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Expt No 07

The document discusses using SCRs (Silicon-Controlled Rectifiers) to control the speed of a DC motor. SCRs can be triggered to regulate the voltage supplied to the motor, thereby controlling its speed. The experiment's objective is to learn about UJTs and how to implement an SCR firing circuit. It describes how an AC supply is rectified and smoothed, then the SCR is triggered at a delay angle to allow current flow through the motor. Adjusting this delay angle controls the effective voltage and motor speed.

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Nahid Hasan
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19 views

Expt No 07

The document discusses using SCRs (Silicon-Controlled Rectifiers) to control the speed of a DC motor. SCRs can be triggered to regulate the voltage supplied to the motor, thereby controlling its speed. The experiment's objective is to learn about UJTs and how to implement an SCR firing circuit. It describes how an AC supply is rectified and smoothed, then the SCR is triggered at a delay angle to allow current flow through the motor. Adjusting this delay angle controls the effective voltage and motor speed.

Uploaded by

Nahid Hasan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment No: 07

Name of Experiment: Speed Control of a Dc motor Using SCR.

Objective:

 To learning about the operation and characteristics of a Uni-junction Transistor.


 To learn how to implement the SCR firing circuit using UJT.

Theory:

Speed control of DC motors is a fundamental aspect of various industrial and automation


processes. One of the common methods to achieve speed control is by using Silicon-Controlled
Rectifiers (SCRs), also known as Thyristors. SCRs are semiconductor devices that can be controlled
to regulate the amount of DC voltage supplied to the motor, thereby controlling its speed. This
report discusses the principles, advantages, and challenges associated with using SCRs for speed
control of DC motors. The speed of a DC motor is directly proportional to the applied voltage. By
regulating the voltage supplied to the motor, its speed can be adjusted. SCRs are bi-directional
devices that can be triggered to conduct current only in one direction. They are controlled using
a gate signal, which determines the point in the AC waveform when the SCR will start conducting.

 Rectification:

The AC supply voltage is first rectified to obtain a pulsating DC voltage using a bridge rectifier.
This pulsating DC voltage is then smoothed using a capacitor to reduce the ripple.

 Triggering the SCR:

The SCR is triggered at a specific point in the AC waveform by applying a gate signal. This causes
the SCR to conduct, allowing current to flow through the motor.

 Control Method:

By adjusting the delay angle at which the SCR is triggered in each AC half-cycle, the effective
voltage applied to the motor can be controlled. A larger delay angle results in a lower average
voltage, reducing the motor speed, while a smaller delay angle increases the speed.
Circuit Diagram:

Fig7.1: Speed control of a dc motor using SCR

Experimental Parameters:
1. Dc source 12 V
2. Single Phase Step Down Transformer 220V-12V
3. Load LED
4. SCR 2P4M( Model)
5. POT 10-100kΩ
6. Resistor 1kΩ, 100kΩ
7. Capacitor 10uF, 100uF

Procedure:
1. At first we make the hardware connection shown in fig 7.1 and observe the gate signal in the
oscilloscope and trying to vary the delay angle by varying R3.
2. Then making the hardware connection shown in fig 7.1 and observing the output waveforms
across the Thyristor and a resistive load by varying the delay angle.
3. Repeat the step 2 for a motor.
Discussion:
Speed control of a DC motor using Silicon Controlled Rectifiers (SCRs) involves adjusting the firing
angle of the SCR to regulate the voltage applied to the motor. By varying the firing angle, the
effective voltage across the motor armature changes, influencing its speed. This method offers
smooth speed control and high efficiency, making it suitable for applications requiring precise
speed adjustments. Additionally, SCR-based speed control systems are known for their
robustness and reliability, contributing to their widespread use in various industrial applications.
However, careful design and implementation are crucial to prevent issues like electromagnetic
interference and ensure optimal motor performance.

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