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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
134 viewsProblems of The Month (December 2023)
Uploaded by
Cindy WongCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 8
Math Contest Techni
~ Problems of the month, December ;
Question 1,
Find the remainder when 4 X 20113 is divided by 2013. [Modular arithmetic substitution of negative
sign]
remainder
3
Sy aur = 4X CY Cred 2015) thats cangroent
= _32 (mod 2013) “Daye 2a (ned 3S" PO
Son
Uw leave a comands of 2otat+ -32 = 148]
Question 1,11;
As shown in figure 8, the radius of the smallest circle ig 1 and the rest are radius r, These 4 circles are
mutually tangent to each other, find the value ofr, [Forming of equilateral triangle by side length of the
radius] Poblens mualung padies & cetles thet ere tangent
Dwe tea the center & connect =7 2 right A
CD Pythagoras theorem ] + Semelteneous eg vet on
20 Grrzcr4 leer ta?
yee SRP a kg2te 1 Vln =x4 2 te
£
4c* SFr ap,
ot = A tt
D gpa CORY MT aig oy. aie
ar =x (xt 2)
7 2 4 t2I3)
2sx(Be-d = ez yey cS
Question 1.12: ars 38 Bertte?- Me +z] 2 Bt3,
‘A unit square contains four congruent non-overlapping equilateral triangles as shown in the figure. What
is the largest possible side-length of one of the triangles ?
Neo Derthe se length of eqpilatera! d be x,
’ LL notice that Wwe could form c 30-50-90 rigit A
d 40, s = Start by knowing the 3s.
Cg x
tf Y Math Contest Techni
Jems of the month, December;
Question 1.13:
Itis known that the number 1002004008016032 has a prime factor greater than 250000. Find this prime
factor. [The common factor is y = 2, and make a° — b°]
ob bs (eM AB) = (ab) (a? ob bY) (a #0) Ca? rabtb)
100200400 £016 022 = (ig)84 2(yyD* 4 4 (w)34 & 60)? + Kli0)'t 22
Question 1.14: [1 = (n+ 1) -n= (Vn¥1) -(vn)']
1
1 1
Jinvi * FB a a * a Vio Ti
+ Recel!
fot ° ‘ arb?
caren 2 eete_ at = flow’ 2 (atb)(a-b)
we & Reta TT eg Catt) Cok)?
a tin =
= C2bl2y
> BS Mies t .. + AR > tab,
Towt |, > ae
. pe FE tn + Oat
= 4 ot) FED [lari - Tr i = ATR Soap
Question 1.15: D nt Lott]
— ee
>
(ntt)*n - n* Cot)
ot)
What is the first time, to the nearest Sheet after 3 o'clock that thg clock hand and the minute hand of
the clock make an angle of 35°?
Facteur deck prvtlen : 35° (byhh &n-h) Seri. Jr
wey hour bind = 30” Shrove Negeny Vater
hour howl = oF ce . -+.ca
2 mia = YA 7 Sari
x ? a
6 % 0.5 = my 6° °
t 4 MKB RT re “ ae 3 nae
an ae-gee ‘s 32 *Gor ~
Bein =
Depia = fos, 310 form 35% Math Contest Techni P: - Problems of the month, December :
Question 1.16:
Prove that for all real numbers a,b,c, the following inequality holds :[Eqaulity holds when a- b = 0,b-c =
and c-a=0, namely when a=b = ¢]
Recall ferent
a@ +b? +c? >abt+be+ca yy sCathto = cab tee abt Lect dhe
Webringell terns toahelettehard side : AZ Reeted =7 equal.
wre ict ab-be-ca 2 0 + Go-w*s gre dab th? 2 2
We mettgly both aides by 2: (a-0 scart aac eer > BB
2or42b'+2¢%- Qab-2be -2ea ZO = 26?
Th:s could be enpretied os :
ta-s)*t lq-d?+t lb-2)*2 0 grdwe are done.
Question 1.17:
Prove that if a? +b? +c?
1 then (a - )? + b- 0} +(e - a)" 3)
dab + bre bt Ubetc*™4# ch acta*S3
Expond then :
Group =? Der 4 2b*4207- Job-dbe lac < Fz
teat
2lotb40) ~ Ieb-rbe- a0¢ 23
BeeR: Gree £1/... other-that hep
3la*+ b*4 22) (arbre) # Iab+2be72ed <3
re 3 Cathte)* 23 ok we are done.
