Chapter 03 Cell Structure and Function

Multiple Choice Questions

1. ________ are the fundamental units that make up all living things.

A. Compartments
B. Cells
C. Chromosomes
D. Coelom
E. Cristae

2. The size of a metabolizing cell is limited by its

A. extracellular matrix.
B. function.
C. nuclear size.
D. surface area-to-volume ratio.
E. genome size.

3. Whose work proved conclusively that spontaneous generation of life from nonlife was not possible?

A. Louis Pasteur
B. Charles Darwin
C. John Ray
D. Walther Flemming
E. Georges Cuvier

4. The reason that metabolizing cells are small in size is because

A. cells influence nearby cells to divide.

B. the surface area of a cell must be able to accomplish nutrient/waste exchange.
C. cells need to dissipate heat effectively.
D. mitosis occurs before cells reach a certain size.
E. cells need to communicate with adjacent cells.

5. In developing embryos such as a chick, what restores the amount of surface area needed for exchange requirements?

A. respiration
B. catabolism
C. anabolism
D. cell division
E. assimilation
6. If a cell has a volume of 3nm, what are the surface area and the volume of the cell?

A. 24nm2, 8nm3
B. 38nm2, 16nm3
C. 54nm2, 27nm3
D. 64nm2, 24nm3
E. 18nm2, 6nm3

7. What is the name of a photograph of a specimen obtained with a microscope?

A. negative
B. dermatome
C. thermograph
D. micrograph
E. chromatograph

8. Viruses are not made up of cells. According to cell theory, this means what?

A. Viruses can cause disease.

B. Cells come only from pre-existing cells.
C. Cells can be infected by viruses.
D. Viruses are not living.
E. Cells and viruses are the same thing.

9. Brett needs to distinguish two points that are 0.5 mm apart. What is the easiest way to do this?

A. Use an electron microscope.

B. Use a light microscope.
C. Use his eyes.

10. The light microscope has a resolving power of

A. 0.1 mm.
B. 0.01 mm.
C. 0.0001 mm.
D. 0.000001 mm.
E. 0.00000001 mm.

11. What type of microscopy provides a three-dimensional view of the surface of an object?

A. compound light microscope

B. transmission electron microscope
C. scanning electron microscope
D. phase contrast microscope
E. ultraviolet microscope

12. Angela would like to look at living algae from pond water. What type of microscope should she use?

A. compound light microscope

B. transmission electron microscope
C. scanning electron microscope
True / False Questions

13. Biologists classify cells into two broad categories--animals and plants.

True False

Multiple Choice Questions

14. Which of the following structures are present in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

A. plasma membrane
B. nucleus
C. endoplasmic reticulum
D. Golgi body
E. mitochondria

True / False Questions

15. Because bacteria are prokaryotes, they do not have DNA.

True False

Multiple Choice Questions

16. The phospholipid bilayer that surrounds/maintains the integrity of a cell is called a

A. plasma membrane.
B. Sanger enclosure.
C. hydrophobic membrane.
D. dialysis membrane.
E. mosaic membrane.

17. What is the name of the semifluid medium inside the cell?

A. nucleolus
B. cytoplasm
C. organelle
D. cytoskeleton
E. mitochondrion
True / False Questions

18. The cytoplasm is not considered a cellular organelle.

True False

Multiple Choice Questions

19. The plasma membrane contains how many layers of phospholipids?

A. one
B. two
C. four
D. eight
E. sixteen

20. Paleontologists have discovered ancient prokaryotic fossils dated at over 3.5 billion years old. These fossils resemble prokaryotes
that are capable of living in extreme conditions such as high temperature and salinity. What domain do these prokaryotes belong
to?

A. Protists
B. Protoctista
C. Archaea
D. Archetista
E. Eukarya

21. All of the following are possible origins of cell organelles in eukaryotes EXCEPT

A. invagination of the plasma membrane to form endoplasmic reticulum.

B. incorporation of engulfed heterotrophic bacteria to form mitochondria.
C. incorporation of engulfed autotrophic cyanobacteria to form chloroplasts.
D. a symbiotic relationship between a host cell and a prokaryote that was taken up but not destroyed.
E. groups of prokaryotic cells begin to live in a small group sharing products of metabolism.

True / False Questions

22. Archaea are considered the evolutionary precursors to eukaryotic cells.

True False

Multiple Choice Questions

23. In the fluid-mosaic model of the plasma membrane, the phospholipid molecules are oriented so that the _____________ heads
are facing the outside environment and the ________________ tails are facing the interior of the membrane.

A. hydrophobic, hydrophilic
B. hydrophilic, hydrophobic
C. autotrophic, heterotrophic
D. heterotrophic, autotrophic
E. ectothermic, endothermic

24. Which of the following is not a function of the plasma membrane?

A. determines which substances enter and leave the cell

B. serves as a boundary between the cell and its environment
C. contains receptor sites which determine how the cell interacts with its environment
D. contains the genetic information
E. mark the cell as belonging to a particular individual

25. Which model currently describes the structure of the plasma membrane?

A. endosymbiont model
B. fluid-mosaic model
C. plasmagel-plasmasol model
D. lock and key model
E. induced-fit model

26. A short chain of sugar attached to a protein molecule on the plasma membrane is called

A. a protomembrane.
B. a protosugar.
C. a glycocalyx.
D. a glycolipid.
E. a glycoprotein.

27. Which of the following can cross the plasma membrane because of its selective permeability?

A. gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide

B. ions
C. large, polar molecules
D. large, nonpolar molecules
E. glycoproteins

28. The diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane is called

A. denaturation.
B. osmosis.
C. dispersion.
D. dissociation.
E. reconstitution.
29. During a hurricane, salt water invades fresh water marshes causing many of the plants to die. The plants are killed because the
salt water solution is __________________ to the plants, drawing water from their cells.

A. isotonic
B. hypotonic
C. mesotonic
D. oligotonic
E. hypertonic

30. What is the function of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

A. cell marker
B. receptor
C. support
D. channel
E. enzyme

31. A solution is at equilibrium across a plasma membrane. If 50 molecules enter the cell, how many molecules exit the cell?

A. 50
B. more than 50
C. fewer than 50

32. Often when a person is admitted to the hospital, an intravenous

solution of normal saline is begun. Since this does not harm the
patient, what is the tonicity of normal saline compared to your
blood?

A. hyp
erto
nic
B. isot
onic
C. hyp
oton
ic

33. A certain substance continues to enter the cell in the presence of a

metabolic poison that disables the generation of energy by the cell.
Where is the higher concentration of the substance?

A. outs
ide
the
cell
B. insi
de
the
cell
34. Choose the CORRECT statement about solute concentrations or
particles inside and outside the cell.

A. In a
hyp
erto
nic
solu
tion
,
ther
e
are
mor
e
part
icle
s
insi
de
the
cell.
B. In a
hyp
oton
ic
solu
tion
,
ther
e
are
mor
e
part
icle
s
outs
ide
the
cell.
C. In
an
isot
onic
solu
tion
the
amo
unt
of
wat
er
insi
de
and
outs
ide
the
cell
 is
equ
al.
D. In a
hyp
erto
nic
solu
tion
,
ther
e is
mor
e
wat
er
outs
ide
the
cell.
E. In a
hyp
oton
ic
solu
tion
,
ther
e is
mor
e
wat
er
insi
de
the
cell.

