Curriculum Integration Reading Program

220 words

L6
Lesson Components
BIG IDEA Let’s Focus
The Big Idea section stimulates The Let’s Focus section encourages
students’ interest and gives students to think about the main idea as
them a wider understanding of they read through the passage.
the chapter’s theme.

Link to Text [Self]

The Link to Text [Self] section allows
students to think back about what they
have read or to relate ideas from the
passage to their own lives.

In Other Words
In this section, students learn additional
useful words and their synonyms.
Contents Map
The Contents Map section previews the content covered in each
lesson and presents the unifying theme. Reading Comprehension
In this section, students’ understanding of
the passage is checked through multiple-
choice and short-answer questions.

Background Link Graphic Organizer &

The Background Link section Summary
offers students background A two-step summarizing activity teaches
information involved in the students how to make outlines and
lesson. Also, it asks them summaries.
to answer simple questions
or complete short activities
related to the content of the Find Evidence
passage. The Find Evidence section encourages students to closely focus on
the meaning of individual words and sentences by finding evidence
from the text to answer comprehension questions. Both detail and
inference questions are included.

Vocabulary Worksheet
After studying the Key Word section, students apply what they’ve
Key Words learned using the Vocabulary Worksheet. While answering
The Key Words section highlights the key questions that include the key words, students can activate their
words from the lesson. prior knowledge or experience and reinforce their learning.
Contents
CHAPTER 1 Food CHAPTER 3 Numbers
LESSON SUBJECT TITLE WORDS PAGE LESSON SUBJECT TITLE WORDS PAGE

1 Science What Do Plants Eat? 227 6 9 History The History of Numerals 240 58

2 History George Washington Carver 228 14 10 Music The Curse of the Ninth 232 66

Leading the Fight against

3 Social Studies Food Waste
232 20 11 Social Studies Player Numbers in Sports 250 72

Science & Math &

4 Social Studies The Case of Borneo 231 26 12 Social Studies A Day to Celebrate Pi 229 78

CHAPTER 2 Wind CHAPTER 4 The Solar System

LESSON SUBJECT TITLE WORDS PAGE LESSON SUBJECT TITLE WORDS PAGE

5 Science Why Does Wind Blow? 233 32 13 Science Our Solar System and Its Planets 245 84

Science &
6 Social Studies Wind Farms Going Offshore 228 40 14 Social Studies The Tradition of Naming Planets 246 92

Science &
7 Art Mobiles: Art in Motion 233 46 15 Social Studies The Voyager Golden Records 237 98

History &
8 Literature The Origin of the Winds 249 52 16 Social Studies Space Laws 236 104

Supplementary
Vocabulary Worksheet p. 113
Material
CHAPTER 1

Food 1 What Do Plants

Eat? 2 George Washington
Carver

e His
nc t

e
Sci

ory
Food

ies
Soc
Sc i al

ud
nc

ie
St e &

St
al
ud i
es Soci
The Case of Leading the Fight
4 Borneo 3 against Food Waste

BIG IDEA
What’s your favorite food?
 FOOD

1
Science
What Do Plants Eat?

Background Link
Plants make their food with sunlight
and water. But they also need other
things to survive. Sunlight is essential for plants
to grow.

Plants absorb water through

their roots.

Key Words 02

survive suspicious conduct observation

discover absorb stem release
Vocabulary Worksheet → p. 113

8 Lesson 1 • Food 9
 FOOD Science

03
What Do Plants Eat?
While that wasn’t the whole answer, van Helmont
was partially correct. Since van Helmont’s observation, 15

scientists have discovered that plants need three things:

water, carbon dioxide, and sunlight. They use these to
make food through a process called photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis begins when a plant breathes in

carbon dioxide through tiny holes on its leaves. At the 20

same time, the roots absorb water. Traveling from the

roots to the stems, the water reaches the leaves. Then
the leaves use the energy from sunlight to turn carbon
dioxide and water into a kind of sugar. This sugar is what
the plant needs to grow. During photosynthesis, the plant 25

Let s Focus releases oxygen, a gas humans need to survive. What a

magical process!
Plants may not have mouths, but they still need to
Words 227
eat to survive. Many scientists wondered how plants carbon dioxide sugar

survived. After years of research, we now know that water oxygen

plants create their own food.

In the past, people thought plants ate soil. One 5

scientist, Jan Baptist van Helmont, was suspicious of

this, so he conducted an experiment. He weighed a
tree and some dry soil. + +

Then, he planted the tree in the soil and watered

it. Five years later, he weighed the tree and soil again. 10

Jan Baptist van Helmont Though the tree was heavier than before, the weight of
(1580–1644)
the soil was almost the same. Van Helmont concluded
that plants survive by drinking water. Lin to Text
What did van Helmont
discover about plant
growth?
In Other Words wonder be curious about conclude figure out whole complete partially partly
10 Lesson 1 • Food 11
 Reading Comprehension Graphic Organizer & Summary

1. What is the main idea of this passage? Step 1 Complete the information with the words from the box.
a. There is a certain type of food plants like to eat.
b. For centuries, people have wondered how plants survive.
c. Plants make their own food through a special process.
d. One scientist worked hard to discover photosynthesis. carbon dioxide
holes
2. Before van Helmont’s experiment, what did people think plants ate? stems
a. air b. soil c. water d. sunlight
sunlight
3. How does a plant get carbon dioxide?
a. It uses sunlight to create it.
b. It releases oxygen to produce it. turns
c. Its roots absorb it from the soil.
sugar
d. It breathes it in through its leaves.

4. What is true about photosynthesis?

a. It was first explained by van Helmont.
b. It mainly happens in the leaves.
c. Oxygen is required to make it occur.
d. Plants create water with it.
Step 2 Complete the summary with the words from the box.

5. What were the results of van Helmont’s experiment?

The tree got heavier , but the soil weighed almost the same .
People used to think plants ate soil. One scientist proved this wasn’t

6. Why do plants need sunlight? true with an experiment. He planted a tree in soil and watered it. Years
They use it to turn carbon dioxide and water into a kind of sugar . later, the weight of the soil hadn’t changed much. He concluded plants

drink water to survive . Actually, plants need three things to make

food: water, carbon dioxide, and sunlight. Photosynthesis begins when

Find Evidence a plant breathes in carbon dioxide through holes on its leaves. Water

7. What can be inferred from this passage? travels to the leaves from the roots. Then the plant uses sunlight to
a. The sugar that plants eat is made of soil. make sugar and later releases oxygen.
b. Water is delivered through tiny holes on leaves.
c. Plants cannot survive in dark places.
d. Van Helmont’s observation proved to be completely wrong.
Go to the passage and underline the evidence for your answer.
7. (lines 15-17) Since van Helmont’s observation, scientists ~ and sunlight.
12 (lines 22-24) Then the leaves use the energy from sunlight ~ into a kind of sugar. Lesson 1 • Food 13
 George Washington
FOOD

2
History Carver
Background Link
Cotton production is a major
industry in the southern United
States. Cotton farming is closely
related to the history of slavery
in the United States. In fact, in
the 19th century, two-thirds of
all African Americans worked as
slaves on cotton farms.

Key Words 04

slave struggle expert yield

recommend enrich profitable patent
Vocabulary Worksheet → p. 114

14 Lesson 2 • Food 15
 FOOD History

05
George Washington
Carver In Alabama, the main crop was cotton.
Cotton pulled nutrients from the soil. This
ruined the fields after years of harvesting,
so the yield decreased annually. Carver 15

recommended that farmers grow other crops, too.

He suggested soybeans and peanuts because they
enrich soil.

Many farmers didn’t listen to Carver because cotton

made more money than other crops. So, Carver tried 20

to make these crops more profitable. He experimented

with them continuously. He introduced hundreds of
new products made from them, such as cooking oil,
Let s Focus cosmetics, and plastics. As a result, farmers began
growing more diverse crops. 25

George Washington Carver was born a slave in

Carver didn’t care about getting rich. He didn’t even
Missouri in 1864. Although slavery ended in 1865, few Carver in his laboratory
patent most of his inventions. The only thing he was
schools accepted African Americans. Carver struggled,
interested in was science and helping others. Carver died
but graduated from high school. He also became the
on January 5, 1943. To honor this great man, the United
first African-American student at his college. 5
States Congress made January 5 George Washington 30

Raised on a farm, Carver liked plants. At school, Carver Day.

he enjoyed studying science. Therefore, he chose to
Words 228
study plant science in college. He became an expert
in this field and later started teaching. In 1896, he
moved to a small college for African Americans in 10

George Washington Alabama.

Carver (1864–1943)

Lin to Sel
How can you help others
with your knowledge?
In Other Words crop farm product ruin destroy introduce propose diverse various
16 Lesson 2 • Food 17
 Reading Comprehension Graphic Organizer & Summary

1. What is the main idea of this passage? Step 1 Complete each sentence with the words from the box and put them in the
a. Farmers struggled to grow new crops. correct order.
b. A scientist devoted his life to helping farmers.
c. A farmer applied science to the agricultural industry.
d. It was hard for African Americans to get formal education.
5 efforts
2. What is NOT true about George Washington Carver?
4 experimented
a. He was a slave when he was born.
b. He couldn’t easily find schools that would accept him. 2 plant science

c. He had a lot of knowledge about plant science.

d. He was born and raised in Alabama. 3 recommended

1 trouble
3. Why did Carver recommend growing soybeans and peanuts instead of cotton?
a. They earned more money. 6
b. They made the soil healthier. honor
c. They could be used in more products.
d. They were easier to grow.

4. Why did some cotton farmers ignore Carver’s advice?

a. The soil was good for raising cotton.
Step 2 Complete the summary with the words from the box.
b. They thought Carver didn’t know much about planting.
c. Cotton was the most profitable crop.
d. They didn’t know how to grow other crops. George Washington Carver was born a(n) slave . Although slavery

5. Why did cotton ruin fields after years of harvesting?

ended soon after his birth, going to school was still difficult for African
It pulled nutrients from the soil . Americans. Despite this, Carver went to college and studied plant science. Later,

he started teaching in Alabama, where the main crop was cotton.

6. How did Carver motivate farmers to grow other crops?
He introduced hundreds of new products made from them. Cotton made the soil weak . So, Carver suggested that farmers grow

soybeans and peanuts to enrich the soil. To make the crops more

Find Evidence profitable , Carver introduced hundreds of new products made from them.

[7–8] Choose True or False. He didn’t patent most of his work. He only wanted to help farmers.
7. Carver chose to work doing what he had always loved. True False
8. Carver was interested in becoming a wealthy man. True False

Go to the passage and underline the evidence for your answer.

7. (lines 6-9) Raised on a farm, Carver liked ~ and later started teaching.
18 8. (lines 26-27) Carver didn’t care about getting rich. ~ most of his inventions. Lesson 2 • Food 19
 Leading the Fight
FOOD

3 against Food Waste

WORLD NEWS
oc
ial Studie
S

Annual Food Waste per Person in Different Countries

Background Link
Country Food Waste per Person
About 1.3 billion tons of food waste is produced annually around the world.
Look at the chart on the right and check True or False for each statement
below.