Question 1.18 : +
Let n be a positive integer and let x;, Xz, ..,Xn alS0 Yr, Yor» Yq,be 2n positive real numbers. Show that the
tneaualiy: (ty ty beet apenas abit One $Y tote Hook
O - CoudySdnere Leegpakty : act a,2t..t on )lbh 4. the’) 2 (abt. teaba) *
How de we uce D ident’ ty : Tt Lemma — idea = dx, =a,
We Substitute a =VXi and b= Ix, Yy tothe equality :
Cpa) + WY + ARID GI)" +. t Giotn)'2 Cae. 4 kay)?
Wis ca peeetely the Cauchy Schwaee Tnequal-y. Therefore,
for... tu be 2a positive real mmbers, t.)éy%..) Zt AMD)
QED, . 64464
Math Contest Technique Page = Problems of the month, December : wR F 5
Question 1.19:
As shown in Figure 9, AB is the diameter of the semicircle. The points C and D are on the circle and ZCBD
= ZDBA. The chords AC and BD intersect at E, Given that AE = 36 and EC = 28 . Find the length of DE
By%-bisector theorem, AR IEC = 4: #
LOE : 10 -10 - 40 t2K -K age
. AoW SCeB 2 are
ame. May Se aoe 22 32f=40%6 os
Ty: 6652 2 (ae2l2?4!) 24 ve
Fe =a So +26, Sseurere? = Tstxstxa tence
Question 1.2: = 28) x20) x2 t22H
Given that the 4-digit number, abbb is a perfect square, namely abbb = k*2 for some positive integer k
Find the value of b. mz UetK WAKI™t Vee
Ao x BIX oO 4 Ds E 6
saa, Cth TE His Sweetman, be*s 0,1 od 4)
Question 1.21: 38°44 = abph
n(nt1)
Prove that 11 x 22 x 33x-en™ < cs) 2 Hint: AM-GM Inequality]
An-Gm = hath aete mean ez Geometric.
It 2424 343t3t.. tat = 142 3Q)t.. tal
ares 2 MlvtdQatd
2
alet)
(28!) * 2 12%. ,. on oO < ep >» sme
eqyaatity bee when Gl nunbhert are equal.
Question 1.22:
Given that x? + 2y = 7 = y? + 2x, where x > y. Find the value of x— y.
Cerys aang ty? xty = 2
(eayy ex 4 a7 ty Pr2rwyse® -Lestrrriy))* -'0
yrtoe et any - 2(2)=-10 04s
ye ay ige is
. 2-3 “a
taht a2lety) 214 Y
on Gay: 4- &CS = Oo a-y= 4, Math Contest Techni
Jems of the month, December ;
Question 1.23:
As shown in Figure 1, square DEFG is inscribed in the right triangle ABC. It is known that AD = 20 and EB
= 45, find the length of DE
Ane NSFEB
x 2 Coccre sponding 4)
as =
ao SE ra x2 2X45
ms X 2 Jax SK SKF
= S23
Question 1.24:
= 30,
Let n be a positive integer. Vertices of a regular 2n-gon are painted red and blue in an alternating fashion.
All the sides and diagonals of the 2n-gon are drawn. If the number of segments in the diagram with ends
of the same colour is 1122, find the number of segments with ends of different colours. nas Fun
Combinatorics).
0 Qa lneg drown Sime ditt odiagew!
24 b 2
“AM posts make Oe sides
3 6 as Same segrent in d:egmel,
a & 28 By. 12 < alanD 2 0-0]
‘ Ia2=2Ca@-yJ
nda shez 2040-07
Question 1.25:
3x34
SRAM" Ol nti 38
ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral whose diagonals are perpendicular to each other and one of the diagonals
is the diameter of the circle. The area and the perimeter of the quadrilateral ABCD are 48 cm2 and 28 cm
respectively, Find the radius of the circle in cm, [Hint : Property of quadrilateral]
Cyle Guede: lateral Touches the cieumlerene of the © by its verter.