35. Brad placed a drop of blood in some distilled water. What

happened in the red blood cells?

A. The
cell
s
shru
nk.
B. The
cell
s
burs
t.
C. The
cell
s
did
not
cha
nge.
36. The assisted transport of a molecule across the cell membrane
without an expenditure of energy is known as what?

A. diff
usio
n
B. facil
itate
d
tran
spor
t
C. acti
ve
tran
spor
t
D. osm
osis
E. cren
atio
n

True / False Questions

37. In the sodium potassium pump, sodium and potassium are both
pumped out of the cell via active transport.

True False

Multiple Choice Questions

38. Which of the following does not utilize active transport?

A. mov
eme
nt
of
oxy
gen
fro
m
the
lung
s
into
the
bloo
d
B. con
cent
rati
ng
iodi
ne
ions
in
the
thyr
oid
glan
d
C. abs
orbi
ng
sug
ar
in
the
gut
D. wat
er
hom
eost
asis
in
the
kidn
eys
E. mov
eme
nt
of
sodi
um
and
pota
ssiu
m
in
nerv
e
 cell
s

39. Sheree observed an amoeba feeding by engulfing the prey with it's
false feet or pseudopods. This process is known as

A. pino
cyto
sis.
B. pha
goc
ytos
is.
C. exo
cyto
sis.
D. facil
itate
d
tran
spor
t.
E. osm
osis
.

True / False Questions

40. During exocytosis, the phospholipids present in the vesicle

membrane will end up in the plasma membrane.

True False

Multiple Choice Questions

41. Which of the following processes moves large molecules across a
membrane in the opposite direction of the others?

A. exo
cyto
sis
B. pha
goc
ytos
is
C. pino
cyto
sis
D. rece
ptor
-
med
iate
d
end
ocyt
osis
E. end
ocyt
osis

42. What cell structure is composed of a stack of slightly curved

saccules that are important in packaging and secretion?

A. mit
och
ond
ria
B. vac
uole
s
C. Gol
gi
app
arat
us
D. lyso
som
es
E. end
opla
smi
c
retic
ulu
m
43. What is the obvious dark-stained structure within the nucleus that
contains ribosomal RNA called?

A. nucl
eus
B. nucl
eolu
s
C. nucl
ear
env
elop
e
D. nucl
eopl
asm
E. end
opla
smi
c
retic
ulu
m

44. The grainy-looking substance inside the nucleus is composed of

A. pho
sph
olip
ids.
B. DN
A
and
prot
eins
.
C. nucl
eopl
asm
.
D. ribo
som
es.
E. mit
och
ond
ria.

True / False Questions

45. The nucleus of a cell in your thigh muscle contains the same genes
as the nucleus of a cell in your brain.

True False
Multiple Choice Questions

46. How large is a nuclear pore in the nuclear envelope?

A. larg
er
than
a
ribo
som
e
B. larg
er
than
the
Gol
gi
app
arat
us
C. larg
er
than
the
end
opla
smi
c
retic
ulu
m
D. sma
ller
than
a
ribo
som
e
E. sma
ller
than
a
prot
ein
47. If a cell lacked ribosomes, it would not be able to

A. for
ma
spin
dle
app
arat
us.
B. synt
hesi
ze
prot
eins
.
C. resp
ire
oxid
ativ
ely.
D. brea
k
dow
n
fats.
E. pro
duc
e
AT
P.
48. What do the SER and RER have in common?

A. the
pres
enc
e of
ribo
som
es
B. the
for
mati
on
of
tran
spor
t
vesi
cles
C. the
synt
hesi
s of
pho
sph
olip
ids
D. the
synt
hesi
s of
prot
eins
E. the
proc
essi
ng
and
mod
ifica
tion
of
prot
eins
49. Which of the following would be a way of finishing this
hypothesis about the function of the Golgi apparatus? If the Golgi
apparatus is involved in packaging products for secretion, then

A. vesi
cles
mus
t
trav
el
fro
m
the
Gol
gi
to
the
cell
surf
ace.
B. vesi
cles
mus
t
trav
el
fro
m
the
RE
R
and
SE
R to
the
Gol
gi
app
arat
us.
C. the
Gol
gi
app
arat
us
mus
t be
part
of
the
end
ome
mbr
ane
syst
em.
D. the
Gol
gi
 app
arat
us
mus
t
con
sist
of 3
to
20
slig
htly
curv
ed
sacs
.
E. the
Gol
gi
app
arat
us
wou
ld
cont
ain
prot
eins
.

50. Which organelle can be likened to a post office?

A. nucl
eus
B. nucl
eolu
s
C. mit
och
ond
ria
D. end
opla
smi
c
retic
ulu
m
E. Gol
gi
app
arat
us
51. What cellular organelle is especially abundant in phagocytic white
blood cells?

A. nucl
ei
B. nucl
eoli
C. Gol
gi
app
arati
D. lyso
som
es
E. ribo
som
es

52. Which of the following is not associated with the cytoskeleton?

A. inte
rme
diat
e
fila
men
ts
B. mic
rotu
bule
s
C. mic
rob
odie
s
D. acti
n
fila
men
ts
E. cent
roso
me
53. Centrosomes are associated with

A. ribo
som
es.
B. mit
och
ond
ria.
C. chro
mos
ome
s.
D. mic
rotu
bule
s.
E. lyso
som
es.

54. Which of the following is not a function of the cytoskeleton?

A. mai
ntai
na
cell'
s
sha
pe
B. proc
ess
prot
eins
C. anc
hor
orga
nell
es
D. mov
e
orga
nell
es
E. mov
e
the
enti
re
cell

True / False Questions

55. A microtubule poison would interfere with mitosis and meiosis.

True False

Multiple Choice Questions

56. Which of the following diseases would you expect in someone

with malfunctioning cilia?

A. recu
rren
t
resp
irat
ory
infe
ctio
ns
B. hear
t
atta
ck
C. urin
ary
infe
ctio
ns
D. mus
cle
para
lysi
s
E. britt
le
bon
es
57. Why type of junction must there be between the cells of your
bladder?

A. adh
esio
n
junc
tion
s
B. gap
junc
tion
s
C. tigh
t
junc
tion
s
D. cha
nnel
junc
tion
s
E. free
junc
tion
s

True / False Questions

58. Cilia are composed of microtubules while flagella are composed of

actin filaments.

True False

Multiple Choice Questions

59. In an experiment in the laboratory, a small colored molecule is
injected into one cells. Within minutes, the molecule has entered
the adjacent cells. What type of junction connects these cells?

A. gap
junc
tion
s
B. free
junc
tion
s
C. adh
esio
n
junc
tion
s
D. tigh
t
junc
tion
s
E. acti
n
junc
tion
s

60. What are the folds in mitochondrial membranes called?

A. mat
rix
B. crist
ae
C. ruga
e
D. lum
en
E. villi

61. The gel-like fluid substance within a mitochondrion is called the

A. mat
rix.
B. crist
ae.
C. ruga
e.
D. effl
uviu
m.
E. villi
.
62. The sum of all of the chemical reactions that occur in a cell
collectively are called

A. resp
irati
on.
B. ana
boli
sm.
C. phot
osy
nthe
sis.
D. met
abol
ism.
E. reac
tion
sum
mar
y.

63. In a metabolic pathway, substrate Z is broken down to

form product Y and X. Y is further broken down into products V
and W. How many enzymes are required for this metabolic
pathway?

