Solutions |27

Colligative properties: The properties which depend upon the relative number of solute and
solvent particles but do not depend upon the nature of solute. Colligative properties are: (i) Low
ering of vapour pressure, (i) Elevation in boiling point, (ii) Depression in freczing point and
(iv) Osmotic pressure.
Osmosis : When a solution is separated from its solvent by a semipcrmeable membrane, the
spontaneous flow of solvent molecules into the solution through the semipermeable mem-
brane is called Osmosis.
Osmotic pressure: The excess hydrostatic pressure which is developed as a result ofosmosis
or the excess pressure which must be applied to the solution to prevent the passage of solvent
into it through a semipermeable membrane.
Formula of osmotic pressure (r)= RT = CRT.
Hypertonic solution : Solution which osmotic pressure is higher than the other given solu-
tion is called hypertonic solution.
Isotonic solutions have equal molar concentration.
is
WgRT
Relation between osmotic pressure and molecular mass Mg =
aV
Relation between Elevation in boiling point and molecular mass Mg
x1000
AT, XW, =
MgxWA
depression in freezing point and
molecular mass Mß
Relation between
KxWgx1000
AT,= MgXWA
water decreases.
in water, boiling point of
On adding ethylene glycol dissociation,
there is no association or
van't Hoff factor @): When
Observed value of colligative property
i=-Calculated value of colligative property
ofi: Maximum value ofi for KFe(CN) is 5.
Maximum value
55.6
Molality of water is
m.
Objective Type Questions
Choose the correct answer: concentration of solute will
Q.1. of a solution of molal
The elevation in
boiling point
1. solvent is: (d) Chloroform.
be m a x i m u m theif (c) Benzene
alcohol (b) Acetone known as:
(a) Ethyl pressure
are
Solutions
osmotie
of similar(b) (c) Isotonic
(d) Normal.
2.) Hypertonic neutralize 10 ml of 1 N
NaOH:
(a) Hypotonic is required to (d) 10 ml.
of 1 M H,S0,
3. How many ml (b) 25 ml
(c)5 ml
from Raoult's
deviation
positive
(a) 20 ml solution does not show
following
Which of the
4 law
(b) Benzene acetone
chloroform CCl4
(d) Benzene
-
(a) Benzene in 2 litre wa.
-
dissolved
ethanol 9-8 gm H,S04
(c) Benzene
-
containing
solution of H,SO4
5. Molarity of (d) 0-2 M.
(C)001 M
teris (b) 0-05 M
(a) 0.1 M water boiling point of water Cannot be said.
salt in change (d)
(c) Does not
common
6. On dissolving (b) Increases
(a) Decreases
 8| Navbodh Diglarshika Chemistry : Class XII
When blood cells are kept in high osmotic pressure solution than cellsane
(a) They contract (b) They swell up then
(c) Not affected (d) F'irst contract then swell.
All of the following form ideal solution, except one
(a) C,H,Br and C,H,C (b) CH,CI and C,H,Br
(C) CGH, and (d) C,HsI and C;H,0OH.
.
CH,CH
According to Raoult's law relative lowering of vapour pressur of solution
non-volatile solute is equal to
(a) Mole fraction of solvent (b) Mole fraction of solute
(c) Mass percent of solvent (d) Mass percent of solute.
10. For osmotic
pressure (P), volume (V) and temperature (1) which of the
ing statement is false: follo
(a) Poif
T is
constant (b) PT if T is constant
(c) Po V if T is
11. Whose
constant (d) PV is constant if T is constant.
boiling point is highest at 1 atm. pressure:
(a) 0.IM glucose (b) 0-IM BaCl2 (c) 0-IM NaCI (d) 0-1M urea.
Semipermeable membrane is chemically
(a) Copper ferrocyanide
(b) Copper ferricyanide
(c) Copper sulphate
(d) Pottassium ferrocyanide.
13. Which among the
following is a colligative property
(a) Surface tension (b) Viscosity Osmotic
14. c) pressure (d) Optical solution.
Experimental molecular mass of an
culated value because value of van'telectrolyte
will 'always be less than' its cal
Hoff factor i is
(a) Less than I (b) More than 1
15.
(c) Equal to 1 (d) Zero.
In molal solution, 1 mole
(a) In 1000 gm. solvent
of solute substance is dissolved in:
(b) In I litre solution
(c) In 1 litre solvent
(d) In 22-4 litre solution.
16. If boiling point of solution is T, and boiling point of solvent is
in boiling point will be 'T2, then elevation
(a) T +T2 (b)T-T2 (c) T2-T
17. Colligative property is: (d) TT2
(a) Change in free energy (b) Change in pressure
(c) Heat of vapourisation
(d) Osmotic pressure.
18. Gram molality of a solution is:
(a) Number of molecules of solute per 1000 ml solvent
(b) Number of molecules of solute per 1000 gm solvent
(c) Number of molecules of solute per 1000 ml solvent
(d) Number of gm equivalent of solute per l000 ml solvent.
