = v ]  =ρ
A r .A v

 m
T =   rω 2 Here we use, V → Area
 v

T = ρ rω 2

T
ω2 =
ρr
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ω = T / ρr

T
2π f = r → equilibrium condition
ρr

T
fα
ρ

f Hg THg PH 2 O f Hg 0.487 1
= . ⇒= ×
f H2o TH 2 O PHg f H2o 0.073 13.6

f Hg
= 0.70037
f H2o

2nd Method

Given that have special shape-

mv 2
F=
r

F
= T ( sarface tecsion)
l

mv 2
T= v = rw
r.l

T m
w2 = p=
µ.ρ l

T
ω=
µ.ρ

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1 T
v= at the eqaulicuircy Both Hg and H 2 o have same radius
2π µ.ρ

They

THg
VHg µ Hg PHg
=
VH 2o TH 2o
µ Hq PH o 2

THg 0.487
VHg PHg 13.6 = 0.70
= =
VH 2o TH 2o 0.073
PH 2o 1.0

Ans.41.(a)

∞ dx
∫0 x +4
4

x4 + 4 =0

x 4 = −4

x 4 = 4eiπ ( 2 n +1)

( )
1
x = 2
4 2 4
ei( 2 n +1) π 4 n = 0,1, 2,3

x = 2ei( 2 n +1) π 4

iπ i3π i5π i 7π
x = 2e , 2e , 2e , 2e
4 4 4 4

iπ 1 1
=x =
2e =
4 2 3 2 4e i3π 3  2 
4.2 2  − + i 
4  2 2
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f ( x) = 1

g 1 ( x) = 4 x3

1 i9π 1
lim e =
i 3π 3  1 i 
3
x → 2e 2 24 4 4.2 2  +
4
 2 
2

1  1 i  1  1 i 
3  − 2 + 2  + 3 2  2 + 2 
4.2 2   42

 1 i 1 i 
 2 + 2 − 2 + 2
1  
3
1 1
2 −
2
4.2
( ) ( )
2
2 2

−1 2i π π π
= × 2π i = = =
4.2 2 2 2×2 4×2 8

Ans.42 (d)

1
L= q sin 2 q
2

H = pk qk − L

∂L 1 2
=
pk = sin q
∂q 2

1 1
=H q sin 2 q − q sin 2 q
2 2

Here we don’t eliminate q in this Hamiltonian

So we not define the Hamiltonian

Ans.43 (a)
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One dimensional quantic Harmonic partition fun

1
z=
 ω 
sin   
 2 k BT 

−∂
E = lnz
∂β

 ω 
l n=
z l n1 − l n sinh  
 2kT 

 ω 
cosh  
∂  2kT 
l n z= 0 −
∂β  ω 
sinh  
 2kT 

=E
−∂
= lnz
cosh ω 2kT ( )
∂β  ω 
sinh 
 2kT 

 ω 
E = cot 
 2k BT 

=
Ans. 44 , θ , φ ) V0 cos 2 θ
V (r R=

When the potential is given on a surface of a sphere, then we use formula

 B 
v(r ,θ ) =
Σ  Al r l + l l  pl (cos θ )
l
 r + 1

r →θ v(r , θ ) =0 ⇒ Al =0

Bl
v(r ,θ ) = Σ Pl (cos θ )
l r l +1

At r = R

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B
V0 cos 2 θ = Σ l +l 1 P1 (cos θ ) …(1)
l R

Multiply this eqn by Pl ' (cos θ ) sin θ and integrate this

π
∫0
V0 cos 2 θ Pl ' (cos θ ) sin θ dθ

π Bl
= Σ∫ Pl (cos θ ) Pl ' (cos θ ) sin θ dθ
l 0 R l +1

1 π sin θ
 We know ∫ −1
Pl ( x) Pl ' ( x)dx = ∫ Pl (cos θ ) Pl ' (cos θ )
0 dθ

= 0 l ≠ l '

2 
= = l l '
2l + 1 

π 2 Bl
∫0
V0 cos 2 θ Pl (cos θ ) sin θ dθ =
2l + 1 R l +1

For l = 0 P0 (cos θ ) = 1

π 2
⇒ ∫ V0 cos 2 θ sin θ dθ = B0
0 R

cos θ = t

− sin θ dθ =
dt
π
 −V0t 3 
π 2
0 ∫0
⇒ −V= =
2
t dt  B0
 3 0 R

2V0 2
⇒ = B0
3 R

RV0
⇒ B0
3

For l = 1 Pl (cos θ ) = 2 cos θ

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π 2 B1
⇒ 2 ∫ V0 cos3 θ sin θ dθ =
0 3 B2