A. one
B. two
C. thre
e
D. four
E. five
64. Why is glycolysis believed to have evolved early in the history of
life?

A. It
brea
ks
dow
n
sug
ar.
B. It
pro
duc
es
ener
gy.
C. It is
pres
ent
in
mos
t
ever
y
type
of
cell.
D. It
doe
s
not
requ
ire
oxy
gen.
E. It
split
sa
6-
carb
on
mol
ecul
e
into
two
3-
carb
on
mol
ecul
es.
65. Which of the following processes in the breakdown of glucose
does not require oxygen?

A. glyc
olys
is
B. citri
c
acid
cycl
e
C. elec
tron
tran
spor
t
chai
n

True / False Questions

66. Only glucose can be used as an energy source in the human body.

True False

Multiple Choice Questions

67. The first day of football practice was rough on the squad. The
players complained of cramps and sore muscles. The reason for
their complaints was that there was a __________________ build
up in their muscles.

A. gluc
ose
B. alco
hol
C. carb
on
diox
ide
D. carb
on
mon
oxid
e
E. lact
ate
True / False Questions

68. Since all organisms carry on cellular respiration, all living cells
must contain mitochondria.

True False

Multiple Choice Questions

69. If the mitochondrion is the result of endosymbiosis, what

membrane of the mitochondrion represents the engulfing vesicle?

A. the
oute
r
mit
och
ond
rial
me
mbr
ane
B. vac
uole
C. crist
ae
D. mat
rix
E. gran
a

True / False Questions

70. Fermentation produces more ATP than does aerobic respiration.

True False

71. When ATP is broken down, heat is released.

True False

Multiple Choice Questions

72. If you could remove all the phosphate in the cell, what would
happen to the ATP cycle?

A. It
wou
ld
stop
whe
n all
the
AT
P
had
bee
n
con
vert
ed
into
AD
P.
B. It
wou
ld
stop
whe
n all
the
AD
P
had
bee
n
con
vert
ed
into
AT
P.
C. It
wou
ld
cycl
e
fast
er
bec
ause
the
lack
of
pho
sph
ate
wou
ld
driv
e
the
cycl
 e.
D. It
wou
ld
cycl
e
fast
er
bec
ause
of
the
buil
dup
of
AT
P.
E. It
wou
ld
not
affe
ct
the
AT
P
cycl
e.
 Chapter 03 Cell Structure and Function Key

Multiple Choice Questions

1. ________ are the fundamental units that make up all living things.

A. Co
mpa
rtm
ents
B. Cell
s
C. Chr
omo
som
es
D. Coe
lom
E. Cris
tae

Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of all living
things.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 03.01.01 State the basic principles of the cell theory.
Section: 03.01
Topic: Cell Structure
2. The size of a metabolizing cell is limited by its

A. extr
acel
lula
r
mat
rix.
B. func
tion
.
C. nucl
ear
size
.
D. surf
ace
area
-to-
volu
me
rati
o.
E. gen
ome
size
.

The surface area of a cell reflects the ability to exchange materials

and the volume reflects the cell's metabolic needs. As the volume
increases in cells, the surface area decreases.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 03.01.02 Explain how the surface area-to-volume ratio limits cell size.
Section: 03.01
Topic: Cell Structure
3. Whose work proved conclusively that spontaneous generation of
life from nonlife was not possible?

A. Lou
is
Past
eur
B. Cha
rles
Dar
win
C. Joh
n
Ray
D. Wal
ther
Fle
mm
ing
E. Geo
rges
Cuv
ier

Louis Pasteur proved that the spontaneous generation of life was

not possible in 1864.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 03.01.01 State the basic principles of the cell theory.
Section: 03.01
Topic: Cell Structure
4. The reason that metabolizing cells are small in size is because

A. cell
s
infl
uen
ce
near
by
cell
s to
divi
de.
B. the
surf
ace
area
of a
cell
mus
t be
able
to
acc
omp
lish
nutr
ient/
was
te
exc
han
ge.
C. cell
s
nee
d to
diss
ipat
e
heat
effe
ctiv
ely.
D. mit
osis
occ
urs
befo
re
cell
s
reac
ha
cert
ain
size
.
E. cell
s
 nee
d to
com
mun
icat
e
with
adja
cent
cell
s.

Cells stay small because the surface area of a cell is important in

the exchange of materials.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 03.01.02 Explain how the surface area-to-volume ratio limits cell size.
Section: 03.01
Topic: Cell Structure

5. In developing embryos such as a chick, what restores the amount

of surface area needed for exchange requirements?

A. resp
irati
on
B. cata
boli
sm
C. ana
boli
sm
D. cell
divi
sion
E. assi
mila
tion

Cell division restores the amount of surface area needed for

exchange requirements.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 03.01.02 Explain how the surface area-to-volume ratio limits cell size.
Section: 03.01
Topic: Cell Structure
6. If a cell has a volume of 3nm, what are the surface area and the
volume of the cell?

A. 24n
m 2,
8nm
3

B. 38n
m 2,
16n
m3
C. 54n
m 2,
27n
m3
D. 64n
m 2,
24n
m3
E. 18n
m 2,
6nm
3

The surface area is 6 x 3 nm x 3 nm or 54nm2. The volume is 3 nm

x 3 nm x 3 nm or 27nm3.

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 03.01.02 Explain how the surface area-to-volume ratio limits cell size.
Section: 03.01
Topic: Cell Structure

7. What is the name of a photograph of a specimen obtained with a

microscope?

A. neg
ativ
e
B. der
mat
ome
C. ther
mog
raph
D. mic
rogr
aph
E. chro
mat
ogra
ph

A micrograph is a photograph of a specimen obtained with a

microscope.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 03.01.03 Summarize the role of microscopy in the study of cells.
Section: 03.01
 Topic: Cell Structure

8. Viruses are not made up of cells. According to cell theory, this

means what?

A. Vir
uses
can
caus
e
dise
ase.
B. Cell
s
com
e
only
fro
m
pre-
exis
ting
cell
s.
C. Cell
s
can
be
infe
cted
by
viru
ses.
D. Vir
uses
are
not
livi
ng.
E. Cell
s
and
viru
ses
are
the
sam
e
thin
g.

The cell theory states that all living things are made of cells.
Therefore, anything not made of cells is not living.

Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 03.01.01 State the basic principles of the cell theory.
Section: 03.01
Topic: Cell Structure
9. Brett needs to distinguish two points that are 0.5 mm apart. What is
the easiest way to do this?

A. Use
an
elec
tron
mic
rosc
ope.
B. Use
a
ligh
t
mic
rosc
ope.
C. Use
his
eyes
.

The human eye is capable of resolving two points 0.1 mm apart, so

he can distinguish these two points with his eyes.

