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Basic Tech JS 1 Notes

This document discusses building materials and types of buildings. It identifies common building materials like sand, gravel, cement, wood, glass, and plastics. It also lists various types of buildings such as mud buildings, brick buildings, sandcrete buildings, wood buildings, and high-rise buildings. Finally, it outlines materials used for foundations, walling, and roofing of buildings. The key purposes of buildings are listed as protection, shelter, privacy, comfort and security.

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chelaw Richard
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579 views

Basic Tech JS 1 Notes

This document discusses building materials and types of buildings. It identifies common building materials like sand, gravel, cement, wood, glass, and plastics. It also lists various types of buildings such as mud buildings, brick buildings, sandcrete buildings, wood buildings, and high-rise buildings. Finally, it outlines materials used for foundations, walling, and roofing of buildings. The key purposes of buildings are listed as protection, shelter, privacy, comfort and security.

Uploaded by

chelaw Richard
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SECOND TERM LESSON NOTE

SUBJECT: BASIC TECHNOLOGY


CLASS: JSS 1
TOPIC: BUILDING MATERIALS/TYPES OF BUILDING
A building is a structure with wall and roof, such as house or factory.
COMMON BUILDING MATERIALS:
1. Sand: This is the commonest building material that is mixed with cement and water for
building. Two types of sand are: (i) sharp sand (ii) soft sand.
2. Gravel: This is a constituent of concrete used in building construction. Gravel particles are
larger than sand particles. Gravel is derived from weathering and erosion of rocks.
Two types of gravel are (i) Pebbles (ii) Granite chipping.
3. Cement: This is a finely powdered manufactured substance that hardens after being mixed
with water.
4. Wood: This is the natural product from the trunk of trees used for building construction.
Woods are used to produce wooden doors, and windows and also used as roof and ceiling
structures.
5. Leaves and grasses: These are not commonly used nowadays, but were good roofing covering
materials in the past.
6. Glass: It is transparent and mostly used in windows and doors.
7. Plastics and ceramics: These are factory produced and are generally used as sewage pipes for
drainage wastes.
TYPES OF BUILDING
1. Mud building: These are erected with loamy/clay soil which has been properly treated to
plastic nature.
2. Brick building: Bricks are moulded from dried mortar (mixture of cement, sand and lime) and
at times clay. Two types of bricks are (i) Sun dried bricks (ii) Fire burnt bricks.
3. Sandcrete building: Sandcrete blocks are made from the mixture of cement and sand.
4. Wood building: These are erected with logs (large pieces of wood from tree), timber or
plywood.
5. Hut building: This is small unit of ancient design built with mud, usually round in shape and
usually covered with thatch.
6. Bungalows: These are buildings that only occupy the ground floor.
7. Duplex: This is a compact storey building usually roofed at the first floor and only designed to
accommodate single family unit.
8. Detached buildings: These are built and designed to occupy a single plot of land. These are in
most cases residential apartment. This could be in form of bungalows duplexes.
9. Semi-detached buildings: These are two or more housing units built with a common wall
boundary to mark the extent of each building on a plot of land. This could be bungalow or
duplex.
10. High rise buildings: These are fairly tall buildings of modern design with all modern amenities
like water supply and electricity.
11. Sky scrapers: These are very tall buildings of at least forty-five storeys. They are public
buildings designed purely as offices and for governmental activities.
MATERIALS FOR FOUNDATION WORKS:
1. Concrete
2. Wood
3. Stone
4. Sand
5. Brick
6. Concrete block
7. Aggregate(mixture of sand, gravel, cement, water to make concrete, mortar or plaster)
8. Fly ash.
MATERIALS FOR WALLING:
1. Brick
2. Concrete
3. Stone
4. Sand
5. Tiles
6. Plaster
7. Wood
8. Paint
9. Granite
10. Glass
11. Marble
12. Ceramics tiles
13. Plastics
MATERIALS FOR ROOFING
1. Wood
2. Zinc
3. Concrete tiles
4. Clay tiles
5. Metal tiles
6. Steel
7. Slate tiles
USES OF BUILDING
1. For protection
2. For shelter
3. For privacy
4. For comfort
5. For security.

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