2
0 = B1 R 2
3

⇒ B1 =
0

1
For l = 2 P2 (cos θ )
= (3cos 2 θ − 1)
2

π 1 2 B2
⇒ ∫ V0 cos 2 θ × (3cos 2 θ − 1) sin θ dθ =
0 2 5 R3

V0 π 2 B2
⇒
2 ∫0
(3cos 4 θ − cos 2 θ ) sin θ dθ =
6 R3

cos θ = t

− sin θ dθ =
dt
π
−V  3t 5 t 3  V 6 2
⇒ 0 − = 0  − 
2  5 3 0 2 5 3

2 B2
=
5 R5

 4  2 B2
= V=
0 
15  5 R
3

2
B2 = V0 R 3
3

Bl
V (r ,θ ) = Σ Pl (cos θ )
r l +1

B0 B2  3 1
V (r ,θ ) = + 3  cos 2 θ − 
r r 2 2

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RV0 2 V0 R 3  3 1
V (r ,θ ) = + 3 
cos 2 θ − 
3r 3 r  2 2

At r = 2 R

RV0 2 V0 R 3  3 1
v ( r = 2 R, θ ) = + 8  cos 2 θ − 
2 2
3
3(2 R ) 3 R

V0 V0  3 1
= +  cos 2 θ − 
6 12  2 2

V0 V0 V V
= + cos 2 θ − 0 = 0 (1 + cos 2 θ )
6 8 24 8

Ans.45 (c)

Perturbed quantity

=
v H=
1
ε 1 >< 3 + ε 3 >< 1

As asked to find new ground state correction to the order ɛ

→ means, we have to just find 1st order correction in ground state

(1)
1 = ∑ Cm(1) m
m ≠1

Vmi
Cm( ) = Vmi = Perturbed quality
1

Ei − Em

< 2 v 1>
Cm( 2) = < m n >= S mn
E1 − E2

C2( )= ε < 2 1 >< 3 1 > +ε < 2 3 >< 11 >

1

So

C2(1) = 0

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< 3 v 1> ε < 3 1 >< 3 1 > ε < 3 3 >< 11 >
C3(1) = = ⇒ C3( )
1
+
E1 − E3 −2 −2

 ε 
C3( )= 0 +   (1)
1

 −2 

−ε
C3( ) =
1

Then

ε
1 >( ) = C3( ) 3 > = − 3>
1 1

So,

The new ground state correct to the order E (1st order)

ε
1 >= 1 > − 3>
2

Ans.46 (d) E = 3 / 2kt E1 = −13.6eV

1eV × 2 2eV = 13.6eV

=kT = E2 =
3 3 9

N3
= e − β E3
N1

− β ( E3 − E 1 )
=e
1  13.6 
− − +13.6  eV
=e kT  9 

3  13.6 
− 13.6 −  eV
= exp 2 eV  9 

3 8 54.4
= exp − ×13.6 = exp −
2 9 3

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N3
= 1.33 ×10−8
N1

Ans.47 (*)

Ans.48 (d)

Parity multiplicative in nature

ψ * → γγ ψ * = ψπ +π −
(a) (b)

−1 → 1×1 −1 → −1× −1× −1

→ −1× −1 = −1

(c) ψ = ψπ π (d) ψ → ψπ
* 0 0 * 0*

−1 → −1× −1 −1 = −1× −1

=1 −1 =−1

Ans. 49 (d)

µ
For photon gas → P =
3

= du + δω
Q

Q = 0 for adlbatic expansion

0 du + δω
=

v = v.v

d (v.v) + δω =
0

vdu + vdv + pdv =

0

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4
vdu + udv + dv =0
3

4u
vdu + dv =
0
3

u = σT 4

du = 4στ 3 dT

4
v(4σ T 3dT ) + σ T 4 dv = 0
3

dT 1 dV
∫ T
+∫
3 V
=
0

ln T + ln v =
0

1
ln TV 3 = 0
1
TV 3 = const
1 1

1 1 =T v
3 3
TV 2 2

1
 V 3
T2 = T1  1  V2 = 3V1
 V2 
1
 V1  3 2.735
= =
T2 2.735  
1
 3V  3
3

(d ) = 1.896k

Ans.50 (b)
10 pF

This is integrator
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
10kΩ
10kΩ