1. Food waste in Germany is 110 kg per person. True False UNITED STATES
2. Greece wastes more food than the Republic of Korea. True False
3. People in Canada make the fourth largest amount of
food waste per person among the countries. True False

JAPAN

GERMANY

= 50 kg = 10 kg
= 100 kg
CANADA

REPUBLIC OF KOREA

Key Words 06

starve achievement organization post

unidentified persuade quantity discard
GREECE
Vocabulary Worksheet → p. 115 3. T 2. F Answers: 1. F

20 Lesson 3 • Food 21
 FOOD Social Studies

07
Leading the Fight
against Food Waste She began posting tips on the Internet. She
suggested taking pictures of the inside of the fridge 15

before buying groceries. She also ran a campaign to get

people to eat UFOs—Unidentified Frozen Objects—from
the freezer. In addition, she persuaded big supermarkets
to stop offering discounts on large quantities of food.
That way, people wouldn’t buy more than they needed. 20
Selina Juul (1980–)

Juul’s actions were covered by the media and gained

nationwide support. Soon, one supermarket started
giving single item discounts instead of bulk discounts.
Then, other businesses began turning food waste into
new food products. For example, one company started 25

Let s Focus making potato salad with discarded potatoes. The

potatoes were usually thrown away just because they
Today, millions of people are still starving. Yet didn’t look good.
one-third of the world’s food is thrown away. Many
Despite Denmark’s success, food
countries are taking action against this problem, and
waste is still a global problem. What can 30
Denmark is currently in the lead. The country reduced
you do to waste less food?
its food waste by 25% in only five years. 5

Words 232
Denmark’s achievement started with an idea from
the founder of Stop Wasting Food. This organization
was started in 2008 by Selina Juul. Juul is from
Russia, where there wasn’t enough food when she was
young. She was shocked by how 10

much food Danish people wasted.

So, she decided to do something
about it.

Lin to Text
What did Selina Juul
suggest doing?
In Other Words take action do something reduce lower cover report on global worldwide
22 Lesson 3 • Food 23
 Reading Comprehension Graphic Organizer & Summary

1. What is the main idea of this passage? Step 1 Complete the information with the words from the box.
a. Starvation is still a worldwide problem.
b. Several countries reduced food waste in different ways.
c. A person played a big role in reducing food waste.
d. There are many effective ways to reduce food waste. Inspiration Selina Juul was shocked by the huge food waste in Denmark.

• sharing ideas online

2. What is NOT mentioned about Selina Juul?
Activities • running a(n) campaign to encourage people to eat “UFOs”
a. where she was born b. why she started her organization
c. why she moved to Denmark d. what kind of suggestions she made • stopping discounts on large quantities of food

• Many people supported fighting food waste.

3. How do quantity discounts encourage food waste?
a. Poor-quality food is often included. Results • Some businesses made efforts to cut food waste.

b. People can’t fit everything in their freezers. • Total food waste was reduced by 25% in five years.
c. Items in large quantities can go bad easily.
d. Consumers buy more food than they need.

4. What is NOT true according to this passage?

a. Denmark reduced food waste by more than 20% in five years.
b. Selina Juul shared ideas online about cutting food waste.
c. The media was not interested in Stop Wasting Food.
Step 2 Complete the summary with the words from the box.
d. Selina Juul affected the way businesses sell food.

5. What are the UFOs that Selena Juul encouraged people to eat?
Millions of people are still starving , but one-third of the world’s food is
They are Unidentified Frozen Objects in people’s freezers.
wasted . Denmark is leading the fight against this kind of waste.
6. How did a company reduce food waste with potato salad? The country’s success is mainly due to the hard work of Stop Wasting Food
It made potato salad with potatoes that had been thrown away because
and its founder. This organization was founded by Selina Juul from Russia.
they didn’t look good .
She was shocked by the amount of food waste in Denmark. So, she

Find Evidence started posting tips on the Internet on how to reduce food waste. Juul’s

7. What CANNOT be inferred from this passage? organization gained nationwide support, and soon, many businesses
a. One small action can make a big difference. joined the fight against food waste.
b. Denmark’s success is mainly due to the government’s efforts.
c. Food is often dumped because of its appearance.
d. Winning the fight against food waste requires people’s attention.
Go to the passage and underline the evidence for your answer.
7. (lines 6-8) Denmark’s achievement ~ by Selina Juul.
24 Lesson 3 • Food 25
 FOOD

4 The Case of Borneo

Scie

dies
e tu
nc

& Social S

Background Link snake eagle

How do animals get energy to survive?

All living things rely on each other for
food. Energy passes from one living grasshopper
thing to another. This flow of energy is
called a food chain. A food chain can
be displayed as a pyramid. Let’s make
an ecological pyramid with four living grass
things.

• Producers make their own food using

the sun’s energy. 1.
• Primary consumers eat producers. tertiary consumers
• Secondary consumers eat primary
consumers and producers. 2.
• Tertiary consumers eat from any of secondary consumers
the other levels in the pyramid.
3.
primary consumers

4.
producers

Key Words 08

An ecological pyramid shows how energy transfers from

chemical concentrated prey threat
one living thing to the next on the food chain.
population delicate predator ecosystem
Vocabulary Worksheet → p. 116 4. grass 3. grasshopper 2. snake Answers: 1. eagle

26 Lesson 4 • Food 27
 FOOD Science & Social Studies

09
The Case of Borneo
Let s Focus

Mosquitoes can be incredibly annoying. They Like mosquitoes, rats were also a threat to
can also carry malaria, a deadly disease. In the the people of Borneo. They carried another deadly
1950s, people in Borneo, Indonesia’s largest disease: the plague. There was only one way to 20

island, used DDT, a dangerous chemical, to kill control the rat population: more cats. Cats from
mosquitoes. 5 other areas were put into boxes and loaded onto
airplanes. Then, they were dropped onto Borneo
DDT, however, did much more than that. It with parachutes.
killed most of the mosquitoes, but cockroaches
also absorbed it. Lizards on the island then What does the story of Borneo tell us? First, 25

ate the cockroaches. The DDT became more it shows there is a delicate balance between
concentrated in their bodies and made them 10 predators and prey in a food chain. If one animal
Borneo Island slow down. species disappears or its numbers change, other
animals may be greatly affected. Furthermore,
Cats on the island loved eating lizards. The this story tells us that human actions, such as 30
slow lizards were easy prey for them. As cats ate using harmful chemicals to kill bugs, can cause
more lizards, their bodies absorbed even more unintended damage to ecosystems. Borneo’s
DDT. The cats eventually died because of it. 15
case teaches us valuable lessons.
Without any cats around, the number of rats
began to increase. Words 231

Lin to Text
Using DDT What does the case of
Borneo teach us?
In Other Words incredibly extremely deadly fatal unintended unplanned damage harm
28 Lesson 4 • Food 29
 Reading Comprehension Graphic Organizer & Summary

1. What is the main idea of this passage? Step 1 Complete the information with the words from the box.
a. Mosquitos can cause a lot of damage.
b. Many people in Borneo suffered from deadly diseases.
c. DDT is a highly dangerous chemical.
d. Changing a food chain can have a lot of effects. disappeared
absorbed
2. Why was DDT used in Borneo? slower
a. to stop bugs damaging crops
b. to decrease the number of cockroaches
c. to kill insects that spread diseases
d. to change the food chain of Borneo concentrated
parachutes larger
3. Why was it easier for the cats to catch the lizards?
a. The cats in Borneo were good at hunting.
b. Concentrated DDT made the cats faster.
c. The lizards were slow because of the DDT.
d. Eating cockroaches made the lizards bigger.

4. What is NOT mentioned as a lesson from the case of Borneo?

a. The number of animals is important in an ecosystem.
Step 2 Complete the summary with the words from the box.
b. Using unnatural chemicals should always be avoided.
c. What people do can disturb the natural balance.
d. Actions that are meant to help can cause harm. In the 1950s, people in Borneo used DDT to kill mosquitoes. Cockroaches on

5. Why did eating cockroaches cause the lizards to slow down?

the island also absorbed the chemical . The DDT became concentrated
The cockroaches absorbed DDT, and it became more concentrated in the in the lizards that ate the cockroaches. The lizards became slower, making it
lizards’ bodies.
easier for cats to catch them. The cats died from the DDT, and the number of

6. How did people reduce the number of rats in Borneo? rats increased . Rats carried another disease, the plague. To control
They dropped cats onto the island with parachutes . the rat population, cats were dropped with parachutes. This story shows

Find Evidence the delicate balance of the food chain. It also tells us that human actions

[7–8] Choose True or False. can cause unexpected damage to ecosystems .

7. Harmful chemicals can stay in an ecosystem for a long time. True False
8. How a human action affects an ecosystem is easy to predict. True False

Go to the passage and underline the evidence for your answer.

7. (lines 2-15) In the 1950s, people in ~ even more DDT.
30 8. (lines 29-32) Furthermore, this story tells us ~ damage to ecosystems. Lesson 4 • Food 31
CHAPTER 2

Wind 5 Why Does Wind

Blow? 6 Wind Farms
Going Offshore

S
e Soci cien
nc al S

ce tudies
e
Sci

&
Wind

Lite
at A
ure

rt
r
The Origin of Mobiles:
8 the Winds 7 Art in Motion

BIG IDEA
How does wind affect our lives?
 Why Does Wind
WIND

5
Science Blow?
a sail

Background Link
Wind is fast-moving air. It affects things around
us in many ways.

A boat’s sails catch the wind. When the wind blows,

the eye of a typhoon
the sailor adjust the sails so that the boat moves
forward.

pollen

A typhoon is a strong storm. It has wind that moves very quickly. The
wind spins around an “eye” located at the storm’s center. These storms
can do a lot of damage.

Some flowers use wind to spread seeds. Their

pollen is light enough to be carried by the wind.
Rice, wheat, and corn all use wind to spread seeds.

Key Words 10

spin heavy pressure dense

surface ability opposite occur
Vocabulary Worksheet → p. 117

34 Lesson 5 • Wind 35
 WIND Science

11
Why Does Wind Blow?
Let s Focus
What makes a kite fly? What makes a pinwheel
spin? The answer is wind. Wind is another name for
during the day
moving air. What makes it move?

When the sun warms up land, the air above the

land gets hotter. As a result, this air becomes lighter 5

and rises up. The empty space left by the rising air
needs to be filled. So, cooler, heavier air rushes in to
fill it. This rushing air is wind.
after sunset
Wind also blows because of differences in air
a pinwheel
pressure. Air pressure is the weight of air molecules. 10

Hot air molecules are light and move farther apart,

The earth’s surface is composed of land and sea,
so they cause low pressure. On the other hand, cool
which have different heating abilities. Land takes less
air molecules are dense and come closer together, so
time to heat and cool than sea. During the day, air over
they cause high pressure. Wind blows from areas of
land heats up very quickly. It creates low pressure on
high pressure toward areas of low pressure. 15
land while there is still high pressure over sea. This 20

causes air to blow from sea toward land.

However, after sunset, the opposite occurs. The air

above land cools down quickly, causing high pressure.
That’s why the night air blows from land toward sea. Next
time you’re near the ocean, try to feel which way the wind 25

is blowing.