Since the degonal ace perpendiculae = ites chombus.
eaneter = 2(ath) = 2
wath 14
Area = abz4g
=) axb+=6xé =“4E
Radius of arcle ‘Math Contest ‘Technique Page - Problems of the month, December: we yeas
Question 1.26: ieee
Hua Fen writes a sequence of 10 integers (which may be negative), so that each number of the sequence,
starting from the third, is equal to the sum of the two numbers that before it. The first number in the
sequence is 1020 and the last is 0. What is the sum of all the numbers is the sequence? [Recurrence
relation : Connecting everything to the first term] 34a, + 2a, =0
Av ,4) 43, . 94 Sig Oy 630
We relete everything t he Gest 2 terms
D> %2%4t aA, = (Baer Fa,
43 =F Oq 2 4gtaq = 2lart 3a
dart % yp = aqtes = 34a, + lo,
Gs Gat% = 3a+ 2a, -. Sums Yea, + 55%
a + 4st4q = 5a, +t 30, = (6300+ SFUO20)
Question 1.27: aa out as = Ba + 5% = 660%
Let ABCD be a convex quadrilateral such that pap =45+ ,ZADC = ZACD= 75° , and AB= CD =2.
Find the length BC. [Prove of congruent triangle by isosceles triangle or equilateral triangle]
Comey Gpodeleteral ABCD :
o 2 B A 2 8
A as
ix)
e
ay = Aste
D yh
Questionz28 = ©
Clarissa opens a pet shop that sells three types of pets: goldfishes, hamsters, and parrots, The pets inside
the shop together have a total of 14 wings, 24 heads, and 62 legs. How many goldfishes are there inside
Clarissa’s shop?
Cadtish = %, hamster = Y, perot = 2
xtyt 2224 — cinges 22 x14 Lege: tyA2R se
Xt 1t FEU = iF 2yt 2 237
x: Ss, Y 12
uy
3
ty
Question 1.29
Suppose that this decade begins on 1 January 2020 (which is a Wednesday) and the next decade begins
on 1 January 2030. How many Wednesdays are there in this decade? 203, © Fei
Tanuary (2020 = ued Jan | 2021 = Fei (same commen eer) ae St
27 26622 (rod # | =? Srwecks = Nednesdey 106 24: Te
+,
2 Thet means that + Jan | 2025= Wed oe cl
3031 Jon 2021 SEX2+ SUK E = 38
24:
Wed Thee Fa .
7 Oecenber always have S _ thet ace same ac Yoa4 Cho matter leap yr.) o>
Math chni Problems of the month, Decem!
Question 13
Hafiz marks k points on the circumference of a circle. He connects every point to every other point with, ,
straight lines, If there are 210 lines formed, what is k? k a
ine
This is the Same 65 Geanectiny points Fd rum] | ab
nit!)
2eent =A2-1 Aiolimeg = “Ss goo alah) = d0(20)
et kage
int = =
pe 221,
Question 131
Given an isosceles triangle ABC with AB = AC. Let D be a point on AB such that CD is the bisector of ZACB.
If CB = CD, what is ZADC, in degrees?
"go =% = 2x APC = I¥o-2x
(ho-x = 4% = Ito -F2
1ey = SX = loe*,
x = 36
c
Question 1.32
Aperfect square ends with the same two digits. How many possible values of this digit are there?
[IMONST 2020]
Question 1.33
Farah received a calendar for year 2020 as a gift. Once the year ends, she plans to keep it because she can
reuse the exact same calendar in a future year N (this means that for any given date in year N, it will fall
on the same day as in year 2020. For example, 5 September in year N will fall on Saturday, as is 5
September 2020). What is the smallest possible N? [IMONST Sample 3]
Year2020 is a leap Vearand it takes a cycle of prab.nin F:
1 Jen 2020 dae sde . 35 = Son festee |
2021 meyer ane x cies thekedet”
zor > Fr hu = hon 332 Wed 44 oR.
cous: Set serge ez the 4S
OMe a2 The ans be Tate
Se = Wel Loot leoe) wae Ba to se
2+ > Thue 342 Set Hl Mon ee, Math Contest Techni Problems of the month, Decem|
Question 1.34:
It is known that the number of female students in a class is more than 48% but less than 50% of the total
number of students, What is the smallest possible number of students in the class? [OMK Hots]
ReXthe no. of femcle ctuobet be X,
pea SX KOHN ene S0x-250 So FNS 72S
4kn & loox < 50n =n < 29 (2x~n) Lo a>
D2 2 2 - nz
Wan ¢ 50x < 25n 2S (2x-9) <0 tobe odd)
2x-ne-l z snetiesy
t
FEN TLE LG vain lr) ctrberts a lass,
Question 1.35: "
Given a= V4 + 2 + 1,find the value of +5 +4
Extension, Find number of integers which satisfies the inequality =
