4-£. Resultants of Force Systems
Any system of forves, however complex, can be reduced to an equivalent force-couple system at a given
point consisting of a force which is equal to the sum of the forces of the system and a couple vector of moment
equal to the moment resultant of the system. This equivalent force-couple system characterizes completely the
effect of the given force system on the rigid body.
4.£-1. Coplanar Force Systems
‘The resultant of a coplanar force system can be expressed as
R-RGtRG
where: R,==F, and R,= ZF,
and the magnitude R and direction angle 0, measured from the x-component, can be computed respectively, from
the equations
R=
R,
P+ R,? and @ = tan! p
The location of the line of action of the resultant with respect to an arbitrary reference point, say O, can be
determined by applying the principle of moments. Hence,
ME=EM,
1. Three forces are applied to a beam as shown in the figure. Replace the three forces by an equivalent force-
couple system at point C. (Riley, 1993)
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2. A couple of magnitude M = 540 mN-m and three forces shown are applied to an angle bracket. Find the
resultant of this system of forces and locate the points where the line of action of the resultant intersects the
line AB and line BC. (Beer, 1998)
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4. Determine the magnitude and direction @ of force F and the couple moment M such that the loading system
is equivalent to a resultant force of 600 N, acting vertically downward at O, and a clockwise couple moment
‘of 4000 N-m. (Hibbeler, 1986)
800 N4,g. Distributed Normal Loads
The resultant force of a normal loading distributed over a plane area (surface load) can be determined as
follows:
1. The magnitude of the resultant force is equal to the volume of the region between the load area and the load
surface,
2. The line of action of the resultant force passes through the centroid of the volume bounded by the load area
and the load surface.
If the width of the loading arca is negligible compared to its length, a distributed load can be represented
as a line load. Line loads are characterized by the load intensity w, a function of the distance measured along the
line of distribution. The resultant force of a straight- load can be determined as follows:
1. The magnitude of the resultant force is equal to the area under the load diagram.
2. The line of action of the resultant force passes through the centroid of the area under the load diagram.
1. A beam is subjected to a system of loads that can be represented by the load diagram shown in the figure.
Determine the resultant R of this system of distributed loads and locate its line of action with respect to the
left support of the beam. (Riley, 1993)
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2. Determine the resultant force and specify where it acts on the beam measured from A. (Hibbeler, 2010)
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3. Replace the loading by a single resultant force and specify its location on the beam measured from point 0.
(Hibbeler, 1986)
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