Words 233

low pressure high pressure

Wind blows.
Lin to Text
How does the direction
Cooler, heavier air
Hotter air rises up. of wind change near the
goes down.
ocean?
In Other Words space area rush move quickly be composed of consist of create cause
36 Lesson 5 • Wind 37
 Reading Comprehension Graphic Organizer & Summary

1. What is this passage mainly about? Step 1 Complete the information with the words from the box.
a. how wind changes our landscape
b. how wind is formed and the way it moves
c. how people use wind in their daily lives
d. why wind is needed and how it is created How Wind Is • When land warms up, the air above it rises .
Made • The empty space is filled by cooler air.
2. What happens to air as it warms up?
• Hotter air causes low air pressure.
a. It turns into water. b. It gradually sinks.
c. It rushes to fill empty space. d. It becomes lighter and rises up. Wind and Air • Cooler air causes high air pressure.
Pressure • Wind blows from areas of high pressure to areas of
3. What is NOT true about wind and air pressure? low pressure.
a. Hotter air creates low pressure.
b. Cooler air is heavier than warmer air. • Land heats up and cools down faster than water.
Wind between
c. Wind blows from areas of lower pressure. • During the day, wind blows from sea .
Land and Sea
d. Differences in air pressure cause wind. • After sunset, wind blows from land .

4. What is mentioned about land and sea?

a. Air over land causes low pressure after sunset.
b. Land heats up more quickly than sea.
c. Wind blows toward land at night.
Step 2 Complete the summary with the words from the box.
d. Land takes longer to cool than sea does.

5. What happens when warm air rises up and leaves empty space?
Moving air is known as wind . When the earth heats up, warm air
Then cooler , heavier air rushes in to fill it.
[cool] [heavy] rises . Then cool air rushes in to fill the space. This is how wind
6. Near the sea, which way does wind blow after sunset? is made. A difference in air pressure makes wind blow. Air pressure is
At night, wind blows from land toward sea .
the weight of air molecules. Hot air causes low air pressure, while

cold air causes the pressure to increase. Near the sea, the direction of the

Find Evidence wind changes between daytime and nighttime. During the day, air blows from

7. What CANNOT be inferred from this passage? sea toward land. In contrast, air blows the opposite way after
a. Wind can travel in different directions. sunset.
b. Air moves from high pressure to low pressure.
c. Warmer air molecules cause air pressure to increase.
d. Different parts of the earth’s surface heat at different speeds.
Go to the passage and underline the evidence for your answer.
7. (lines 11-12) Hot air molecules are ~ cause low pressure.
38 Lesson 5 • Wind 39
 Wind Farms
WIND

6 Going Offshore
Scie

dies
e tu
nc

& Social S
Solar Energy
Using solar panels, we
can capture sunlight
Background Link and make electricity.

Renewable energy is energy that comes from resources

that we never run out of. Because it is renewable and
produces less pollution, it is considered the energy of the
future. What are some examples of renewable energy?
Geothermal Energy
Electricity is generated
from the earth’s heat.

Tidal Energy
Using the power of the
ocean tides, generators
turn the movement of
water into electricity.

Wind Energy
Huge wind turbines use
the power of the wind
Key Words 12
to make electricity.
electricity generate renewable plentiful
ruin landscape solution productive
Vocabulary Worksheet → p. 118

40 Lesson 6 • Wind 41
 WIND Science & Social Studies

13
Wind Farms
Going Offshore

However, wind power has downsides, too. On

days with no wind, the turbines don’t generate any
electricity. Also, some people think wind farms are
noisy and ruin the landscape. These problems have
led scientists to look for new solutions. 20

One possible solution is to move

Let s Focus
wind farms offshore. Offshore wind farms Wind makes the
blades spin.
are very productive since ocean winds
Have you ever imagined the world without
are strong and steady. Countries such as
electricity? What if we used up all of our energy?
the UK, Germany, and China have already 25
Many countries have started searching for better
started producing energy from this type
sources of energy. Wind power is one of the most
of wind power. For example, the Walney
attractive options. 5
Extension in the UK generates enough The spinning

Wind can be used to generate electricity with the electricity to power 600,000 homes. The blades turn
a generator.
help of wind turbines. A wind turbine is a tall tower future of wind power looks quite promising. 30

with large blades. When wind blows, the blades spin.

Words 228
This turns a generator that makes electricity. To create
more electricity, many wind turbines may be built in 10

one area. This is called a wind farm.

The number of wind farms is increasing because

a typical wind turbine
wind power is clean and renewable. Wind turbines
don’t require fuel or create any dangerous gases or Lin to Text
waste. Plus, wind is a free and plentiful resource. 15
Why is wind power an
attractive option?
In Other Words require need downside disadvantage steady constant promising bright
42 Lesson 6 • Wind 43
 Reading Comprehension Graphic Organizer & Summary

1. What is this passage mainly about? Step 1 Complete the information with the words from the box.
a. aspects of wind farms and a solution to their problems
b. new technologies for building wind farms on land
c. various types of renewable energy
d. differences between inland and offshore wind farms 1) When wind blows, large blades spin .
Process
2) The spinning blades turn a generator.
2. What is true about wind farms?
Advantages • clean and renewable • free and plentiful
a. They have many wind turbines in one area.
b. They require plenty of fuel. • create noise • ruin the landscape
c. They generate less electricity than a single turbine. Problems
• don’t generate power steadily
d. They prevent power loss on days that aren’t windy.
• Putting wind farms offshore could solve these problems.
3. Which word does NOT describe wind energy? Solution • Offshore wind farms are very productive because ocean winds are
a. clean b. renewable c. quiet d. plentiful
steady and strong.

4. What is NOT true about offshore wind farms?

a. They exist in more than one country.
b. They can make more energy than wind farms on land.
c. They use water instead of wind to create electricity.
d. They can solve some issues that wind farms have on land.
Step 2 Complete the summary with the words from the box.

5. How does a wind turbine make electricity?

The wind causes the blades to spin , which turns a(n) generator
We can make electricity using wind turbines . A wind turbine is a tower
and makes electricity.
with large blades on top that spin when wind blows. Many wind
6. Why do some people dislike wind farms on land? turbines together are called a wind farm . The power from wind farms is clean
They think the wind farms are noisy and ruin the landscape .
and renewable. On the other hand, they don’t generate any electricity

when there’s no wind. In addition, they can be noisy and ruin

the landscape. To solve these problems, some countries started moving wind

Find Evidence farms offshore . Ocean winds are strong , so offshore wind farms

[7–8] Choose True or False. can be more productive .

7. Multiple wind turbines are built to produce greater electricity. True False
8. Wind blows more strongly over the sea than over land. True False

Go to the passage and underline the evidence for your answer.

7. (lines 9-11) To create ~ many wind turbines may be built in one area.
44 8. (lines 22-24) Offshore wind farms are very productive ~ are strong and steady. Lesson 6 • Wind 45
 Mobiles :
WIND

7Art Art in Motion

In abstract art, artists draw what they feel or think rather than what they see.
Background Link They represent real-world objects and people in an abstract way, using just
Find the common features of these three paintings. lines, shapes, and colors. Therefore, it is sometimes difficult to understand
This kind of art is called abstract art. What do you abstract art.
think the artists tried to express?

Wassily Kandinsky, Improvisation 26 (Rowing), 1912 Piet Mondrian, Composition with Red,
Kazimir Malevich, Blue, and Yellow
Yellow, 1930
Suprematist Composition, 1916

Key Words 14
Dutch painter Piet Mondrian is especially well-known for his abstract
hang sculptor wire connect paintings. He insisted that objects be simplified to their basic elements to
attach interact environment fascinate show their pure energy. So, in the above painting, he only used horizontal
and vertical lines with limited colors.
Vocabulary Worksheet → p. 119

46 Lesson 7 • Wind 47
 WIND Art

15
Mobiles: Art in Motion
Calder moved to Paris in 1926. Using his knowledge
of structure and balance from engineering, he made
sculptures with wire. In 1930, he went to Dutch painter 15

Piet Mondrian’s studio. After that, Calder’s art changed

significantly. Mondrian’s abstract art influenced Calder a
lot. Calder decided to create abstract art that could move.
He started creating moving sculptures. He connected
wires of different lengths and attached objects to them. 20

When he hung them, they balanced perfectly in the air. In

1931, Marcel Duchamp, a French-American painter and
sculptor, named these “mobiles.”

Calder’s mobiles have had a great impact on modern

Let s Focus art. They changed how people viewed sculptures. Calder’s 25

mobiles move freely in the wind. Thus, the mobile is

Have you ever seen a mobile hanging from a an art form that interacts with its environment. It’s no
ceiling? Babies enjoy watching them spin gracefully. wonder Calder’s mobiles have fascinated people for
The mobile is a form of modern art created by decades.
Alexander Calder.
Words 233

Alexander Calder was born in 1898 in the United 5

States. His parents were both artists. His father was a

sculptor, and his mother was a painter. Calder showed
artistic talent from an early age. But his parents didn’t
want their son to have the hard life of an artist. So,
he studied mechanical engineering. Nevertheless, in 10

Alexander Calder his mid-twenties, he decided to follow his dream and

(1898–1976)
become an artist.

Lin to Sel
If you made a mobile, what
kind of objects would you
attach?
In Other Words gracefully elegantly significantly greatly impact influence view regard
48 Lesson 7 • Wind 49
 Reading Comprehension Graphic Organizer & Summary

1. What is the main idea of this passage? Step 1 Complete each sentence with the words from the box and put them in the
a. Mobiles were originally designed for babies. correct order.
b. An artist created sculptures that could move in the wind.
c. Engineering and art are often combined in artwork.
d. Calder was greatly influenced by Mondrian’s art.
4 move
2. Why did Calder study engineering instead of art?
2 follow
a. He didn’t like art because of his parents.
1 engineering
b. He wasn’t interested in being an artist.
c. His parents didn’t want him to be an artist. 6 abstract art
d. He didn’t have enough artistic talent to become an artist. 3 studio

3. What caused a great change in Calder’s art? 5 attaching

a. his studies in college b. Marcel Duchamp’s advice
c. Mondrian’s artwork d. his parents’ support

4. What is true about Calder?

a. He discovered his artistic talent in his mid-twenties.
b. He used his engineering knowledge to create art.
c. He copied Mondrian’s art to improve his art skills.
d. His artwork was very traditional for the time.
Step 2 Complete the summary with the words from the box.
5. After visiting Mondrian’s studio, what did Calder decide?
He decided to create abstract art that could move .
Alexander Calder is an artist who was born in America. He was talented
6. How did Calder make moving sculptures? in art from a young age, but his parents wanted him to have a(n) easier
He connected wires of different lengths and attached objects to
life. Instead of studying art, he decided to study mechanical engineering. Later,
them.
however, he became an artist and moved to Paris. There, he made sculptures

Find Evidence with wire and was influenced by Mondrian’s abstract art. He started making

7. What CANNOT be inferred from this passage? hanging artwork that moved in the wind . His works were called
a. Balance is an important factor in Calder’s art. “ mobiles ,” and they had a great impact on modern art.
b. Artists can inspire each other to create something new.
c. Marcel Duchamp wasn’t interested in Calder’s work.
d. People today still like Calder’s artwork.
Go to the passage and underline the evidence for your answer.
7. (lines 21-23) In 1931, Marcel Duchamp, ~ named these “mobiles.”
50 Lesson 7 • Wind 51
 The Origin of
WIND

8
Lit
erature the Winds
Background Link
There are many names for winds around the world. Wind can
have different qualities depending on geographical factors,
such as mountains and oceans. Winds are also affected by
local weather conditions.
Buran
Location: Siberia and Eastern Asia
Feature: It is hot and dry in summer. However,
it is extremely cold in winter.

Chinook
Location: Canada and USA
Feature: It is a strong, warm winter wind. It usually
arrives suddenly and can cause a quick
temperature rise.