Bloom's Level: 5. Evaluate

Learning Outcome: 03.01.03 Summarize the role of microscopy in the study of cells.
Section: 03.01
Topic: Cell Structure

10. The light microscope has a resolving power of

A. 0.1
mm
.
B. 0.01
mm
.
C. 0.00
01
mm
.
D. 0.00
000
1
mm
.
E. 0.00
000
001
mm
.

The light microscope has a resolving power of 0.0001 mm.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 03.01.03 Summarize the role of microscopy in the study of cells.
Section: 03.01
 Topic: Cell Structure

11. What type of microscopy provides a three-dimensional view of the

surface of an object?

A. com
pou
nd
ligh
t
mic
rosc
ope
B. tran
smi
ssio
n
elec
tron
mic
rosc
ope
C. scan
ning
elec
tron
mic
rosc
ope
D. pha
se
cont
rast
mic
rosc
ope
E. ultr
avio
let
mic
rosc
ope

The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a three-

dimensional view of the surface of an object.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 03.01.03 Summarize the role of microscopy in the study of cells.
Section: 03.01
Topic: Cell Structure
12. Angela would like to look at living algae from pond water. What
type of microscope should she use?

A. com
pou
nd
ligh
t
mic
rosc
ope
B. tran
smi
ssio
n
elec
tron
mic
rosc
ope
C. scan
ning
elec
tron
mic
rosc
ope

Only the compound light microscope can be used to look at living

specimens.

Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 03.01.03 Summarize the role of microscopy in the study of cells.
Section: 03.01
Topic: Cell Structure

True / False Questions

13. Biologists classify cells into two broad categories--animals and

plants.

FALSE

Biologists classify cells into two broad categories--the prokaryotes

and eukaryotes.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 03.02.02 Distinguish between the structure of a prokaryotic cell and that of a eukaryotic cell.
Section: 03.02
Topic: Cell Structure

Multiple Choice Questions

14. Which of the following structures are present in both eukaryotes
and prokaryotes?

A. plas
ma
me
mbr
ane
B. nucl
eus
C. end
opla
smi
c
retic
ulu
m
D. Gol
gi
bod
y
E. mit
och
ond
ria

Only the plasma membrane is present in both eukaryotic and

prokaryotic cells.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 03.02.02 Distinguish between the structure of a prokaryotic cell and that of a eukaryotic cell.
Section: 03.02
Topic: Cell Structure

True / False Questions

15. Because bacteria are prokaryotes, they do not have DNA.

FALSE

Because bacteria are prokaryotes, they do not have a nucleus, but

they do have DNA.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 03.02.02 Distinguish between the structure of a prokaryotic cell and that of a eukaryotic cell.
Section: 03.02
Topic: Cell Structure

Multiple Choice Questions

16. The phospholipid bilayer that surrounds/maintains the integrity of
a cell is called a

A. plas
ma
me
mbr
ane.
B. San
ger
encl
osur
e.
C. hyd
rop
hobi
c
me
mbr
ane.
D. dial
ysis
me
mbr
ane.
E. mos
aic
me
mbr
ane.

The phospholipid bilayer that surrounds/maintains the integrity of

a cell is called the plasma membrane.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 03.02.01 Identify the components of a human cell and state its function.
Section: 03.02
Topic: Cell Structure
17. What is the name of the semifluid medium inside the cell?

A. nucl
eolu
s
B. cyto
plas
m
C. orga
nell
e
D. cyto
skel
eton
E. mit
och
ond
rion

The cytoplasm is the semi-fluid internal medium found within the

cell.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 03.02.01 Identify the components of a human cell and state its function.
Section: 03.02
Topic: Cell Structure

True / False Questions

18. The cytoplasm is not considered a cellular organelle.

TRUE

An organelle is any well-defined subcellular structure, so the

cytoplasm is not an organelle. However, the cytoplasm does
contain organelles.

Bloom's Level: 5. Evaluate

Learning Outcome: 03.02.01 Identify the components of a human cell and state its function.
Section: 03.02
Topic: Cell Structure

Multiple Choice Questions

19. The plasma membrane contains how many layers of
phospholipids?

A. one
B. two
C. four
D. eigh
t
E. sixt
een

The plasma membrane is a phospholipid bilayer, so it consists of

two layers of phospholipids.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 03.02.01 Identify the components of a human cell and state its function.
Section: 03.02
Topic: Cell Structure

20. Paleontologists have discovered ancient prokaryotic fossils dated

at over 3.5 billion years old. These fossils resemble prokaryotes
that are capable of living in extreme conditions such as high
temperature and salinity. What domain do these prokaryotes
belong to?

A. Prot
ists
B. Prot
octi
sta
C. Arc
hae
a
D. Arc
heti
sta
E. Euk
arya

It is believed that the ancient prokaryotic cells were members of

domain Archaea.

Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 03.02.03 Summarize how eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells.
Section: 03.02
Topic: Bacteria and Archaea
21. All of the following are possible origins of cell organelles in
eukaryotes EXCEPT

A. inva
gina
tion
of
the
plas
ma
me
mbr
ane
to
for
m
end
opla
smi
c
retic
ulu
m.
B. inco
rpor
atio
n of
eng
ulfe
d
hete
rotr
ophi
c
bact
eria
to
for
m
mit
och
ond
ria.
C. inco
rpor
atio
n of
eng
ulfe
d
auto
trop
hic
cya
nob
acte
ria
to
for
m
 chlo
ropl
asts.
D. a
sym
biot
ic
relat
ions
hip
bet
wee
na
host
cell
and
a
pro
kary
ote
that
was
take
n up
but
not
dest
roye
d.
E. gro
ups
of
pro
kary
otic
cell
s
begi
n to
live
in a
sma
ll
gro
up
shar
ing
pro
duct
s of
met
abol
ism.

Groups of prokaryotic cells do live together in groups and share

products of metabolism but this is not considered part of how the
first eukaryotic cells came to be.

Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 03.02.03 Summarize how eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells.
Section: 03.02
 Topic: Cell Structure

True / False Questions

22. Archaea are considered the evolutionary precursors to eukaryotic

cells.

TRUE

The eukaryotic cell is believed to have evolved from the archaea.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 03.02.03 Summarize how eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells.
Section: 03.02
Topic: Bacteria and Archaea

Multiple Choice Questions

23. In the fluid-mosaic model of the plasma membrane, the
phospholipid molecules are oriented so that the _____________
heads are facing the outside environment and the
________________ tails are facing the interior of the membrane.

A. hyd
rop
hobi
c,
hyd
rop
hilic
B. hyd
rop
hilic
,
hyd
rop
hobi
c
C. auto
trop
hic,
hete
rotr
ophi
c
D. hete
rotr
ophi
c,
auto
trop
hic
E. ecto
ther
mic,
end
othe
rmi
c

In the fluid-mosaic model of the plasma membrane, the

phospholipid molecules are oriented so that the hydrophilic heads
are facing the outside environment and the hydrophobic tails are
facing the interior of the membrane.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Describe the structure of the cell membrane and list the type of molecules found in the membrane.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Cell Structure
24. Which of the following is not a function of the plasma membrane?

A. dete
rmi
nes
whi
ch
subs
tanc
es
ente
r
and
leav
e
the
cell
B. serv
es
as a
bou
ndar
y
bet
wee
n
the
cell
and
its
envi
ron
men
t
C. cont
ains
rece
ptor
sites
whi
ch
dete
rmi
ne
how
the
cell
inte
ract
s
with
its
envi
ron
men
t
D. cont
ains
the
 gen
etic
info
rma
tion
E. mar
k
the
cell
as
belo
ngin
g to
a
part
icul
ar
indi
vidu
al

The nucleus contains the genetic information. All of the rest are
functions of the plasma membrane.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Describe the structure of the cell membrane and list the type of molecules found in the membrane.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Cell Structure
25. Which model currently describes the structure of the plasma
membrane?

