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Assignment 1 Solution

This document contains an assignment from the Electronics and Communication Engineering department at SITARAMBHAI NARANJI PATEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH CENTRE, UMRAKH. The assignment includes 4 questions related to microprocessors and microcontrollers. The questions cover the differences between microprocessors and microcontrollers, Von Neumann and Harvard architectures, CISC and RISC architectures, and criteria for selecting a microcontroller.

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Virang Patel
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43 views

Assignment 1 Solution

This document contains an assignment from the Electronics and Communication Engineering department at SITARAMBHAI NARANJI PATEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH CENTRE, UMRAKH. The assignment includes 4 questions related to microprocessors and microcontrollers. The questions cover the differences between microprocessors and microcontrollers, Von Neumann and Harvard architectures, CISC and RISC architectures, and criteria for selecting a microcontroller.

Uploaded by

Virang Patel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A Vidyabharti Trust Institution

SITARAMBHAI NARANJI PATEL Vidyabharti Campus, At. Ta. Bardoli, Dist. Surat-394345
Ph.02622-224581, 220581 Fax : 02622-227481,225458
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH CENTRE, Email : [email protected], [email protected]
UMRAKH Visit us on : www.snpitrc.ac.in

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT


Assignment 1 | 6th semester | Subject: MPMC (3160914)

Sr. Questions CO
No.
1 List four major differences between a microprocessor and microcontroller. CO1
2 Explain basic differences between Van Neumann and Harvard architecture. CO1
3 Explain basic differences between CISC and RISC architecture. CO1
4 Explain criteria to select a Microcontroller. CO1
Solution:

1. List four major differences between a microprocessor and microcontroller.


SR. Microprocessor Microcontroller
No.
1 Microprocessors mainly contain only Unlike microprocessors, microcontrollers
processing unit, peripherals like RAM, ROM have peripherals like RAM, ROM etc.
etc. has to be connected externally. embedded into the chip.

2 Microprocessors widely uses Von Neumann Microcontrollers widely uses Harvard


architecture architecture.
3 The clock speed in which a microprocessor The clock speed in which a microcontroller
can operate is quite HIGH when compared to can operate is quite LOW when compared to
a microcontroller. Usually it is above 1GHz. a microprocessor. Usually it ranges from
20MHz to 120MHz.

4 Microprocessors have very high Microcontrollers have less computational


computational capacity when compared to a capacity when compared to a
microcontroller. microprocessor. It is intended for simpler
tasks.

5 Higher power consumption. Lesser power consumption.


6 Microprocessor is commonly used in general Microcontroller is commonly used for
purpose applications like in a computer application specific purposes like in
system. embedded systems.
7 Commonly used in personal computers, Commonly used in washing machines, smart
laptops, smartphones etc. door locks, air conditioners etc.

2. Explain basic differences between Van Neumann and Harvard architecture.


SR. Von Neumann architecture Harvard architecture
No.
1 The Von Neumann architecture is a The Harvard architecture was based on the original
theoretical computer design based on Harvard Mark I relay-based computer model which
the concept of stored-program where employed separate buses for data and instructions.
programs and data are stored in the
same memory.
2 The Von Neumann architecture has The Harvard architecture, on the other hand, has
only one bus that is used for both separate memory space for instructions and data,
instructions fetches and data transfers, which physically separate signals and storage for
and the operations must be scheduled code and data memory, which in turn makes it
because they cannot be performed at possible to access each of the memory system
the same time simultaneously.

3 In Von Neumann architecture, the In the Harvard architecture, the processing unit can
processing unit would need two clock complete an instruction in one cycle if appropriate
cycles to complete an instruction. The pipelining strategies are in place.
processor fetches the instruction from
memory in the first cycle and decodes
it, and then the data is taken from
memory in the second cycle.

4 As instructions and data use the same Development of control unit in the Harvard
bus system in the Von Neumann architecture is more expensive than the former
architecture, it simplifies design and because of the complex architecture that employs
development of the control unit, which two buses for instructions and data.
eventually brings down the production
cost to minimal.
5 Von Neumann architecture is mainly Harvard architecture is a fairly new concept used
used in every machine you see from primarily in microcontrollers and digital signal
desktop computers and notebooks to processing (DSP).
high performance computers and
workstations.

3. Explain basic differences between CISC and RISC architecture.


SR. CISC RISC
No.
1 CISC stands for Complex Instruction RISC stands for Reduced Instruction Set Computer.
Set Computer.
2 CSIC processor has complex RISC processors have simple instructions taking
instructions that take up multiple about one clock cycle. The average clock cycle per
clocks for execution. The average clock instruction (CPI) is 1.5
cycle per instruction (CPI) is in the
range of 2 and 15.
3 CISC has many different addressing The instruction set has a variety of different
modes and can thus be used to instructions that can be used for complex
represent higher-level programming operations.
language statements more efficiently.

4 The instruction set has a variety of The instruction set is reduced i.e. it has only a few
different instructions that can be used instructions in the instruction set. Many of these
for complex operations. instructions are very primitive.

5 Only has a single register set Multiple register sets are present
Examples of CISC processors are the The most common RISC microprocessors are Alpha,
System/360, VAX, PDP-11, Motorola ARC, ARM, AVR, MIPS, PA-RISC, PIC, Power
68000 family, AMD, and Intel x86 Architecture, and SPARC.
CPUs.

4. Explain criteria to select a Microcontroller.


To choose microcontroller for a real-life product or microcontroller-based project is very critical
task. There are many technical features to consider while selecting a microcontroller. Before
starting a project, which needs microcontroller, one should work on technical aspects as well as
cost of microcontroller per unit. Following steps will help you to choose microcontroller for
specific applications.

a. You should make a list of hardware’s, you need to connect with microcontroller. How much
external peripherals you want to connect with microcontroller? For example, how many digital
and analog sensors you are using in your project? How many output devices you are using like
speakers, relays, Liquid crystal display and LED’s etc. It will give your idea of input and output
ports you required for microcontroller. For example, you need 5 sensor and 5 LED’s in your
project, its mean you will need 5 input ports with analog to digital converter. Because sensors
usually give analog output. For 5 LED’s you will need 5 output ports. So, total you will need 10
input/output. Similarly, you can decide how many ports you need of microcontroller for your
required project.
b. If you want to transfer data from microcontroller to another microcontroller or any other
device, you must need communication ports. you can either use serial communication or
parallel communication. you can use either TX/RX based serial communication. USB port can
also be used for parallel communication.
c. Similarly, you may need of PWM ports, UART, SPI and USB ports. It depends on your
requirement.
d. you should check what is the highest speed microcontroller can support. How much fast you
want to perform tasks in your project. So, you should consider processing speed of
microcontroller by checking highest operating frequency of microcontroller.
e. What is the packaging of microcontroller? Either it is in DIP package or QFP package? Which
one you prefer?
f. What should be the minimum and maximum power consumption of microcontroller?
g. Size of RAM and ROM in microcontroller. what would be the size of program you are going to
burn in microcontroller? Because program stores in ROM.
h. How many timers and counters required for project.
i. How many numbers of general-purpose input/output ports are required.
j. What is cost per unit of microcontroller. This is most important factor while designing real life
products using microcontroller.
k. How easily resources are available for selected microcontroller
l. How easily microcontroller will be available in large quantity in future. If you are going to
design a real-life product using microcontroller, you must need it in large quantity.
Unavailability in large quantity make your efforts useless.

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