Sirocco
Location: North Africa and Southern Europe
Key Words 16 Feature: It is a dry wind from the Sahara. However,
it becomes humid when it moves over the
carve miraculously lively gust Mediterranean Sea and into Europe.
moist sweep prepare satisfied
Vocabulary Worksheet → p. 120

52 Lesson 8 • Wind 53
 WIND Literature

17
The Origin of the Winds
Let s Focus

Long ago, there were no rough winds or Then the doll headed south and then west, and did
even gentle breezes. The world was completely the same thing. A hot, moist wind rushed in from the
still. In a small village, there lived a couple who south, while a strong west wind blew in rainstorms.
had no children. One day, the husband carved a
wooden doll in the image of a boy. That night, the doll 5
Finally, the doll opened the hole in the north. A 20

miraculously came to life! Excited, the husband and freezing blast swept in with snow and ice. Closing the
wife played with him before going to bed. When the hole quickly, he said, “Come only in the middle of winter,
couple woke up, however, the doll was gone. Where did so people can prepare for you.”
he go?
Satisfied with what he brought to the world, the doll
First, the doll traveled all the way to the east. 10
returned home. To honor him, the people started making 25

There he found a hole in the sky wall that was covered. dolls that looked just like him. The people believed dolls
“Having wind will make this world livelier,” he thought. would bring happiness, and doll-making became one of
He immediately uncovered the hole, letting in a powerful their traditions.
gust. Once in a while, the wind brought a reindeer
Words 249
in. He said to the wind, “Sometimes blow hard, 15

sometimes soft, and sometimes don’t blow at all.”

Lin to Sel
What would our lives be
like without wind?
In Other Words still calm uncover open once in a while sometimes head go toward
54 Lesson 8 • Wind 55
 Reading Comprehension Graphic Organizer & Summary

1. What is the main idea of this passage? Step 1 Complete the information with the words from the box.
a. A couple made a beautiful wooden doll.
b. There was a doll who liked traveling. From the North
c. Doll-making is an old tradition of a small village. a freezing blast with
d. A doll came to life and brought wind to the world.
snow and ice

2. What is NOT true about the doll?

a. He and the couple’s son looked alike. From the West From the East
b. He left home while the couple was asleep. a strong wind with a powerful gust
c. He traveled in each of the four directions. rainstorms and reindeer
d. He eventually returned home.
From the South
3. Why did the doll decide to let in the wind?
a hot and moist
a. to make the world cold b. to create the weather
c. to meet new people d. to make the world livelier wind

4. What is NOT true according to this passage?

a. The doll went to the east first.
b. Hot, moist wind came from the south.
c. Reindeer came through the hole in the west.
Step 2 Complete the summary with the words from the box.
d. The wind from the north carried snow and ice.

5. Why did the doll ask the wind from the north to come only in winter?
Once there was a couple without any children . One day, the husband
It was so that people can prepare for it.
carved a doll. Miraculously, the doll came to life and began
6. What did the people do to honor the doll? to travel around the world. First, he went to the east. He thought that letting in
They started making dolls that looked just like him.
the wind would make the world livelier . So he opened a hole

in the sky wall and let a powerful gust blow in. He did the same on the other
sides of the world, letting in warm air, rain , and snow.

Find Evidence The people honored him by making dolls that looked just like him.

[7–8] Choose True or False. Doll-making became one of their traditions.

7. The world didn’t have wind before the doll opened the holes. True False
8. People in the village respected the doll. True False

Go to the passage and underline the evidence for your answer.

7. (lines 1-3) Long ago, ~ world was completely still.
56 8. (lines 25-26) To honor him, the people started making dolls that looked just like him. Lesson 8 • Wind 57
CHAPTER 3

Numbers 9 The History of

Numerals 10 The Curse of
the Ninth

ory Mu

t
His

sic
Numbers

ies
Soc

ud
Ma l
h

St
al

ia
St &

t
ud i
es Soci
A Day to Celebrate Player Numbers
12 Pi 11 in Sports

BIG IDEA
When do you need numbers?
 The History of
MBERS
NU

9
History Numerals
1

Background Link
Sumerian
Do you know when people started using numerals and what
earlier numerals looked like? Ancient people used various
kinds of number systems to count and record things. Read and 2
write the correct letter in each box.

a. They used lines and symbols like an upside-down letter U.

b. They used bars and dots to represent numbers.
c. They used symbols that look like the letter I and a triangle.
d. They used letters from the Latin alphabet.
Egyptian

Mayan

Key Words 18

numeral record prevent seal

ordinary complicated adopt standard Roman

Vocabulary Worksheet → p. 121

4. d 3. b 2. a Answers: 1. c

60 Lesson 9 • Numbers 61
 NUMBERS History

19
The History of
Numerals

images for numerals

in ancient Egypt

Other ancient cultures developed their own

numerals as well. Egyptians used different images for 15

different numerals. For example, a line meant one, while

a rope meant one hundred. Romans also made numerals
using their letters. But this system was difficult to use.
Let s Focus
For example, I was one, and V was five. Putting I to the
left of V meant four. Putting I to the right of V , on the 20
symbols for numbers 1 and
From clocks to price tags, numerals are other hand, meant six. Ordinary people had a hard time 5 in Roman numerals
everywhere around us. Today, we take these symbols with this complicated system.
for granted, but we didn’t always have them.
The numerals we use today were created in India
Number symbols were first used in Sumer around around 500 BC. Since they were easy to use, many
4000 BC. At first, Sumerians used clay tokens when 5
people, including Arabs, adopted them. These numerals 25

counting. If there were two chickens, for example, they were introduced to Europe by Arabs, so people called
could record this with two clay tokens. To prevent them “Arabic numerals.” Since then, they have become Arabic numerals
on a clock
any errors, they put the tokens in a clay pouch and the world standard.
sealed it. Later, they broke the pouch open to count
the tokens. This was inconvenient, though. So, they 10 Words 240

started marking a symbol for each number on the

outside of the pouch. This was the first time symbols
were used to represent numbers.
Lin to Sel
What would it be like if
there were no symbols for
numbers?
In Other Words pouch small bag inconvenient annoying mean represent introduce bring in
62 Lesson 9 • Numbers 63
 Reading Comprehension Graphic Organizer & Summary

1. What is the main idea of this passage? Step 1 Organize the information with the words from the box.
a. Indian numerals were brought to Europe by Arabs.
b. Number symbols greatly changed people’s way of life.
c. There have been many different number systems in history.
ancient times around 500 BC today
d. Ancient people had a hard time using number systems.
a b c
2. How did Sumerians record numerals at first?
a • Number symbols were first b The numerals we c Arabic numerals
a. They wrote symbols on tokens.
b. They put clay tokens in a pouch. used in Sumer. use today are the world
c. They had people memorize them. • In ancient Egypt, different images were created standard .
d. They used drawings of animals. were used as different numerals. in India. Arabs
• In ancient Rome, numerals were introduced
3. What were number symbols like in ancient Egypt?
made using Roman letters . They the numerals to
a. They looked like clay tokens.
were hard to use. Europe.
b. They were similar to Arabic numerals.
c. They were letters that were organized in a special way.
d. They were different kinds of images.

4. What is NOT true about ancient Roman numerals?

a. They used Roman letters as symbols for numbers.
Step 2 Complete the summary with the words from the box.
b. They were made by combining different letters.
c. The numerals for four and six used different letters.
d. They weren’t easy for normal people to use. Sumerians were the first to use symbols for numbers. To keep a(n)

5. Why did Sumerians place markings on the pouch?

record of numbers, they put clay tokens and sealed them in
It was inconvenient to break the pouch open . a clay pouch. Later, for more convenience , they started leaving some

marks on the outside of the pouch. This was a starting point

6. Why did Europeans call the numerals from India “Arabic numerals”?
The numerals were introduced to Europe by Arabs . for using symbols for numbers. Other ancient cultures, such as Egyptians

Find Evidence and Romans, developed their own numerals. The numerals we use today

7. What CANNOT be inferred from this passage? were created in India. They were introduced to Europe by Arabs, so they are
a. People haven’t always used symbols for numbers. called “Arabic numerals.”
b. Ancient number systems varied among different cultures.
c. Modern numerals are the most complicated to use.
d. Europeans interacted with Arabs a long time ago.
Go to the passage and underline the evidence for your answer.
7. (lines 24-25) Since they were easy to use, ~ adopted them.
64 Lesson 9 • Numbers 65
 The Curse of
MBERS
NU

10Music the Ninth

Background Link
Do you have a favorite number? Why do you prefer that
number to others? Some numbers are believed to bring
good luck. These beliefs are not usually logical, and they
vary from culture to culture. Let’s look at some examples
from around the world.
Four
In Germany, the number four means good luck.
Some western countries relate it to four-leaf clovers,
which are believed to bring good luck. However, in
some East Asian countries, it is unlucky because its
pronunciation is similar to the word for “death.”

Seven
Seven is favored worldwide, and many people
consider it lucky. It is familiar because some common
things come in sevens. For example, there are seven
days in a week and seven colors in the rainbow.

Eight
Eight is a lucky number, especially in China. This
Key Words 20 is because it sounds like the Chinese word for
“prosperity.” Car license plates including the number
curse victim anticipate blame
eight are sold at a high price.
previously devise affect coincidence
Vocabulary Worksheet → p. 122

66 Lesson 10 • Numbers 67
 NUMBERS Music

21
The Curse of the Ninth
Gustav Mahler was one composer who actually 15

feared the curse. His teacher, Josef Anton Bruckner, had

died while writing his ninth symphony. Mahler devised a
plan. After his eighth symphony, he composed a piece
that was just like a symphony. Cleverly, though, he did not
call it one. Later, he wrote a new symphony and officially 20

called this one his ninth. Of course, it was actually his

tenth. He thought he had beaten the curse. Not long Gustav Mahler
(1860–1911)
after, however, he died while writing another symphony.

Unlike these examples, there are also composers

who wrote more than nine symphonies. Joseph Haydn 25

wrote over 100. Mozart wrote more than 50. They

Let s Focus obviously weren’t affected by any curse. That leaves
people wondering if the curse is real or just coincidence.
In the world of classical music, there is a scary
Words 232
superstition. Many composers believe they will die
while or after writing their ninth symphony. This is
called “the curse of the ninth.”

Ludwig van Beethoven was seemingly the first 5

victim of the curse. After the success of his ninth

symphony, everyone was anticipating his next one.
Unfortunately, he died before completing it.

When Antonín Dvořák died, no one blamed the

curse because his last symphony, “From the New 10

Antonín Dvořák
World,” was known as his fifth. But, it was later
(1841–1904) discovered that Dvořák had previously written four
others. That meant his last symphony was actually his Lin to Sel
ninth. Are you the kind of
person who believes in
superstitions?
In Other Words discover find out fear feel afraid beat break obviously clearly
68 Lesson 10 • Numbers 69
 Reading Comprehension Graphic Organizer & Summary

1. What is the main idea of this passage? Step 1 Write each letter under the correct composer.
a. There is a superstitious belief among some composers.
b. People around the world believe strange superstitions.
c. Some musical pieces are thought to be cursed.
Beethoven Dvo řák Mahler
d. Composers avoid writing more than nine musical pieces.