A. end
osy
mbi
ont
mod
el
B. flui
d-
mos
aic
mod
el
C. plas
mag
el-
plas
mas
ol
mod
el
D. lock
and
key
mod
el
E. indu
ced-
fit
mod
el

The fluid-mosaic model is the current model of the membrane

structure of a cell.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Describe the structure of the cell membrane and list the type of molecules found in the membrane.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Cell Structure
26. A short chain of sugar attached to a protein molecule on the plasma
membrane is called

A. a
prot
ome
mbr
ane.
B. a
prot
osu
gar.
C. a
glyc
ocal
yx.
D. a
glyc
olip
id.
E. a
glyc
opr
otei
n.

A short chain of sugar attached to a protein is called a

glycoprotein.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Describe the structure of the cell membrane and list the type of molecules found in the membrane.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Cell Structure
27. Which of the following can cross the plasma membrane because of
its selective permeability?

A. gase
s
suc
h as
oxy
gen
and
carb
on
diox
ide
B. ions
C. larg
e,
pola
r
mol
ecul
es
D. larg
e,
non
pola
r
mol
ecul
es
E. glyc
opr
otei
ns

Gases and non-polar molecules can cross the plasma membrane

because of its selective permeability.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 03.03.02 Distinguish between diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion and know the role of each in the cell.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Cell Structure
28. The diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane is
called

A. den
atur
atio
n.
B. osm
osis
.
C. disp
ersi
on.
D. diss
ocia
tion
.
E. reco
nstit
utio
n.

Osmosis is a diffusion of water across a semi-permeable

membrane.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 03.03.02 Distinguish between diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion and know the role of each in the cell.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Cell Structure

29. During a hurricane, salt water invades fresh water marshes causing
many of the plants to die. The plants are killed because the salt
water solution is __________________ to the plants, drawing
water from their cells.

A. isot
onic
B. hyp
oton
ic
C. mes
oton
ic
D. olig
oton
ic
E. hyp
erto
nic

The salt water is a hypertonic solution which can cause the death
of the marsh plants by drawing water out of their cells.

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 03.03.03 Explain how tonicity relates to the direction of water movement across a membrane.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Cell Structure
30. What is the function of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

A. cell
mar
ker
B. rece
ptor
C. sup
port
D. cha
nnel
E. enz
yme

Molecules of cholesterol add support to the plasma membrane.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Describe the structure of the cell membrane and list the type of molecules found in the membrane.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Cell Structure

31. A solution is at equilibrium across a plasma membrane. If 50

molecules enter the cell, how many molecules exit the cell?

A. 50
B. mor
e
than
50
C. few
er
than
50

The definition of equilibrium is as many molecules enter as leave

the cell.

Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 03.03.02 Distinguish between diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion and know the role of each in the cell.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Cell Structure
32. Often when a person is admitted to the hospital, an intravenous
solution of normal saline is begun. Since this does not harm the
patient, what is the tonicity of normal saline compared to your
blood?

A. hyp
erto
nic
B. isot
onic
C. hyp
oton
ic

Normal saline is isotonic to red blood cells in your blood.

Bloom's Level: 5. Evaluate

Learning Outcome: 03.03.03 Explain how tonicity relates to the direction of water movement across a membrane.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Cell Structure

33. A certain substance continues to enter the cell in the presence of a

metabolic poison that disables the generation of energy by the cell.
Where is the higher concentration of the substance?

A. outs
ide
the
cell
B. insi
de
the
cell

Since active transport cannot be responsible for the movement of

the substance into the cell, it must be following its concentration
gradient. Therefore, it is more concentrated outside the cell.

Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 03.03.04 Compare passive- and active-transport mechanisms.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Cell Structure
34. Choose the CORRECT statement about solute concentrations or
particles inside and outside the cell.

A. In a
hyp
erto
nic
solu
tion
,
ther
e
are
mor
e
part
icle
s
insi
de
the
cell.
B. In a
hyp
oton
ic
solu
tion
,
ther
e
are
mor
e
part
icle
s
outs
ide
the
cell.
C. In
an
isot
onic
solu
tion
the
amo
unt
of
wat
er
insi
de
and
outs
ide
the
cell
 is
equ
al.
D. In a
hyp
erto
nic
solu
tion
,
ther
e is
mor
e
wat
er
outs
ide
the
cell.
E. In a
hyp
oton
ic
solu
tion
,
ther
e is
mor
e
wat
er
insi
de
the
cell.

In isotonic solutions the water is equal inside and outside the cell.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 03.03.03 Explain how tonicity relates to the direction of water movement across a membrane.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Cell Structure
35. Brad placed a drop of blood in some distilled water. What
happened in the red blood cells?

A. The
cell
s
shru
nk.
B. The
cell
s
burs
t.
C. The
cell
s
did
not
cha
nge.

Cells placed in pure water would swell until they burst.

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 03.03.03 Explain how tonicity relates to the direction of water movement across a membrane.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Cell Structure

36. The assisted transport of a molecule across the cell membrane

without an expenditure of energy is known as what?

A. diff
usio
n
B. facil
itate
d
tran
spor
t
C. acti
ve
tran
spor
t
D. osm
osis
E. cren
atio
n

Facilitated transport is the assisted transport of a molecule across

the cell membrane without an expenditure of energy.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 03.03.04 Compare passive- and active-transport mechanisms.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Cell Structure
True / False Questions

37. In the sodium potassium pump, sodium and potassium are both
pumped out of the cell via active transport.

FALSE

Sodium is pumped out of the cell while potassium is pumped into

the cell.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 03.03.04 Compare passive- and active-transport mechanisms.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Cell Structure

Multiple Choice Questions

38. Which of the following does not utilize active transport?

A. mov
eme
nt
of
oxy
gen
fro
m
the
lung
s
into
the
bloo
d
B. con
cent
rati
ng
iodi
ne
ions
in
the
thyr
oid
glan
d
C. abs
orbi
ng
sug
ar
in
the
gut
D. wat
er
hom
eost
asis
in
the
kidn
eys
E. mov
eme
nt
of
sodi
um
and
pota
ssiu
m
in
nerv
e
 cell
s

Oxygen crosses the plasma membrane by simple diffusion. The

rest utilize active transport.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 03.03.04 Compare passive- and active-transport mechanisms.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Cell Structure

39. Sheree observed an amoeba feeding by engulfing the prey with it's
false feet or pseudopods. This process is known as

A. pino
cyto
sis.
B. pha
goc
ytos
is.
C. exo
cyto
sis.
D. facil
itate
d
tran
spor
t.
E. osm
osis
.

Phagocytosis involves the engulfing of an object by a cell.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 03.03.05 State how eukaryotic cells move large molecules across membranes.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Cell Structure

True / False Questions

40. During exocytosis, the phospholipids present in the vesicle

membrane will end up in the plasma membrane.

TRUE

During exocytosis, the vesicle membrane fuses with the plasma

membrane, so the phospholipids of the vesicle will end up in the
plasma membrane.

Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 03.03.05 State how eukaryotic cells move large molecules across membranes.
Section: 03.03
 Topic: Cell Structure

Multiple Choice Questions

41. Which of the following processes moves large molecules across a

membrane in the opposite direction of the others?

A. exo
cyto
sis
B. pha
goc
ytos
is
C. pino
cyto
sis
D. rece
ptor
-
med
iate
d
end
ocyt
osis
E. end
ocyt
osis

Exocytosis moves substances out of the cell, while all the others
move substances into the cell.

Bloom's Level: 5. Evaluate

Learning Outcome: 03.03.05 State how eukaryotic cells move large molecules across membranes.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Cell Structure
42. What cell structure is composed of a stack of slightly curved
saccules that are important in packaging and secretion?

A. mit
och
ond
ria
B. vac
uole
s
C. Gol
gi
app
arat
us
D. lyso
som
es
E. end
opla
smi
c
retic
ulu
m

The Golgi apparatus is a stack of slightly curved saccules that are

important in packaging and secretion.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 03.04.02 Summarize the function of the organelles of the endomembrane system.
Section: 03.04
Topic: Cell Structure
43. What is the obvious dark-stained structure within the nucleus that
contains ribosomal RNA called?

A. nucl
eus
B. nucl
eolu
s
C. nucl
ear
env
elop
e
D. nucl
eopl
asm
E. end
opla
smi
c
retic
ulu
m

The nucleolus is an obvious dark-stained, RNA-rich structure

housed in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 03.04.01 Recognize the structure of the nucleus and its role as the storage place of the genetic information.
Section: 03.04
Topic: Cell Structure
44. The grainy-looking substance inside the nucleus is composed of

A. pho
sph
olip
ids.
B. DN
A
and
prot
eins
.
C. nucl
eopl
asm
.
D. ribo
som
es.
E. mit
och
ond
ria.

The grainy-looking substance inside the nucleus is chromatin, a

combination of DNA molecules and proteins.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 03.04.01 Recognize the structure of the nucleus and its role as the storage place of the genetic information.
Section: 03.04
Topic: Cell Structure

True / False Questions

45. The nucleus of a cell in your thigh muscle contains the same genes
as the nucleus of a cell in your brain.

TRUE

Every cell in the body contains the same genes.

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 03.04.01 Recognize the structure of the nucleus and its role as the storage place of the genetic information.
Section: 03.04
Topic: Cell Structure

Multiple Choice Questions

46. How large is a nuclear pore in the nuclear envelope?

A. larg
er
than
a
ribo
som
e
B. larg
er
than
the
Gol
gi
app
arat
us
C. larg
er
than
the
end
opla
smi
c
retic
ulu
m
D. sma
ller
than
a
ribo
som
e
E. sma
ller
than
a
prot
ein

Nuclear pores must be larger than a ribosome in order to allow

ribosomes to exit the nucleus. Proteins can also exit through the
pores. The Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum are far
larger than the nuclear pores.

Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 03.04.01 Recognize the structure of the nucleus and its role as the storage place of the genetic information.
Section: 03.04
Topic: Cell Structure
47. If a cell lacked ribosomes, it would not be able to

A. for
ma
spin
dle
app
arat
us.
B. synt
hesi
ze
prot
eins
.
C. resp
ire
oxid
ativ
ely.
D. brea
k
dow
n
fats.
E. pro
duc
e
AT
P.

If a cell lacked ribosomes it would not be able to engage in protein

synthesis.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 03.04.03 Explain the role and location of the ribosomes.
Section: 03.04
Topic: Cell Structure
48. What do the SER and RER have in common?

A. the
pres
enc
e of
ribo
som
es
B. the
for
mati
on
of
tran
spor
t
vesi
cles
C. the
synt
hesi
s of
pho
sph
olip
ids
D. the
synt
hesi
s of
prot
eins
E. the
proc
essi
ng
and
mod
ifica
tion
of
prot
eins

Both the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum form transport

vesicles.

Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 03.04.02 Summarize the function of the organelles of the endomembrane system.
Section: 03.04
Topic: Cell Structure
49. Which of the following would be a way of finishing this
hypothesis about the function of the Golgi apparatus? If the Golgi
apparatus is involved in packaging products for secretion, then

A. vesi
cles
mus
t
trav
el
fro
m
the
Gol
gi
to
the
cell
surf
ace.
B. vesi
cles
mus
t
trav
el
fro
m
the
RE
R
and
SE
R to
the
Gol
gi
app
arat
us.
C. the
Gol
gi
app
arat
us
mus
t be
part
of
the
end
ome
mbr
ane
syst
em.
D. the
Gol
gi
 app
arat
us
mus
t
con
sist
of 3
to
20
slig
htly
curv
ed
sacs
.
E. the
Gol
gi
app
arat
us
wou
ld
cont
ain
prot
eins
.

In order to be secretory, vesicles must travel from the Golgi to the

cell surface. Although vesicles do travel from the RER and SER to
the Golgi apparatus, this does not apply to secretion, only to
intracellular transport. The Golgi apparatus is part of the
endomembrane system, does consist of 3-20 slightly curved sacs,
and does contain proteins, but none of these apply to a secretory
function.

Bloom's Level: 5. Evaluate

Learning Outcome: 03.04.02 Summarize the function of the organelles of the endomembrane system.
Section: 03.04
Topic: Cell Structure
50. Which organelle can be likened to a post office?

A. nucl
eus
B. nucl
eolu
s
C. mit
och
ond
ria
D. end
opla
smi
c
retic
ulu
m
E. Gol
gi
app
arat
us

The Golgi apparatus is involved in processing, packaging, and

secretion.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 03.04.02 Summarize the function of the organelles of the endomembrane system.
Section: 03.04
Topic: Cell Structure

51. What cellular organelle is especially abundant in phagocytic white

blood cells?

A. nucl
ei
B. nucl
eoli
C. Gol
gi
app
arati
D. lyso
som
es
E. ribo
som
es

Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes and are particular

numerous in phagocytic white blood cells.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 03.04.02 Summarize the function of the organelles of the endomembrane system.
Section: 03.04
Topic: Cell Structure
52. Which of the following is not associated with the cytoskeleton?

A. inte
rme
diat
e
fila
men
ts
B. mic
rotu
bule
s
C. mic
rob
odie
s
D. acti
n
fila
men
ts
E. cent
roso
me

Microbodies are not a part of the cytoskeleton.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 03.05.02 List the major protein fibers in the cytoskeleton.
Section: 03.05
Topic: Cell Structure
53. Centrosomes are associated with

A. ribo
som
es.
B. mit
och
ond
ria.
C. chro
mos
ome
s.
D. mic
rotu
bule
s.
E. lyso
som
es.

Centrosomes are responsible for the regulation of microtubule

assembly.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 03.05.01 Explain the role of the cytoskeleton in the cell.
Section: 03.05
Topic: Cell Structure
54. Which of the following is not a function of the cytoskeleton?