19) An Ideal solution is that:
(a) Which represents negative deviation towards Raoult's law
(b) Which represents positive deviation towards Raoult's law
(c) Is not related to Raoult's law
(d) Obey's Raoult's law
20. Order of osmotic pressure of BaCls NaCI and glucose
solutions of same molar
ity will be
(a) BaCl,> NaCl >Glucose (b) NaCl > BaCl, >Glucose
(c) Giucose > BaCl, > NaCl (c) Glucose > NaClBaCl
>
 Solutions | 29
21. A solution contains 20 mole solute and total number of moles is 80. Mole frac-
tion of solute will be:
(a) 2:5 (b) 0-25 (c)1 (dy 075
22. A solution contain 1 mole of water and 4 moles of ethanol. The mole fraction of
water and ethanol in solution will be:
(a) 0-2 water +0-8 ethanol (b) 0-4 water +0-6 cthanol
(c) 0-6 water +0-8 ethanol (d) 08 water +0-2 ethanol
23.) Colligative properties ofsolution depends upon
(a) Nature of solvent
(b) Nature of solute
(c) Number of solute particles present in solution
(d) None of these.
(24.) Molality of pure water is:
(a) (a) 55-6 (b) 50 (c) 100 (d) 18.
(25. Is not a colligative property:
(a) Osmotic pressure (b) Vapour pressure depression
(d) Boiling point elevation.
( c ) Freezing point depression
26) Formula for determining osmotic pressure:
nRT (b) P=nRT nRT
(a) 7 =. (c) T=- (d) P
m Vd V
to that of theoritical value is
27. Ratio of observed value of colligative property
known as:
(a) Colligative property (b) van't Hoff factor
(d) Specific constant.
(c) Solution constant
Raoult's law:
show positive deviation from
28. Which of the following does not (b) Benzene-acetone
(a) Benzene-chloroform
(c) Benzene-ethanol (d) Benzene-CCI
fraction of urea
gm urea (mol.
wt 60) dissolved in 180 gm ofwater. The mole
29 6
will be:
01 10-1
10 10-1 (C) 10.1 (d) .1
(a) 10.1 (b)10 7. (a), 8. (d), 9. (b), 10. (c),
11. (b), 12. (a),
4. (a), S. (b), 6. (b),
Ans. 1. (c), 2. (c), 3. (c), 19. (d), 20. (a), 21. (b),
22. (a), 23. (c).
16. (b), 17. (d), 18. (b),
13. (c), 14. (b), 15. (a),
27. (b), 28. (d), 29 (c).
24. (a), 25. (b), 26. (c),
will be
Q.2. Fill in the blanks: in the solution
normal state
solute showing
Hoff factor for a
Value of van't
(1
*****.... One.
relative lowering in vapour pressure
is.
mathematical expresssion for
2. The
1000 gm solvent
is known a s . . * * * *
Number of
moles ofsolute in change in its
composition is called.
mixture which
boil without any molecules can pass through.
4 Liquid membrane only. .
at high attitudes
atmospherie
5. Through semipermeable decreases because
boiling point of water
Athigh altitudes
6.
pressure is... ********
is
(2Molality of water
is a solution ...
of * * * * * * *
as
* * "
solution is known
. . .
8. Soda water moles of solute
present in
one litre
deviation.
9.) Number ofsolution 95.4% of H,0+CH,OHrepresents..
10. Non-ideal of
 30| Navbodh Digdarshika Chemistry : Class Al
Ans. 1.
Equal, 2, A A 3. Molality, 4. Azeotropic liquid mixture, 5. Solvent,6
PA
7. 55-6 m, 8. Gas in liquid, 9. Molality, 10. Positive.
Q.3. Match the following:
A B
. Molarity
(a) No. of moles of solute
Mass of solvent in kg
2. Molality
(b) No. of gm. equivalent ofsolute
Volume of solution in litre
3. Normality No. of moles of solute
(c)
Volume of solution in litre
4. Solution of in
gas
5. Solution of solid in
liquid (d) mol kg
gas (e) mol dm
6. In
semipermeable membrane (1)
7. Molality
Smoke
(g) Similar molar concentration
8. Molarity
(h) Soda water.
Ans. 1. (C), 2. (a), 3. (b), 4.
(h), 5. (), 6. (g), 7. (d), 8. (e).
Q.4. Answer in one word / sentence:
1. Write the formula to determine normality.
2.)What is the unit ofmolality?
3. Write the formula which states the relation between
sure and mass of solute. relative lowering in
vapour pres
4. What is the
property of a dilute solution which depend on the
in it ? number of solute preset
5) What is Raoult's law ?
(6.) Give an example of non-ideal solution
showing
Give an example of non-ideal solution showing positive deviation.
8)Give an example of antifreeze negative deviation.
9. Write the unit of compound.
representing
10. Write the example of minimumpollution.
boiling constant solution.
Ans. 1. Mass of solute
Normality = x 1000
Equivalent mass of solute x Volume of solution in ml 2. Mole per
kilogram, P-'a
P Mg A,4.Colligative
WA properties, 5. adefinite te At
perature, for a solution of a non-volatile solute relative
is equal to the mole fraction lowering in vapour pressure
of solute, o. CHJCOCHg+CgHo,
8. Ethylene glycol, 9. ppm, 10. 96-4% C2H;OH +4-5%
7.CHCI+CH,cOCH H,O.
NCERT INTEXT ExXERCISES
Q.1. Calculate the mass percentage ot
(CCI) if 22 g of benzene is dissolved in 122 gbenzene (CH,) and carbon tetrachloride
of carbon tetrachloride.
Sol. Mass of solution Mass of benzene + Mass
=
of CCI,
22g+ 122g = l44g