2. What is NOT true about Beethoven? c, f b, d a, e

a. He is considered the first victim of the curse.
b. His ninth symphony was a great hit.
c. People looked forward to his next piece of music.
d. He died after finishing his tenth symphony. a. His teacher died while writing his ninth symphony.
b. People didn’t think he died because of the curse.
3. Why was Dvo řák considered safe from the curse?
c. He was considered the first victim of the curse.
a. He devised a plan to get away from it.
d. His last symphony was believed to be his fifth at first.
b. He published nine symphonies but stayed alive.
e. He wrote a piece just like a symphony, but didn’t call it one.
c. People believed he wrote fewer than nine symphonies.
d. He died after composing more than 50 symphonies. f. His ninth symphony was a big success, so everyone waited for his next one.

4. What was Mahler’s plan?

a. He burned the sheet music for the symphonies he wrote.
Step 2 Complete the summary with the words from the box.
b. He created many symphonies at the same time.
c. He hid some of his symphonies.
d. He pretended his ninth symphony was not a symphony. Some classical music composers believe in a superstition related to

5. What does “the curse of the ninth” mean?

symphonies. Beethoven was believed to be the curse’s first victim .
It means musicians will die while or after writing their ninth symphony. It also turned out that Dvořák died after his ninth symphony. Mahler
[after] [while]
feared the curse. He wrote a piece that was like a symphony,
6. Why do some people believe the curse is not real?
Some composers wrote more than nine symphonies . but he didn’t call it one. He later died after writing the symphony

Find Evidence which he officially named his ninth. However, there are also composers

7. What can be inferred from this passage? who didn’t die after writing nine symphonies, including Haydn and
a. Symphonies are the most popular genre in classical music. Mozart.
b. Beethoven tried to escape the curse.
c. Dvo řák didn’t release some of his music before he died.
d. Mahler’s case shows composers can actually beat the curse.
Go to the passage and underline the evidence for your answer.
7. (lines 11-13) But, it was later discovered ~ previously written four others.
70 Lesson 10 • Numbers 71
 Player Numbers
MBERS
NU

11
oc
ial Studie in Sports
S

s
a. There are six players on a team. b. On a rink, two teams try to
Players can score points by put a rubber puck into the
hitting a ball over the net and opponent’s net. Each team has
Background Link into the opponent’s court. six players.

Many sports are played with two opposing teams.

People often pick their favorite players and teams c. Each team is composed of nine d. The game is played on a
and root for them. Here are some examples of team players. If a player runs four field. To score a goal, players
sports. Read each set of rules and match it with the bases without being caught should shoot the ball into the
correct team sport. out, the team gets a point. opposing team’s goal.

1 3

2 4

i h s

Key Words 22

relationship display identify distinguish v b

assign order idol restriction
Vocabulary Worksheet → p. 123 4. volleyball – a 3. soccer – d 2. baseball – c Answers: 1. ice hockey – b

72 Lesson 11 • Numbers 73
 NUMBERS Social Studies

23
Player Numbers
in Sports Players today can pick almost any number they like.
Some players choose numbers with a special meaning.
15

Soccer player Bixente Lizarazu wore the number 69. He

was born in 1969, was 1.69 meters tall, and weighed 69
kilograms. Lizarazu said the number brought him good
luck. Thierry Henry wore the number 12 during the FIFA 20

World Cup in 2006. It was the same number worn by

Marco van Basten. He was one of the greatest strikers
and Henry’s idol.

However, there are still some restrictions on 25

player numbers. For example, players can’t use retired

numbers. These are numbers that teams stop using
Let s Focus to honor certain players after they retire. In basketball,
Michael Jordan’s number, 23, was retired by the Chicago
Can you guess the relationship between soccer Bulls. Similarly, the New York Yankees baseball team 30

star Lionel Messi and the number 10? The number retired Babe Ruth’s number, 3.
10 is Messi’s player number. These numbers are
Words 250
often displayed on the backs of players’ jerseys, along
with their last names. They are used in team sports 5

like basketball and soccer. The number helps people

identify and distinguish players.

Player numbers were first used in a rugby match

in Australia in 1897. They soon became popular in
other sports, too. In soccer, numbers between 1 and 10

11 were assigned according to a player’s position. The

goalkeeper wore the number 1. The forward farthest
away from his goalie wore the number 11. In baseball,
players’ numbers were decided by the batting order. Lin to Sel
the uniform of Lionel Messi Do you have a favorite
sports player? What is his
or her player number?
In Other Words along with as well as match game position role retire stop working
74 Lesson 11 • Numbers 75
 Reading Comprehension Graphic Organizer & Summary

1. What is this passage mainly about? Step 1 Organize the information with the words from the box.
a. how players choose their player numbers
b. how teams decide which numbers to retire
c. what player numbers are and how they are chosen
d. what player numbers are the most popular Purpose They help people to distinguish players in team sports.

History In 1897, they were first used in a rugby match in Australia.

2. What was NOT true about player numbers in the past?
a. Player numbers came from a rugby match. • In soccer, players were assigned numbers according to their
b. Baseball players were given numbers based on their batting order. Rules position .
c. A goalkeeper wore the number 1 in a soccer game.
• In baseball, player numbers showed the batting order.
d. Soccer players could select numbers between one and eleven.
• Players can freely pick their numbers.
3. Which is NOT a factor that led Bixente Lizarazu to choose the number 69?
Changes
• Sometimes players pick numbers with a special meaning .
a. his birth year b. his height c. his idol d. his weight
Exceptions Players are restricted from using retired numbers.
4. What is a retired number?
a. a number that teams stop using to honor a player
b. a number only worn by retired soccer players
c. a number for players who are still active
d. a number specifically worn by Michael Jordan
Step 2 Complete the summary with the words from the box.

5. Where are player numbers displayed?

Player numbers are displayed on the backs of jerseys, together with the
In sports, jerseys often display player numbers on the back. These
players’ last names .
numbers are used to identify players. In the past, numbers were
6. Why did Henry choose the number 12 during the FIFA World Cup in 2006? assigned using certain rules, like according to players’ positions. But players
It was the same number worn by Marco van Basten, Henry’s
today can select almost any number they like. Some pick numbers
idol .
with a(n) special meaning. Thierry Henry wore the number 12

because his idol , Marco van Basten, had worn it before. Still, some

Find Evidence player numbers cannot be used. Teams retire certain players’ numbers

[7–8] Choose True or False. to honor them when their career is over.
7. Player numbers were originally used to rank players. True False
8. The Chicago Bulls considered Michael Jordan a good player. True False

Go to the passage and underline the evidence for your answer.

7. (lines 10-14) In soccer, numbers ~ the batting order.
76 8. (lines 27-30) These are numbers ~ by the Chicago Bulls. Lesson 11 • Numbers 77
 MBERS
NU

12 A Day to Celebrate Pi Divide the distance around each circular object

by the distance across it with a calculator. Read
Mat

ies
& ud
Soci al St
h

the first three numbers. What is the result?

110 cm
Background Link
The value of pi (π) is the same for all circles. Let’s take 35 cm
a look at some examples around us.

When we divide the distance around a circle

by the distance across the circle, we always get
a number starting with 3.14. This is pi (π). 22 cm

7 cm
the distance around the circle
(circumference)

the distance across the circle

(diameter)

Key Words 24 267 cm

celebrate infinite ratio mathematician
calculate official spread memorize 85 cm

Vocabulary Worksheet → p. 124

78 Lesson 12 • Numbers 79
 NUMBERS Math & Social Studies

25
A Day to Celebrate Pi
The first Pi Day event was held in 1988
at a science museum in San Francisco.
March 14 was picked because pi starts 15

with the same numbers. During the event,

people marched in circles. They also ate
pie because the words pie and pi sound the
same. Since then, this celebration has spread
across the US and even around the world. 20

After the first Pi Day, people came up with more

interesting ways to celebrate. Nowadays, there are
pie-eating or pie-throwing contests. People also compete
to see who can memorize digits of pi. There are even
Let s Focus parades where people hold numbers showing the digits 25

of pi in order. Coincidentally, March 14 happens to be

March 14 is a special day. It’s Pi Day! It may when Albert Einstein was born. So, some people throw
sound like a day to celebrate pie, but it’s not. It’s him a birthday party, too!
actually a day for a unique number called pi (π).
Words 229

Pi is an infinite number that begins with 3.14.

It is defined as the ratio of a circle’s circumference 5

to its diameter. People in the past knew that such a

number might exist. However, Greek mathematician
Archimedes calculated pi to 99.9% accuracy 2,000
years ago. Later, in the 1700s, mathematicians
began using the Greek letter π for this number. When 10

Archimedes mathematician Leonard Euler started using it, it

(287–212 BC)
became official.

Lin to Sel
If you participated in Pi
Day events, what would
you like to do?
In Other Words define explain pick choose come up with invent digit number
80 Lesson 12 • Numbers 81
 Reading Comprehension Graphic Organizer & Summary

1. What is the main idea of this passage? Step 1 Complete the information with the words from the box.
a. People around the world have events for a unique number.
b. People still celebrate an ancient Greek holiday.
c. A mathematician found the number pi by accident.
d. Pi Day is made to honor Albert Einstein. a(n) infinite number that is defined as the ratio of a
Pi (π)
circle’s circumference to its diameter
2. What is NOT true about pi (π)?
Date March 14
a. Pi was first measured in the 1700s.
b. Pi is represented by a Greek letter. History started in 1988 at a(n) science museum in San Francisco
c. Pi was calculated by a famous mathematician.
d. Pi is an endless number. • pie-eating or pie-throwing contests
• competitions to memorize the digits of pi
3. When was the first Pi Day event held?
Activities
• parades showing the digits of pi
a. in ancient Greece b. around 1990
• Albert Einstein’s birthday party
c. around the 1700s d. when Einstein was born

4. What is NOT mentioned as something found in today’s Pi Day celebrations?

a. pie-throwing contests
b. contests to memorize digits of pi
c. parades where people hold pie
Step 2 Complete the summary with the words from the box.
d. a birthday party for a famous scientist

5. How is pi defined?
Pi Day, held on March 14, celebrates the number pi (π). Pi is a(n)
It is defined as the ratio of a circle’s circumference to its diameter .
endless number that starts with 3.14. Pi is the result of dividing the
6. Why did March 14 become Pi Day? distance around a circle by the distance across the circle. Pi was
It’s because pi starts with 3.14.
calculated by Archimedes. Later, mathematicians started using the Greek

letter π to represent the number. The first Pi Day was held in 1988.

Nowadays, the day is celebrated in interesting ways, such as by holding

Find Evidence parades and pie- throwing contests. Some people also throw a(n)

[7–8] Choose True or False. birthday party for Albert Einstein, who was born on March 14.
7. Pi can never be completely written out. True False
8. There are fewer Pi Day celebrations these days. True False

Go to the passage and underline the evidence for your answer.

7. (line 4) Pi is an infinite number that begins with 3.14.
82 8. (lines 21-22) After the first Pi Day, ~ ways to celebrate. Lesson 12 • Numbers 83
CHAPTER 4

The Solar 13 Our Solar System

and Its Planets 14 The Tradition of
Naming Planets

System
Soc
e ial
nc

St
Sci

udi
The Solar

es
System

ies
l S ce &
Soc
His al

tud
o
St r y & ie

i
t

n
ud Sc ia
ies Soc
The Voyager
16 Space Laws 15 Golden Records

BIG IDEA
How much do you know about our solar system?
 Our Solar System
LAR SYS
SO

13 TE
THE

Science M and Its Planets

Neptune

Background Link
Where are we in this enormous universe? Look at the
picture and describe the planet we live on and the
other planets around it. Then take the quiz on the The Sun
solar system!