−
Vin

Vout
+
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So tan θ = −ω Rc
tan θ =−2 × fRF CF
Tanθ =−2 × 3.14 × 50 × 10 × 103 × 10 × 10−12
tan θ =−2 × 3.14 × 5 × 1o −7
θ =π

Ans. 51

P= P0 + PP

m* m*
=P +
ne 2τ 0 ne 2τ p

m*  1 1 
=P  + 
ne 2  τ 0 τ p 

9.1×10−31  1 1 
P −38  −12
+ −12 
9 ×10 × (1.6) ×10  2 ×10
14 2
8 ×10 

9.1×10−31
P= (0.5 ×1012 + 0.125 ×1012 )
3 ×1014 ×1.6 ×1.6 ×10−38

9.1×10−31 × 0.625 ×1012

P=
3 ×1014 ×1.6 ×1.6 ×10−38

=P 0.740 ×105

1 1
σ= =
ρ 0.740 ×105

σ 1.35 ×10−5
=

σ 13.5 ×10−6
=

Ans.52 (*)

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We know that in case of harmonic oscillator

2 2
=x8
4m 2ω 2
( 6 n 2
+ 6 n + 3 ) ×
4m 2ω 2
( 6n 2 + 6n + 3)
For n = 1

2 2
=x8 ( )
15 × (15)
4m 2ω 2 4m 2ω 2
2
 2 
x 8
=  2 2  ( 225 )
 4m ω 

mω
Since α =
2

225
=
226α 4

Ans.53
d  d 
 + 2  + 1 x =
1
dt dt
d   dx 
 + 2 + x =1
 dt   dt 
d 2 x dx dx
2
+ + 2 + 2x =
1
dt dt dt
d 2x dx
2
+ 3 + 2x = 1
dt dt
(D 2
+ 3D + 2 ) x =
1
Auxiliary eq n
N 2 + 3N + 2 = 0
N + 2N + N + 2 =
2
0
N ( N + 2) + 1( N + 2) =
0
( N + 1)( N + 2 ) =
0
N=
−1, − 2
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=CF C1e − t + C2 e −2t
Q 1
=
P.I = e0 x
F ( D) ( D + 3D + 2 )
2

1
P.I = e0 x
2
1
P.I =
2
SOLUTION
=
X C.F + P.I
1
x =C1e − t + C2e −2t + ..........(1)
2
dx
=−C1e − t + ( −2) C2e −2t .......(2)
dt
Boundary Condition
dx 1
=0 and x ( t ) t =0 = −
dt t = 0 2
From eqn (1)
1
At t = 0 , x= −
2
1 1
− = C1 + C2 +
2 2
C1 + C2 =
−1 ………….(3)

From eqn (2)

dx
At t = 0, =0
dt
o =−C1e0 + ( −2) C2 e0
C1 = −2C2
From eq n ……..(3)
−2C2 + C2 =
−1
C2 = 1 and C1 = −2
Solution
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1
x= −2e − t + e −2t +
2

Ans.54

εF
∫ g (ε) dε = N
0

3/2
ε 1  2m* 
∫
1
ε 2dε = N
0 2π 2   2 

εF
1  2m* 
3/2  ε 32 
  =N
2π 2   2  3 
 2
3
 2m*  2
3
3π 2  2  εp 2
= N dens
  

3
3  2  2
εF 2
= 3N π 
2

 2me 

3 × 8.46 × 1028 × ( 3.14) ( )

3
2
1.054 × 10−34
×
( )
3
0 2 × 9.1 × 10−31 2

2
 3 × 8.46 × 1028 × ( 3.14) 2  3
 2 
  ×
 0   2me 

(1.054 × 10 ) −34 2

( )
2
=3 × 8.46 × 1028 3
×
2 × 9.1 × 10−31

ε f = 7.03

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Ans.55

A A
A→ +
2 2

=Q ( B.E ) of daughter − ( B.E ) of parent

( B.E ) 240= 8 × 240

( B.E ) A 2= 9 × 120

Q = 2 × 9 × 120 − 8 × 240

Q = 240

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________