A. mai
ntai
na
cell'
s
sha
pe
B. proc
ess
prot
eins
C. anc
hor
orga
nell
es
D. mov
e
orga
nell
es
E. mov
e
the
enti
re
cell

The cytoskeleton is not responsible for the processing of proteins.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 03.05.01 Explain the role of the cytoskeleton in the cell.
Section: 03.05
Topic: Cell Structure

True / False Questions

55. A microtubule poison would interfere with mitosis and meiosis.

TRUE

Microtubules form spindle fibers during mitosis and meiosis,

which assist the movement of chromosomes.

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 03.05.01 Explain the role of the cytoskeleton in the cell.
Section: 03.05
Topic: Cell Structure
Multiple Choice Questions

56. Which of the following diseases would you expect in someone

with malfunctioning cilia?

A. recu
rren
t
resp
irat
ory
infe
ctio
ns
B. hear
t
atta
ck
C. urin
ary
infe
ctio
ns
D. mus
cle
para
lysi
s
E. britt
le
bon
es

The lack of cilia on the cells that line the respiratory tract would
result in recurrent respiratory infections.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 03.05.03 State the role of flagella and cilia in human cells.
Section: 03.05
Topic: Cell Structure
57. Why type of junction must there be between the cells of your
bladder?

A. adh
esio
n
junc
tion
s
B. gap
junc
tion
s
C. tigh
t
junc
tion
s
D. cha
nnel
junc
tion
s
E. free
junc
tion
s

Tight junctions are necessary to contain fluids within a specific

area.

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 03.05.04 Compare the function of adhesion junctions, gap junctions, and tight junctions in human cells.
Section: 03.05
Topic: Cell Structure

True / False Questions

58. Cilia are composed of microtubules while flagella are composed of

actin filaments.

FALSE

Both cilia and flagella are composed of microtubules.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 03.05.03 State the role of flagella and cilia in human cells.
Section: 03.05
Topic: Cell Structure

Multiple Choice Questions

59. In an experiment in the laboratory, a small colored molecule is
injected into one cells. Within minutes, the molecule has entered
the adjacent cells. What type of junction connects these cells?

A. gap
junc
tion
s
B. free
junc
tion
s
C. adh
esio
n
junc
tion
s
D. tigh
t
junc
tion
s
E. acti
n
junc
tion
s

Gap junctions serve as communication portals between cells,

allowing easy movement between adjacent cells.

Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 03.05.04 Compare the function of adhesion junctions, gap junctions, and tight junctions in human cells.
Section: 03.05
Topic: Cell Structure

60. What are the folds in mitochondrial membranes called?

A. mat
rix
B. crist
ae
C. ruga
e
D. lum
en
E. villi

The folds in the mitochondria are known as cristae.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 03.06.01 Identify the key structures of a mitochondrion.
Section: 03.06
Topic: Cell Structure
61. The gel-like fluid substance within a mitochondrion is called the

A. mat
rix.
B. crist
ae.
C. ruga
e.
D. effl
uviu
m.
E. villi
.

The matrix of the mitochondrion is a gel-like fluid.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 03.06.01 Identify the key structures of a mitochondrion.
Section: 03.06
Topic: Cell Structure

62. The sum of all of the chemical reactions that occur in a cell
collectively are called

A. resp
irati
on.
B. ana
boli
sm.
C. phot
osy
nthe
sis.
D. met
abol
ism.
E. reac
tion
sum
mar
y.

Metabolism includes the sum of the chemical reactions that occur

within a cell.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 03.06.02 Summarize the relationship between the mitochondria and energy-generating pathways of the cell.
Section: 03.06
Topic: Metabolism
63. In a metabolic pathway, substrate Z is broken down to
form product Y and X. Y is further broken down into products V
and W. How many enzymes are required for this metabolic
pathway?

A. one
B. two
C. thre
e
D. four
E. five

Two enzymes are needed: one to break down Z and one to break
down Y.

Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 03.06.02 Summarize the relationship between the mitochondria and energy-generating pathways of the cell.
Section: 03.06
Topic: Metabolism
64. Why is glycolysis believed to have evolved early in the history of
life?

A. It
brea
ks
dow
n
sug
ar.
B. It
pro
duc
es
ener
gy.
C. It is
pres
ent
in
mos
t
ever
y
type
of
cell.
D. It
doe
s
not
requ
ire
oxy
gen.
E. It
split
sa
6-
carb
on
mol
ecul
e
into
two
3-
carb
on
mol
ecul
es.

Glycolysis is found in most every type of cell, therefore, it must

have evolved early in the history of life.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 03.06.03 Summarize the roles of glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain, and fermentation in energy generation.
Section: 03.06
Topic: Cellular Respiration
65. Which of the following processes in the breakdown of glucose
does not require oxygen?

A. glyc
olys
is
B. citri
c
acid
cycl
e
C. elec
tron
tran
spor
t
chai
n

Glycolysis is anaerobic, because it requires no oxygen.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 03.06.03 Summarize the roles of glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain, and fermentation in energy generation.
Section: 03.06
Topic: Cellular Respiration

True / False Questions

66. Only glucose can be used as an energy source in the human body.

FALSE

Other sugars as well as fats and proteins can be used as possible

fuel for cellular respiration.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 03.06.03 Summarize the roles of glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain, and fermentation in energy generation.
Section: 03.06
Topic: Cellular Respiration

Multiple Choice Questions

67. The first day of football practice was rough on the squad. The
players complained of cramps and sore muscles. The reason for
their complaints was that there was a __________________ build
up in their muscles.

A. gluc
ose
B. alco
hol
C. carb
on
diox
ide
D. carb
on
mon
oxid
e
E. lact
ate

The reason for cramps and sore muscles complaints was that there
was a lactate build up in their muscles due to anaerobic exercise.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 03.06.03 Summarize the roles of glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain, and fermentation in energy generation.
Section: 03.06
Topic: Cellular Respiration

True / False Questions

68. Since all organisms carry on cellular respiration, all living cells
must contain mitochondria.

FALSE

Prokaryotic cells carry out cellular respiration but they do not

contain mitochondria. The elements of the respiratory pathway are
present in the plasma membrane.

Bloom's Level: 5. Evaluate

Learning Outcome: 03.06.02 Summarize the relationship between the mitochondria and energy-generating pathways of the cell.
Section: 03.06
Topic: Cellular Respiration

Multiple Choice Questions

69. If the mitochondrion is the result of endosymbiosis, what
membrane of the mitochondrion represents the engulfing vesicle?

A. the
oute
r
mit
och
ond
rial
me
mbr
ane
B. vac
uole
C. crist
ae
D. mat
rix
E. gran
a

The outer mitochondrial membrane would come from the

engulfing vesicle. The cristae is the inner mitochondrial membrane
and would have represented the original prokaryotic membrane.

Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 03.06.01 Identify the key structures of a mitochondrion.
Section: 03.06
Topic: Cell Structure

True / False Questions

70. Fermentation produces more ATP than does aerobic respiration.

FALSE

Fermentation only produces 2 ATP while aerobic respiration

produces 32 ATP.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 03.06.03 Summarize the roles of glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain, and fermentation in energy generation.
Section: 03.06
Topic: Cellular Respiration

71. When ATP is broken down, heat is released.

TRUE

ATP breakdown releases heat and energy that can be used for
metabolic work.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 03.06.04 Illustrate the stages of the ATP cycle.
Section: 03.06
 Topic: Metabolism

Multiple Choice Questions

72. If you could remove all the phosphate in the cell, what would
happen to the ATP cycle?

A. It
wou
ld
stop
whe
n all
the
AT
P
had
bee
n
con
vert
ed
into
AD
P.
B. It
wou
ld
stop
whe
n all
the
AD
P
had
bee
n
con
vert
ed
into
AT
P.
C. It
wou
ld
cycl
e
fast
er
bec
ause
the
lack
of
pho
sph
ate
wou
ld
driv
e
the
cycl
 e.
D. It
wou
ld
cycl
e
fast
er
bec
ause
of
the
buil
dup
of
AT
P.
E. It
wou
ld
not
affe
ct
the
AT
P
cycl
e.