Uranus
Mercury

Venus

Saturn
Earth
Jupiter

Mars

Asteroid Belt

1. The Sun is at the center of the solar system. True False

2. Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun. True False
Key Words 26
3. All planets have at least one moon. True False
universe planet orbit inner 4. All planets orbit the Sun at the same speed. True False
trap storm rotate quality
Vocabulary Worksheet → p. 125 4. F 3. F 2. T Answers: 1. T

86 Lesson 13 • The Solar System 87

 THE SOLAR SYSTEM Science

27
Our Solar System
and Its Planets
Let s Focus

Have you ever wondered where you are in The outer planets are Jupiter,
this huge universe? You already know you live on Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. They
the Great Red Spot of Jupiter
Earth. But Earth is just one of the many planets are bigger than the inner planets and
orbiting the Sun. mostly made of gas. Each has some differences.
Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system. 25
Besides Earth, there are seven other planets 5
On its surface, there is a huge storm called the
in the solar system. The planets can be divided Great Red Spot. Saturn is well-known for its rings
into two groups: the inner planets and the outer made of ice and rocks. Uranus is unique because
planets. The inner planets are closer to the Sun, it rotates on its side. The farthest planet from
while the outer planets are farther away from it. the Sun is Neptune, which is a deep blue color. 30

The inner planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, 10

Each planet in the solar system has its own
and Mars. They all have rocky surfaces, but they qualities. Aren’t they amazing?
are different in many respects. Mercury
is the smallest and closest to the Sun, Words 245

so it’s hot and dry. Venus is farther from

the Sun but hotter than Mercury. That’s 15

because its thick clouds trap the Sun’s

heat. Having plentiful water, breathable
the rocky surface of Mars
air, and the right temperature, Earth can
support life. Mars, the “Red Planet,” is
covered with reddish sand and rocks. 20

the Sun the inner planets the outer planets

Lin to Text
What are the differences
between the inner and
outer planets?
In Other Words huge enormous divide split respect aspect plentiful lots of
88 Lesson 13 • The Solar System 89
 Reading Comprehension Graphic Organizer & Summary

1. What is the main idea of this passage? Step 1 Write each letter in the appropriate space.
a. Planets orbit the Sun in different ways.
b. The solar system has been explored for many years.
c. Planets in the solar system have unique features.
The Inner Planets The Outer Planets
d. There are similarities between the inner and outer planets.

2. How are the planets divided into two groups?

Both
a. by their temperature b. by their distance from the Sun
b. by the amount of water they have d. by the way they rotate c, d, f, g a b, e, h

3. Why is Venus hotter than Mercury?

a. It doesn’t have air.
b. It is closer to the Sun.
c. Its surface is rocky.
a. They orbit the Sun. b. They are farther away from the Sun.
d. Its thick clouds absorb heat.
c. Mars is included in this group. d. One of them supports life.

4. What is NOT true about the outer planets? e. Neptune belongs to this group. f. They are closer to the Sun.
a. Neptune’s surface is a reddish color. g. They have rocky surfaces. h. They are mostly made of gas.
b. Saturn has rings made of ice and rocks.
c. Uranus rotates on its side.
d. Jupiter has a giant storm on its surface.
Step 2 Complete the summary with the words from the box.
5. Why is Mars called the “Red Planet”?
It is covered with reddish sand and rocks .
Our solar system includes the Sun in the middle along with planets
6. What are the common features of the outer planets? that orbit it. There are eight planets in our solar system. They can
They are bigger than the inner planets and mostly made of
be divided into the inner planets and the outer planets based on their
gas .
distance from the Sun. The inner planets are mostly rocky and

Find Evidence include Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. The outer planets are huge

7. What CANNOT be inferred from this passage? and made mostly of gas . They are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and
a. The planets in the solar system moves around the Sun. Neptune. Each planet is different, with its own unique qualities .
b. Not all planets have water.
c. The surfaces of the inner planets are solid.
d. The planet with the Great Red Spot is part of the inner planets.
Go to the passage and underline the evidence for your answer.
7. (lines 21-22) The outer planets are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
90 (lines 25-27) Jupiter is the largest ~ the Great Red Spot. Lesson 13 • The Solar System 91
 The Tradition of
LAR SYS
SO

14 TE
THE

M Naming Planets
oc
ial Studie
S

a b

Background Link
Do you know where the names of the planets came from?
Each planet was named after a Roman or Greek god who
matched its characteristics. Match the gods with the planets.
Jupiter Venus
He is the king of the gods. She is the goddess of
He can control the sky and beauty and love.
1. is red. It reminds
thunder.
people of fire.

2. shines brightly
and beautifully in the sky.
c d

3. moves quickly
across the sky.

4. is the largest Mars Mercury

planet in our solar system. He is the god of war. He is He is fast, so he can deliver
fierce and aggressive. messages very quickly.

Key Words 28

visible telescope astronomer suggest

traditional predict practice international
Vocabulary Worksheet → p. 126 4. a 3. d 2. b Answers: 1. c

92 Lesson 14 • The Solar System 93

 THE SOLAR SYSTEM Social Studies

29
The Tradition of
Naming Planets Some centuries later, Uranus was discovered.
This was after telescopes were invented. Astronomer
William Herschel found it in 1781. He wanted to name 15

it after King George III of Great Britain. However, another

astronomer, Johann Bode, suggested using the name of
Uranus, the Greek god of the sky. He wanted to follow
the traditional way of naming planets. Eventually, Bode’s
idea won. 20 a model of the telescope
Herschel used when he
discovered Uranus
In 1846, Neptune was first observed by two German
astronomers, Johann Galle and Heinrich d’Arrest.
However, a French mathematician, Urbain Le Verrier, had
predicted its location earlier. He wanted it to be named
Let s Focus after him. In the end, astronomers decided to continue 25

their naming practice. This blue planet was named after

The planets in our solar system have unusual and the Roman god of the sea.
interesting names. Have you wondered where their
Then how are newly found space objects named
names come from?
nowadays? The International Astronomical Union (IAU)
Since ancient times, people could see Mercury, has been handling this job since 1919. If you found a 30

Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. Those planets are 5 new planet, what name would you suggest?
visible to the naked eye. The Romans started naming the logo of IAU
Words 246
each planet based on its unique qualities. For example,
Jupiter is the largest planet. So, it was named after the
king of the Roman gods. Mercury, the fastest moving
planet, got its name from the Roman messenger god. 10

Later, these Roman names spread across Europe and

became standard names for the planets.

Jupiter and Mercury

Lin to Text
IAU General Assembly How did Uranus get its
name?
In Other Words based on according to spread expand nowadays these days handle deal with
94 Lesson 14 • The Solar System 95
 Reading Comprehension Graphic Organizer & Summary

1. What is the main idea of this passage? Step 1 Complete the information with the words from the box.
a. The naming practices for planets have changed over time.
b. Ancient people enjoyed discovering and naming planets.
c. Planets have traditionally been named after gods.
d. Planets have a lot in common with Roman gods. Before Telescopes After Telescopes

Discovered Mercury, Venus, Mars, Uranus, Neptune

2. How did the ancient Romans choose the planets’ names?
Planets Jupiter , Saturn
a. They named the planets after their kings.
b. They made an organization to choose the names. The ancient Romans named • Uranus was named after the
c. They named the planets based on their features.
them after their gods Greek god of the sky .
d. They asked their gods to give some ideas. How Planets
and goddesses based on each • Neptune was also named
Were
3. Which was a planet discovered after the invention of the telescope? planet’s unique features . according to the tradition .
Named
a. Mercury b. Jupiter c. Venus d. Uranus • Today, the IAU deals
with naming planets.
4. What is true according to this passage?
a. Jupiter was named after the Roman messenger god.
b. Ancient people could see all of the planets in the sky.
c. Le Verrier guessed Neptune’s location before it was observed.
d. The name for Neptune was chosen due to the planet’s size.
Step 2 Complete the summary with the words from the box.

5. Why was the name Uranus chosen for the planet Herschel found?
It was chosen because it followed the traditional way of naming
Most planets have the names of Roman or Greek gods and goddesses.
planets .
The ancient Romans could observe various planets and named them
6. What has the International Astronomical Union (IAU) done since 1919? based on qualities they shared with the gods. These names became
It has been handling the job of naming newly found space
standard scientific names. After telescopes were invented, Uranus and
objects.
Neptune were discovered. Unlike the people who found or predicted the

location of new planets, most astronomers decided to follow the traditional

Find Evidence
way of naming planets after gods. Today, the IAU handles the job of
[7–8] Choose True or False.
7. People have been observing the sky and space since ancient True False naming space objects.
times.
8. All astronomers welcomed the idea of naming planets after gods. True False

Go to the passage and underline the evidence for your answer.

7. (lines 4-6) Since ancient times, ~ visible to the naked eye.
96 8. (lines 14-16) Astronomer William Herschel found ~ of Great Britain. Lesson 14 • The Solar System 97
(lines 23-25) However, a French mathematician, ~ named after him.
 The Voyager
LAR SYS
SO

15 TE
THE

M Golden Records
Scie

dies
e tu
nc

& Social S
4 It will continue traveling
until 2025–2030.

Background Link
Voyager 1 and 2 are space probes launched to study
’91 ...
’89 ’90
the solar system by the National Aeronautics and ’88 ’89
’88
’87
Space Administration (NASA). Here is a timeline of ’86
’85
Voyager 1’s journey. ’84
’83
’82
1979
1978
1980 1981

2 3

Voyager 1 was launched on

September 5, 1977. Voyager 2 was
It succeeded in observing Jupiter. It also observed Saturn. Its camera
launched about two weeks earlier
It came very close to the planet, took pictures of the planet’s rings.
than Voyager 1.
so it sent photographs of the
giant storm in the Great Red Spot
Key Words 30
back to Earth.
launch explore mission store
academic transportation contain content
Vocabulary Worksheet → p. 127

98 Lesson 15 • The Solar System 99

 THE SOLAR SYSTEM Science & Social Studies

31
The Voyager Golden
Records
What is on the records? First, there are 115
diverse images. Some are academic images. 15

These include images of math problems, chemical

formulas, and photographs of our solar system.
There are also images showing humans and their An image of a woman
in a supermarket was
inventions. These show life in different cultures included in the records.
and various types of transportation. Some other 20

images show animals, plants, and landscapes.

Let s Focus Furthermore, the records contain sound

files. These include greetings in 55 languages.
In addition, sounds from nature, such as ocean
Numerous spacecraft have been launched to
surf, thunder, and birds, are also recorded on 25
explore space. Voyager 1 and 2 were sent to space
the discs. There is even a 90-minute section of
in 1977 on the same mission. Since then, they have
music. It contains classical music from great
been traveling around the universe and collecting
artists. These are Mozart and Beethoven, as well
data. However, they had another important mission— 5
as other music from around the world.
communicating with aliens.

Astronomer Carl Sagan selected the 30

Before launching the Voyager probes, NASA
contents of the Golden Records carefully. He said
thought they might encounter aliens in space. So,
that they were like a message in a bottle floating
a message introducing our world to
on a cosmic ocean. Hopefully, this bottle can
aliens was placed in the spacecraft. 10
reach other life forms in the universe someday. Carl Sagan (1934–1996)
The message was stored on discs, was an American
which were named the Golden astronomer.
NASA is a space agency in Words 237
the US. Records.

