Course: Feedback & Control System Instructor: Engr. Robert B. Miranda Jr.

Program: BSECE Date:

Feedback
and
control system
laboratory activity

Group 1:
Theodore M. Batangan
Mark Angelo S. Ramos Jr.
Charles Daryll Contridas
Cristian Cedrick Macaburas

BSECE 3

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Course: Feedback & Control System Instructor: Engr. Robert B. Miranda Jr.

Program: BSECE Date:

Laboratory Activity No. 2

Basic Filter Circuits

Learning Objective:
To understand the design, implementation, and analysis of low-pass, high-pass, & band-pass filters using
basic electronic components and to observe their behavior using an oscilloscope and a signal generator.

Introduction
Filters are crucial in electronic systems for selecting or rejecting signals at certain frequencies. This lab
focuses on four basic types of filters:

Low-Pass Filter (LPF): Allows signals with frequencies lower than the cutoff frequency to pass through
while attenuating higher frequencies.
High-Pass Filter (HPF): Allows signals with frequencies higher than the cutoff frequency to pass through
while attenuating lower frequencies.
Band-Pass Filter (BPF): Allows only the signals within a specific frequency range to pass through.

Materials:
Resistors
Capacitors
Oscilloscope
Signal Generator
Breadboard and connecting wires

Procedure/Exercise
1. Construct the low pass filter, high pass filter, bandpass filter circuit on the breadboard according to
the schematic.

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Course: Feedback & Control System Instructor: Engr. Robert B. Miranda Jr.

Program: BSECE Date:

10k

5nF

10k

15 nF

10k / 5nF

10k / 15nF

Connect the signal generator to the input of the filter and the oscilloscope to both the input and output.

Apply a sine wave signal and gradually increase the frequency. Observe and record the output waveform
and amplitude.

LOW PASS FILTER

R= 10kΩ

C= 5nF

Frequency (Hz) Input Voltage Output Voltage Gain (Output/Input)

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Course: Feedback & Control System Instructor: Engr. Robert B. Miranda Jr.

Program: BSECE Date:

(Peak-Peak Voltage) (Peak-Peak Voltage)

100 10 -19.828 1.9828

400 10 -19.218 1.9218

500 10 -19.012 1.9012

1,000 10 -16.920 1.6920

5,000 10 -6.018 0.6018

7,000 10 -4.398 0.4398

HIGH PASS FILTER

R= 10kΩ

C= 15nF

Frequency (Hz) Input Voltage Output Voltage Gain (Output/Input)

(Peak-Peak Voltage) (Peak-Peak Voltage)

100 10 -1.865 0.1865

400 10 -7.040 0.7040

500 10 -8.448 0.8448

1,000 10 -13.667 1.3667

5,000 10 -19.385 1.9385

7,000 10 -19.689 1.9689

BAND PASS FILTER

R= two (10kΩ)

C= 5nF and 15nF

Frequency (Hz) Input Voltage Output Voltage Gain (Output/Input)

(Peak-Peak Voltage) (Peak-Peak Voltage)

400 10 -6.530 0.6530

500 10 -7.631 0.7631

Program: BSECE Date:

600 10 -8.565 0.8565

1,000 10 -10.811 1.0811

5,000 10 -9.224 0.9224

7,000 10 -7.518 0.7518

Observation
the capacitor and resistor are inversely proportional to the frequency. The higher the capacitance and
resistance, the lower the frequency.
Base on the formula given, in lowpass filter we measure the stored reactance in the circuit as voltage output.
In High pass filter, we measure the output voltage in the resistor.
In lowpass filter, we observe the reaction of the components in the frequency, as the capacitor storing energy
the frequency is increasing
In High pass filter, we observe that the parallel resistor is the one draining the energy so the frequency
Band-pass filter is quite hard to find the specific value to show how the amplitude of the other signal
frequencies are attenuated.

Conclusion
Low-pass filter allow low-frequency signals to pass through while attenuating high-frequency signals.
High-pass filter permit high-frequency signals to pass through while attenuating the low-frequency signals.
Band-pass filters selectively allow a specific range of frequency to pass through while attenuating the
frequencies outside of that specific range.

References

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Course: Feedback & Control System Instructor: Engr. Robert B. Miranda Jr.

Program: BSECE Date:

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Course: Feedback & Control System Instructor: Engr. Robert B. Miranda Jr.

Program: BSECE Date:

Documentation:

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Course: Feedback & Control System Instructor: Engr. Robert B. Miranda Jr.

Program: BSECE Date:

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Course: Feedback & Control System Instructor: Engr. Robert B. Miranda Jr.

Program: BSECE Date:

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