Without phosphate, ADP cannot be converted back to ATP. So the

cycle would stop when all the ATP had been converted to ADP.

Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 03.06.04 Illustrate the stages of the ATP cycle.
Section: 03.06
Topic: Metabolism
Chapter 03 Cell Structure and Function Summary

Ca # of
teg Qu
ory esti
ons
Bl 29
oo
m's
Le
vel
: 1.
Re
me
mb
er
Bl 18
oo
m's
Le
vel
: 2.
Un
der
sta
nd
Bl 6
oo
m's
Le
vel
: 3.
Ap
ply
Bl 13
oo
m's
Le
vel
: 4.
An
aly
ze
Bl 6
oo
m's
Le
vel
: 5.
Ev
alu
ate
Le 3
arn
ing
Ou
tco
me
:0
3.0
1.0
1S
tat
et
he
bas
ic
pri
nci
ple
so
f th
ec
ell
the
ory
.
Le 4
arn
ing
Ou
tco
me
:0
3.0
1.0
2E
xpl
ain
ho
wt
he
sur
fac
ea
rea
-
to-
vol
um
er
ati
o li
mit
sc
ell
siz
e.
Le 5
arn
ing
Ou
tco
me
:0
3.0
1.0
3S
um
ma
riz
et
he
rol
eo
fm
icr
osc
op
yi
nt
he
stu
dy
of
cel
ls.
Le 4
arn
ing
Ou
tco
me
:0
3.0
2.0
1I
de
ntif
yt
he
co
mp
on
ent
so
fa
hu
ma
nc
ell
an
d st
ate
its
fun
cti
on.
Le 3
arn
ing
Ou
tco
me
:0
3.0
2.0
2
Dis
tin
gui
sh
bet
we
en
the
str
uct
ure
of
ap
rok
ary
oti
cc
ell
an
dt
hat
of
ae
uk
ary
oti
cc
ell.
Le 3
arn
ing
Ou
tco
me
:0
3.0
2.0
3S
um
ma
riz
eh
ow
eu
kar
yot
ic c
ells
ev
olv
ed
fro
m
pro
kar
yot
ic c
ells
.
Le 5
arn
ing
Ou
tco
me
:0
3.0
3.0
1
De
scr
ibe
the
str
uct
ure
of t
he
cel
lm
em
bra
ne
an
d li
st t
he
typ
eo
fm
ole
cul
es f
ou
nd
in t
he
me
mb
ran
e.
Le 3
arn
ing
Ou
tco
me
:0
3.0
3.0
2
Dis
tin
gui
sh
bet
we
en
dif
fus
ion
, os
mo
sis,
an
df
aci
lita
ted
dif
fus
ion
an
dk
no
wt
he
rol
eo
fe
ach
in t
he
cel
l.
Le 4
arn
ing
Ou
tco
me
:0
3.0
3.0
3E
xpl
ain
ho
wt
oni
cit
yr
ela
tes
to t
he
dir
ect
ion
of
wa
ter
mo
ve
me
nt
acr
oss
a
me
mb
ran
e.
Le 4
arn
ing
Ou
tco
me
:0
3.0
3.0
4C
om
par
ep
ass
ive
-a
nd
act
ive
-
tra
nsp
ort
me
cha
nis
ms.
Le 3
arn
ing
Ou
tco
me
:0
3.0
3.0
5S
tat
eh
ow
eu
kar
yot
ic c
ells
mo
ve
lar
ge
mo
lec
ule
sa
cro
ss
me
mb
ran
es.
Le 4
arn
ing
Ou
tco
me
:0
3.0
4.0
1R
eco
gni
ze t
he
str
uct
ure
of t
he
nu
cle
us
an
d it
sr
ole
as t
he
sto
rag
ep
lac
eo
f th
eg
ene
tic
inf
or
ma
tio
n.
Le 5
arn
ing
Ou
tco
me
:0
3.0
4.0
2S
um
ma
riz
et
he
fun
cti
on
of t
he
org
ane
lles
of t
he
en
do
me
mb
ran
es
yst
em
.
Le 1
arn
ing
Ou
tco
me
:0
3.0
4.0
3E
xpl
ain
the
rol
ea
nd
loc
ati
on
of t
he
rib
oso
me
s.
Le 3
arn
ing
Ou
tco
me
:0
3.0
5.0
1E
xpl
ain
the
rol
eo
f th
ec
yto
ske
let
on
in t
he
cel
l.
Le 1
arn
ing
Ou
tco
me
:0
3.0
5.0
2L
ist
the
ma
jor
pro
tei
n fi
ber
s in
the
cyt
osk
ele
ton
.
Le 2
arn
ing
Ou
tco
me
:0
3.0
5.0
3S
tat
et
he
rol
eo
f fl
age
lla
an
dc
ilia
in
hu
ma
nc
ells
.
Le 2
arn
ing
Ou
tco
me
:0
3.0
5.0
4C
om
par
et
he
fun
cti
on
of
ad
hes
ion
jun
cti
ons
,g
ap
jun
cti
ons
,a
nd
tig
ht j
un
cti
ons
in
hu
ma
nc
ells
.
Le 3
arn
ing
Ou
tco
me
:0
3.0
6.0
1I
de
ntif
yt
he
ke
y st
ruc
tur
es
of
a
mit
oc
ho
ndr
ion
.
Le 3
arn
ing
Ou
tco
me
:0
3.0
6.0
2S
um
ma
riz
et
he
rel
ati
ons
hip
bet
we
en
the
mit
oc
ho
ndr
ia a
nd
ene
rgy
-
ge
ner
ati
ng
pat
hw
ays
of t
he
cel
l.
Le 5
arn
ing
Ou
tco
me
:0
3.0
6.0
3S
um
ma
riz
et
he
rol
es
of
gly
col
ysi
s, c
itri
ca
cid
cyc
le,
ele
ctr
on
tra
nsp
ort
cha
in,
an
df
er
me
nta
tio
ni
ne
ner
gy
ge
ner
ati
on.
Le 2
arn
ing
Ou
tco
me
:0
3.0
6.0
4 Il
lus
trat
et
he
sta
ges
of t
he
AT
Pc
ycl
e.
Se 12
cti
on:
03.
01
Se 10
cti
on:
03.
02
Se 19
cti
on:
03.
03
Se 10
cti
on:
03.
04
Se 8
cti
on:
03.
05
Se 13
cti
on:
03.
06
To 2
pic
:B
act
eri
aa
nd
Ar
cha
ea
To 60
pic
:C
ell
Str
uct
ure
To 6
pic
:C
ell
ula
rR
esp
irat
ion
To 4
pic
:M
eta
bol
is
m