Lin to Sel
If you could select the
contents of the Golden
the cover of the Voyager
Golden Records Records, what would you
include?
In Other Words numerous many collect gather encounter meet cosmic universal
100 Lesson 15 • The Solar System 101
 Reading Comprehension Graphic Organizer & Summary

1. What is the main idea of this passage? Step 1 Complete the information with the words from the box.
a. Various attempts to find aliens have been made by NASA.
b. New technology was used to develop the Golden Records.
c. Information about our world was sent into space.
d. Voyager 1 and 2 were the most successful space missions. Definition discs on the Voyager probes containing a(n) message about Earth

Purpose to introduce Earth and to communicate with aliens

2. What is true about Voyager 1 and 2 ?
a. They were the first spacecraft sent into space. • images of academic matters, humans, and nature
b. They have been flying through space for less than 40 years. Contents • sound recordings such as greetings in 55 languages
c. Their only mission was to send records to aliens.
• sounds from nature and diverse styles of music
d. They have gathered data about space during their journeys.
Carl Sagan said this event was like launching a message in a bottle
3. Why did NASA place the Golden Records in Voyager 1 and 2 ? Quotation
into a(n) cosmic ocean.
a. to test sound in space
b. to introduce Earth to aliens
c. to learn more about aliens
d. to solve some math problems

4. What sound is NOT mentioned as being in the Golden Records?

a. greetings b. thunder c. transportation d. classical music
Step 2 Complete the summary with the words from the box.

5. What kinds of academic images do the Golden Records have?

They have images of math problems, chemical formulas, and photos of our
Voyagers 1 and 2 were sent into space in 1977. They were sent with the Golden
solar system .
Records in case the spacecraft encountered aliens. The Golden Records
6. How did Carl Sagan describe the Golden Records? contain academic information, people and their inventions , as well as
He said that they were like a(n) message in a bottle floating on a(n)
images of nature. The records also have sound files of greetings in 55 different
cosmic ocean.
languages , sounds from nature , and different types of music from

Find Evidence around the world. According to Carl Sagan, who selected these contents ,

7. What CANNOT be inferred from this passage? it was like a message in a bottle floating on a cosmic ocean. Perhaps one
a. People have been studying space for decades. day all this information will reach other life forms in the universe .
b. The Golden Records contain data about human culture.
c. The Golden Records include information only in English.
d. The contents for the Golden Records weren’t selected randomly.
Go to the passage and underline the evidence for your answer.
7. (line 23) These include greetings in 55 languages.
102 Lesson 15 • The Solar System 103
 LAR SYS
SO

16 TE
Space Laws
THE

M
Hist

dies
y On October 4, 1957, Sputnik 1,
or

& So ial Stu

c
the first artificial satellite, was
launched into space. This
marked the beginning of space
Background Link exploration.
Spacecraft have allowed us to
explore the world beyond our
planet. But despite people’s
interest in space exploration,
there are still some controversial
issues. What are some advantages
and disadvantages of space
exploration? Organize the Pros Cons
opinions into pros and cons.

a. It helps to develop better technology.

b. The cost of it is very expensive.
c. It can create space junk.
d. It can increase our knowledge about space.
e. It may allow us to find a new planet to live on.
Key Words 32 f. It is sometimes highly dangerous.

discuss establish prohibit occupy

colonize state responsible obtain
Cons – b, c, f Answers: Pros – a, d, e
Vocabulary Worksheet → p. 128

104 Lesson 16 • The Solar System 105

 THE SOLAR SYSTEM History & Social Studies

33
Space Laws
The Outer Space Treaty established a few main
principles for guiding activities in space. First, it prohibits 15

using space for military purposes. Putting any kind of

weapons into space, or testing them, is banned. Second,
it bars nations from occupying or colonizing any part
of space. They can explore space only for the benefit
of all nations and humankind. Lastly, it states that 20

each country is responsible for any damage its space

activities cause.

So far, it hasn’t been difficult to follow these rules.

Technology was not advanced enough for people to enter
outer space freely. Recently, however, some companies 25

Let s Focus announced plans to obtain mineral resources there.

Should this be against the law? Or should it be allowed?
Do you dream of exploring space? If so, you What if companies promise to use these resources for
should know about space laws before you go. the good of humans? The time has come to discuss
new issues concerning these space laws. 30
In the 1950s, the technology for exploring outer
space improved greatly. Countries competed to send Words 236

spacecraft and astronauts beyond Earth. Soon, people 5

started discussing the peaceful exploration and use of

outer space.

In 1959, the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of

Outer Space (COPUOS) was established by the United
Nations. The committee’s meetings led to the creation 10

of several international treaties on space law. The first

and most important was the Outer Space Treaty of
1967. Lin to Text
What are the main
principles of the Outer
Space Treaty of 1967?
In Other Words treaty agreement principle rule ban bar concerning about
106 Lesson 16 • The Solar System 107
 Reading Comprehension Graphic Organizer & Summary

1. What is this passage mainly about? Step 1 Complete the information with the words from the box.
a. damage human activities cause in outer space
b. change in space laws and their history
c. what space laws are and the problems they face today
d. the establishment of the committee on space exploration Problem Countries competed to send spacecraft into space.

2. Why did people start discussing laws for the use of outer space?
a. Some countries started fighting wars in outer space. Solution The Outer Space Treaty established a few space laws.
b. Several countries obtained minerals from outer space. Rule 1 It bans using space for military purposes.
c. The United Nations formed a committee to explore outer space.
d. Countries were competing to send their spacecraft to space. Rule 2 It bars nations from occupying or colonizing any part of space.

Rule 3 It states that each nation is responsible for any damage caused by
3. What was the purpose of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space?
its exploration of space.
a. to stop people exploring space
b. to discuss the colonization of space
Concerns The space laws don’t cover today’s issues fully.
c. to improve the technology on spaceships
d. to prevent problems caused by space exploration

4. Which is NOT banned by the Outer Space Treaty?

a. colonizing parts of space b. putting weapons in space
Step 2 Complete the summary with the words from the box.
c. finding new space objects d. testing weapons in space

5. In what case is exploring space allowed?

In the 1950s, space technology improved . People started thinking about
It is allowed only if it is for the benefit of all nations and humankind , not
for a specific country. [humankind] [nations] how to use space peacefully , and the Outer Space Treaty was signed in 1967.

The treaty established some principles for space activities. First, space
6. Why has it been easy to keep the Outer Space Treaty so far?
should not be used for military purposes. Next, the treaty bans countries
Technology was not advanced enough for people to enter
space freely. [good] from occupying or colonizing space. Third, countries have responsibility for
damages they occur in space. However, as technology develops, situations

Find Evidence not covered by the treaty appear. We need to discuss how to deal with these

[7–8] Choose True or False. new issues .

7. The Outer Space Treaty has one main principle. True False
8. The current laws are not clear enough for every situation. True False

Go to the passage and underline the evidence for your answer.

7. (lines 14-15) The Outer Space Treaty established a few main ~ in space.
108 8. (lines 25-30) Recently, however, some companies ~ these space laws. Lesson 16 • The Solar System 109
Supplementary Material
Vocabulary Worksheet
 FOOD

1
Sc i ence
What Do Plants Eat?
1. What do you think is the most important 2. What does your dog do when it is
thing we need to survive ? suspicious of someone?

[examples]

sample
I think sleep (is / are) most important
because our bodies can’t function without enough
. rest It barks at that person.
[growls]
3. Where can you conduct a survey for a 4. Have you done any kind of scientific
school project? sample observation ? What did you observe?
I can conduct a survey at a mall . sample (Yes / No). I observed ants for
[in a park] [chemical reactions]
my science project.

5. What would you do if you discovered a 6. What is a fabric that doesn’t absorb water
box full of treasure? called?

sample
I would buy an island with the treasure . It is called a(n) waterproof fabric.
[donate the treasure to a charity]
7. Your brother damaged the stem of your 8. When we breathe out, we release this gas
flower. Which is your flower? into the atmosphere. What is this gas?

a. b.

It is carbon dioxide [CO2] . 113

 FOOD FOOD

2 George Washington Carver oc

3 die
Leading the Fight against Food Waste

s
Histor y ial Stu

1. What is the name of the U.S. president 2. What are these people struggling to do? 1. Which picture shows a bowl belonging to 2. Which boy do you think feels a sense of
who freed the slaves ? starving people? achievement ?

a. b. a. b.

His name is (Abraham) Lincoln . They are struggling to climb a rock.

3. What is the name of the international 4. Do you regularly post pictures or updates
3. What is an expert in treating sick animals 4. There are 10 orange trees on this farm. You organization that works for world peace about yourself on SNS? Why or why not?
called? harvested 1500 oranges from them. What is and human rights? sample (Yes / No). I like to share them with my friends .
the average yield of oranges per tree?
It is the United Nations (UN) .

5. Which picture shows an Unidentified 6. What have you recently persuaded your
Flying Object (UFO)? parents to do for you?

The average yield of oranges per tree is a. b.

It’s a(n) veterinarian [vet] . 150 .

5. Which movie would you like to recommend 6. What do you do to enrich your life?
to your friends? sample I try to love others . sample
sample
I would like to recommend Star Wars . [learn new things every year]
I persuaded them to get me a pet dog .
I love science fiction movies
[take me to the new amusement park on my birthday]
7. Which is a more profitable way of making 8. You’ve invented something great. What will 7. Which do you prefer when it comes to 8. What was discarded on this beach?
and selling lemonade? happen if you don’t patent your invention? food, quality or quantity ?

a. b.

sample
sample I prefer quality because An empty plastic bottle was
Other people will make a lot of if I don’t patent it. it is healthier . discarded.
114 money with my invention 115
 FOOD WIND

Scie
4 The Case of Borneo 5 Why Does Wind Blow?
dies
e

tu
nc

& Social S Sc i ence

1. What kinds of chemicals does your family 2. How does concentrated lemon juice taste? 1. What are the parts of a fan that spin called? 2. How heavy were you when you were born?
use at home?

sample sample
We use dish soap . It tastes sour . They are called blades . I weighed about 3 kilograms.
[laundry detergent]
3. What animals do you think are the prey of 4. What do you think is the biggest threat to 3. A guest at a hotel is complaining about 4. You’re standing in a dense crowd. Where
frogs? sample the world’s oceans? the weak water pressure in the bathroom. are you?
I think flies are their prey. sample I think pollution is the biggest threat Which room is the guest in?
[insects, mosquitoes]
because it kills a lot of marine life . a. b. a. b.

5. Which of these places has a larger 6. Which looks more delicate to you?
population ?

a. rural areas b. urban areas a. ropes b. a spider web

5. Which duck is floating on the surface of 6. If you could have any special ability , what
the water? kind of ability would you want to have?

a. b.

7. Which of the two animals is a predator ? 8. What can you do to protect our ecosystem ?

sample
a. b. I would want to have the ability to
fly because I want to fly to school
.

