CDU UNIT

Chemistry Informal Diagnostics

Grade Level: 9
Stream: ADV
The year 2023/2024
 9ADV
4.1 – Periodic table of elements

4.1.1 Recall the names and symbols of common elements and their corresponding atomic
numbers, the first 20 elements.

4.1.2 Recognize the organization of elements in periods and groups on the periodic table.

1. A vertical column in the periodic table is known as

A. group
B. row
C. line
D. circle

2. Use the below periodic table and answer the following questions.

An element that belongs to Group 10 ------------------ Q

An element that belongs to Group 1 _________________ S or T

An element that belongs to Period 4 _________________ S, U, R, Q or Y

 An element in Period 3 and Group 16 _________________
Z
An element in Period 2 and Group 18 ------------------- W

3. Describe the basic organizational feature of the periodic table of the elements.

Similarities in physical and chemical properties organize the periodic table of the elements. The
patterns of similar properties repeat from period to period
4.1.3-Classify elements into metals, nonmetals, and metalloids based on their properties and position in
the periodic table.
7. Which of the following is a metalloid?
A. Al
B. Si
C. Na
D. Hg

Use the periodic table and answer the questions 7 and 8

4. Which region of the periodic table contains metals?

A. M ,N and P
B. N and O
C. O, and P
D. P only

5. Which of the above regions contain nonmetals and metalloid elements?

A. M

B. N

C. O

D. P
6. Identify each of the following as a metal, a nonmetal, or a metalloid.

Element Metal/Nonmetal/metalloid
oxygen Nonmetal
Barium metal
Germanium metalloid
Iron metal

4.1.4-Categorize elements into metals and nonmetals based on their physical and chemical
characteristics by a guided inquiry.
7. Most of the elements in groups 16 through 18 are classified as

A. metalloids
B. Nonmetals
C. transition metals
D. metals
8. Describe the general characteristics of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.

Metals are generally solids (except mercury which is a liquid at room temperature), shiny, ductile,
malleable, and good conductors of heat and electricity. Nonmetals are gases, solids, or liquids
(bromine) that are dull, brittle, and poor conductors of heat and electricity.
Metalloids have physical properties of both metals and nonmetals.

9. Xenon, a nonreactive gas used in strobe lights, is a poor conductor of heat and electricity. Would
you expect xenon to be a metal, a nonmetal, or a metalloid? Where would you expect it to be on the
periodic table? Explain.
Nonmetal; the nonreactive gases are noble gases in group 18 on the right of the periodic table;
10.4.1.5- Predict the properties of an element based on its position in the periodic table
14. Identify the following elements based on their position on the periodic table.
period 5, group 9. rhodium or Rh
period 7, group 14. flerovium or Fl
period 1, group 1. hydrogen or H
period 4, group 8. Iron or Fe
period 6, group 11. gold or Au

11. For each of the given elements, list two other elements with similar chemical properties.
a. iodine (I). ; Fluorine, Bromine (any other group 17 element )
b. barium (Ba) ;Calcium, Magnesium (any other group 2 element)
12. Give the chemical symbol for each element.
a. the element in period 3 that can be used in making computer chips because it is a metalloid
Si
b. the group 13, period 5 metal used in making flat screens for televisions
In
4.1.6-Analyze patterns in the periodic table to predict the reactivity and chemical behavior of
elements
Fill in the blanks

13. Metal reactivity decreases from left to right across periods and increases down groups.

14. Nonmetal reactivity increases from left to right and decreases down groups.
15. Which is the most reactive nonmetal?
A. Nitrogen
B. Chlorine
C. Fluorine
D. Bromine

16. Which is the most reactive metal

A. Calcium
 B. Sodium
C. Rubidium
D. Cesium
17. Which property of an element can be predicted based on its position in the periodic table?
A. Atomic mass
B. Atomic number
C. Chemical reactivity
D. Radioactivity
18. Which of the following elements will likely have similar chemical properties to dluorine?
A. Chlorine
B. Neon
C. Sodium
D. Magnesium

4.2-Quantum Theory and the Atom

4.2.1-Explain the principal energy levels and subshells in Bohr's model and their corresponding
quantum numbers.
19. In Bohr’s model of the atom, he proposed that electrons existed in orbits around the
nucleus. Each orbit was assigned a --------------to indicate its energy level.
A. quantum number
B. electron configuration
C. spin
D. s orbital
20. According to the quantum mechanical model of the atom, an orbital represents:
A. a position where an electron probably is
B. a position an electron must be
C. the point where an electron cannot be.
D. a surface beyond which electrons cannot go
21. What does n represent in the quantum mechanical model of the atom?
n represents an orbital’s principal quantum number, which indicates the relative size
and energy of the orbital
22. Compare and contrast Bohr’s model and the quantum mechanical model.
Both models limit an electron’s energy to certain values. Unlike the Bohr model, the quantum
mechanical model does not attempt to describe the electron’s path around the nucleus.
23 . Explain the relationship between energy levels and sublevels.
The number of energy sublevels in a principal energy level increases as n increases.
4.2.2- Understand the concept of an electron configuration diagram and its purpose in
representing the position of electrons in an atom's energy levels.
4.2.5 Differentiate between the shorthand notation and the diagrammatic representation of
electron configurations, using the correct format for writing the electron distribution.
4.2.6- Demonstrate the ability to draw accurate electron configuration diagrams for the first 20
elements on the periodic table
4.2.7-Explain the significance of electron configurations in determining an element's position on the
periodic table, including the number of shells and the number of electrons in the outermost shell.