7. Compare yourself with your best friend. In 8. What do you do when a serious problem
what ways is he/she the opposite of you? keeps occurring on your computer?

sample sample He/She is the opposite of me when it comes sample I ask my father for help because he .
knows about computers well
I can recycle plastic bottles . to music taste .
116 [turn off the light when I leave my house] [favorite foods] 117
 WIND WIND

Scie
6 Wind Farms Going Offshore 7 Mobiles: Art in Motion
dies
e

tu
nc

& Social S Art

1. What kinds of things in your house use 2. Which part of your body generates heat 1. What do you use to hang your clothes? 2. What tool is this sculptor using to shape
electricity ? while you work out? the stone?
[examples]
a. muscles b. bones

sample I usually use clothes hangers sample

My computer use(s) electricity. [hooks] He is using a(n) hammer and a chisel.
to hang my clothes.
[The lamps in my room]
3. Other than wind, what kind of renewable 4. This is the most plentiful substance in the 3. Which toy car is made of wire ? 4. The kids are playing with tin can phones.
energy sources do you know? human body. It makes up about 65 percent What are the cans connected by?
of the body’s total weight. What is it? a. b.

sample
I know solar energy . It is water . The cans are connected by a string .
[tidal energy]
5. Have you ever tried cooking something 6. What is the most beautiful landscape 5. What is attached to the fridge? 6. When giving a speech, what is a good way
and ruined it? What kind of food was it?
sample you’ve ever seen? sample to interact with your audience?
(Yes / No). I tried cooking ramyeon , but I It is the Rocky Mountains . [examples]
[Hanauma Bay in Hawaii]
ruined it because I poured too much.water eye contact gestures

7. Your best friend is late for school every 8. These are pictures of two office workers’
day. What could be a good solution to his/ desks. Who do you think is more productive ?
her problem?
a. Jake b. Charles
Notes are attached to it. Making eye contact could be effective.
[Sticky notes] [Using gestures, Starting with a joke]
7. What is one thing you can do to protect the 8. Have you recently seen a performance
environment ? sample that fascinated you? sample

sample I can try not to use disposable cups . (Yes / No). I saw Yuna Kim’s figure .
118Getting an alarm clock could be a solution. [try not to throw food away] skating performance 119
[Going to school with some friends]
 WIND MBERS
NU

8
Lit
erature
The Origin of the Winds 9
Histor y
The History of Numerals
1. If you were given a pumpkin for Halloween, 2. Have you ever miraculously avoided an 1. This is Eric’s password. How many 2. What is this person recording on the
what would you carve on it besides scary accident?
sample numerals does it have? sheet?
faces? (Yes / No). I was almost hit by a car in front of my school
.
I would carve a cat on it. [almost fell down the stairs in my apartment building]
[a castle, some bats]

3. Your friends are asking you to recommend 4. Which picture shows a gust of wind?
a lively song for a birthday party. What
song do you recommend?

a. b. It has three numerals. She is recording her schedule at work.

3. What should you do to prevent having a 4. How is this person sealing the boxes?

sample heart attack in the swimming pool?

I would recommend “ Happy ” by

Pharrell Williams .

5. You want to plant some flowers in your 6. You forgot to close the window, so the
garden, but the soil is not moist . Which rain swept into your room. Which picture
picture shows the soil in your garden? shows this?
sample The person is sealing the boxes with
a. b. a. b. I should do warm-up exercises . tape .
[avoid diving into the water]
5. Which of the two girls is wearing ordinary 6. Which of the two is a more complicated
clothing for school? maze?

a. b. a. b.

7. What would you do to prepare for a 8. When was the last time you felt satisfied ?
Christmas party?

[examples]

7. Do you tend to adopt new ideas easily or 8. What do you think is a good standard of
do you tend to reject them? sample success? sample
sample sample
I’d like to decorate a Christmas tree . I felt satisfied when I got an A on a math test I tend to adopt new ideas easily because I think wealth is a good standard
[buy gifts for my family] [being admired by many people]
because I had studied very hard for it . I love to try new things . of success.
120 121
 MBERS MBERS
NU NU

10 The Curse of the Ninth 11

oc
die
Player Numbers in Sports

s
M us i c ial Stu

1. In Frozen , Elsa thinks of her power as a 2. Have you ever been a victim of cyber- 1. What kind of relationship do they seem to 2. What is being displayed on the billboard
curse . What power does she have? bullying? Has anyone sent you texts or have? at this bus stop?
Internet messages that insulted you?

She has the power to create sample An advertisement for grape juice is
ice and snow. (Yes / No). I have gotten some bad comments . a. friends b. enemies being displayed.
on my blog about how I look
3. What do you anticipate the most about 4. Which picture shows two people blaming 3. What do you need to identify yourself at 4. Can you distinguish real noodles from a
winter? each other? the immigration desk in an airport? plastic food model? Which one shows the
real thing?

a. b. a. b.

sample
I anticipate the first snow the most. I need to show them my passport .
[going ice skating, Christmas]
5. This is the place where your family stayed 6. Who devised the three-point seat belt? 5. How do teachers assign numbers to 6. You’ve arranged some autumn leaves in
last summer. What do you think this students at your school? order of size. Which picture shows your
building was previously used as? leaves?

a. b.

sample
A Swedish inventor named Nils Bohlin They assign numbers to students according to
a. a school b. a castle devised it in 1959. students’ last names .
[height]
7. In which country do you think people are 8. Have you experienced any strange 7. Who is the most popular sports idol in your 8. Do your parents place any restrictions on
most affected by earthquakes? sample coincidence in your life? sample country? sample what you can do at home? sample
I think it is in China . (Yes / No). I once wore the same shirt as my best .friend I think Heung-min Son is the most popular (Yes / No). My parents don’t allow me to
122 (because it has the largest number of people) [Ji-sung Park] 123
sports idol. stay up past 11 o’clock
.
[eat junk food before dinner]
 NU
MBERS LAR SYS
SO

12 A Day to Celebrate Pi 13 Our Solar System and Its Planets

TE
THE

M
Mat

ies
&

ud
St
h

Social Sc i ence

1. What do you usually do to celebrate your 2. The word “infinite ” means limitless or 1. What do you want to know about the 2. Do you know the names of all the planets
birthday? endless. Which symbol do you think is universe ? sample in our solar system? Name them in order
used to express the word infinite ? I want to know when the universe was first created
. of distance from the Sun.
[how many stars there are in the universe] (Yes / No). They are Mercury, Venus,.
a. b.
Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune

3. This is a machine that people send into 4. Which one is the inner ear?
space. It orbits Earth and sends information
back to us. What is this machine?
sample
I have a birthday party with my friends.
[go out to eat at a fancy restaurant with my family]
a
3. The ratio of girls to boys in this group is 4. Which of the two do you think is a
2:1. Which picture shows the right group? mathematician ?
b

a. b. a. b. It is a(n) satellite .

5. Some plants trap insects, and then eat 6. Has anyone you know had their house or
them. Find the name of one of these plants. car damaged in a storm ?

5. Can you calculate the total price of the 6. What are the official languages of Canada?
meal? What is it?
sample
sample (Yes / No). My friend Tom had his/her/their
1 X Chicken Salad $15.50 The tropical pitcher plant is one of these plants. father’s car damaged in a storm.
1 X Cheese Burger $ 9.50 [Venus flytrap]
1 X French Fries $ 4.50
7. How long does it take for Saturn to rotate 8. Which do you think has the qualities of a
on its axis? good leader?

The total price is 29 dollars The official languages of Canada are

and 50 cents. English and French . a. b.

7. What do you think is important to keep 8. How many English words can you
diseases from spreading ? sample memorize in a day?
I think washing our hands often is important. I can memorize about 20 words in a day.
124 It takes about 11 hours. 125
 LAR SYS LAR SYS
SO SO

14 The Tradition of Naming Planets 15 The Voyager Golden Records

TE

TE
THE

THE
M

M
Scie

dies
oc e

tu
nc
die & Social S
S

s
ial Stu

1. You’re going to ride your bike in the 2. What is the name of the biggest telescope 1. Have you ever watched a space shuttle 2. If you had the chance to explore any part
evening. What will you wear to make in the world? launch on TV or on the Internet? of the world, where would you explore?
yourself more visible to drivers?

sample sample
sample (Yes / No). I saw the launch of when I was I would explore the North Pole
Space Shuttle Discovery in a movie
I will wear a jacket that glows in the dark . It is the Gran Telescopio Canarias . 9 years old. because I want to see polar bears .
[brightly-colored clothes]
3. Mr. Johnson is an astronomer . Which one 4. Your friend Jimmy wants to be a writer. 3. Which picture shows police officers on a 4. How many photos are stored in your
is Mr. Johnson? What would you suggest he do to achieve mission ? phone?
his goal?

a. b. a. b.

sample
sample About 5000 photos are stored
I would suggest he read as many books. in my phone.
as possible first
5. Which picture shows the traditional 6. This is tomorrow’s weather report. Can you 5. What academic field would you like to 6. What kind of transportation do you use
clothes of a country? predict the weather in London? study in college? sample when you go from your home to the
I’d like to study medicine because airport? sample
a. b.
I want to be a doctor . I take the bus because it is cheaper .

7. What does this jar contain ? 8. What are the contents of this refrigerator?

I think it will be 21 degree

and rainy .

7. What practices do people in your country 8. What international sports event have you
take part in on New Year’s Day? sample watched
sample before? When did you watch it?
We take part in traditional games . I watched the World Cup final last year .
126 [a bowing ceremony]
It contains various colored jelly beans . They are fruits, vegetables, juice, . 127
milk, and eggs
 LAR SYS
SO

16 Space Laws
TE
THE
Vocabulary List
M
Hist

s
die
y
or

tu
& So ial S
c

1. What have you recently discussed with 2. What is the name of the organization in
Lesson 1 Lesson 4 Lesson 7
your parents? America which was established for space
exploration? survive chemical hang
suspicious concentrated sculptor
conduct prey wire
observation threat connect
discover population attach
absorb delicate interact
sample
stem predator environment
I discussed my grades with them. It is NASA(National Aeronautics and .
[problems with my close friend] Space Administration) release ecosystem fascinate

3. There is a sign at the entrance to the 4. Which occupies more space in a room?
museum. What is prohibited according to
the sign? Lesson 2 Lesson 5 Lesson 8
slave spin carve
struggle heavy miraculously
expert pressure lively
yield dense gust
recommend surface moist
Taking photos is prohibited. a. a chair b. a bed enrich ability sweep
profitable opposite prepare
5. Which country was not colonized by the 6. It states on the homepage that the site is patent occur satisfied
UK? under construction. What does it mean?

a. India b. Russia
Lesson 3 Lesson 6 Lesson 9
starve electricity numeral
achievement generate record
organization renewable prevent
a. You can use the website. post plentiful seal
b. You cannot use the website. unidentified ruin ordinary
persuade landscape complicated
7. What are you usually responsible for in a 8. How do you obtain information about your
quantity solution adopt
team project? sample favorite singer/pop group? sample
discard productive standard
I am usually responsible for researching the topic. I obtain information about them by
128 [writing the final report] 129
following their SNSs.
 Vocabulary List
MEMO
Lesson 10 Lesson 13 Lesson 16
curse universe discuss
victim planet establish
anticipate orbit prohibit
blame inner occupy
previously trap colonize
devise storm state
affect rotate responsible
coincidence quality obtain

Lesson 11 Lesson 14
relationship visible
display telescope
identify astronomer
distinguish auggest
assign traditional
order predict
idol practice
restriction international

Lesson 12 Lesson 15
celebrate launch
infinite explore
ratio mission
mathematician store
calculate academic
official transportation
spread contain
memorize content

130
MEMO