24. Which element is represented by the electron configuration 2,8,8,2?

A. Boron
B. Calcium
C. Oxygen
D. Sodium

25. Which group is composed entirely of nonmetals?

A. 13

B. 14

C. 15

D. 18
26. Which of the following is the configuration magnesium atom?
A. 2,10
B. 2,8,2
C. 2,3,7
D. 2,8,8,8

Fill in the blanks

27 It’s important to remember that an atomic model is a simplified version of an atom.

28. A Bohr diagram is a diagram that shows how many electrons are in each shell surrounding the
nucleus. Each shell was given a number called quantum number

29. The electrons have more energy as they orbit further from the nucleus.

30. Write the element’s symbol with the mass number at the TOP left and the atomic number at the
BOTTOM

31. Write the number of protons (p + ) and neutrons (n 0 ) in the nucleus.

32. The number of electrons is equal to the number of protons in the neutral atom.

33. Fill the first energy levels with the first 2 electrons.

34. Write the electron configuration of the sodium atom.

2,8,1

35. In the diagram below, identify the elements by the Bohr model diagrams are shown. Write the
symbols of the elements in the spaces provided.

36. For the following Bohr diagraFor the following Bohr diagrams, answer the following questions:
36. For the following Bohr diagrams, answer the following questions:

4.2.3-Identify the key components of the Bohr model of the atom, including energy levels (shells),
electrons, and the nucleus.
37. What is the key idea of the Bohr Model?
(A) explained that there was a nucleus
(B) explained that atoms are hard to see with the naked eye
(C) that an atom was like a raisin bean bun
(D) there are electrons inside the atom that orbit the nucleus

38. How many electrons max. are allowed in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd shell in a Bohr Diagram?
(A) 1st: 2 2nd: 4 3rd: 4
(B) 1st: 2 2nd: 5 3rd: 7
(C) 1st: 3 2nd: 9 3rd: 9
(D) 1st: 2 2nd: 8 3rd: 8

39. In the atomic model of potassium below, which letter represents a valence electron?

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
40. Which of the following would be the electron condiguration for a dluorine atom?
(A) 2,6
(B) 2,7
(C) 2,6,1
(C) 2,5,2

41. Argon has 18 protons and 18 electrons. The electrons dill the energy levels in Argon like this:
(A) 2 in the dirst, 10 in the second, and 6 in the third
(B) 4 in the dirst, 8 in the second, and 6 in the third
(C) 2 in the dirst, 12 in the second, and 4 in the third
(D) 2 in the dirst, 8 in the second, and 8 in the third

42. What is/are the circular paths around the nucleus where electrons move in the Bohr model
called?
A. Neutron paths
B. Proton paths
C. Rings
D. Shells or energy levels
43. Briefly discuss the concept of energy levels (shells) in the Bohr model and their significance in
understanding the arrangement of electrons in an atom
Energy levels (shells) in the Bohr model represent the specific orbits around the nucleus where
electrons can exist. Electrons in higher energy levels are farther from the nucleus, and each energy
level can hold a specific number of electrons
44. Describe the role of the nucleus in the Bohr model.
The nucleus is the central, positively charged core of an atom in the Bohr model. It contains
protons and neutrons
45. Write the electron configuration of the following elements

Element Configuration
Oxygen 2,6
Sulfur 2,8,6
Potassium 2,8,8,1

4.2.4 Apply the rules of the Bohr model to determine the maximum number of electrons that can occupy
each energy level.

46. How many electrons can fit in the energy level n?

A. n2
B. n
C. 2n2
D. 4n2

47. What is the maximum number of electrons that the fourth energy level can hold?
A. 8
B. 16
C. 18
D. 32

48. What is the maximum theoretical number of electrons related to the fifth principal energy level
of an atom?
A. 10
B. 20
C. 32
D. 50
49.
50. Refer to the Bohr model chart ABOVE/ Periodic Table to help you complete the following table.

Some answers are provided for you. (Hint: Remember that the maximum number of electrons in the first
three shells is 2, 8, and 8.)

51. The following diagram is a Bohr diagram of one element from the periodic table. To which
group and period does this element belong?

(A) Period 1 Group 4

(B) Period 2 Group 4
(C) Period 3 Group 1
(D) Period 5 group 3

Consider this diagram and answer the questions 52-55

52. Which atom does this represent?

(A) Argon
(B) Lithium
(C) neon
(D) sodium

53 How many energy shells does this atom have?

(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
54. What period on the periodic table would this atom be found?
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4

55. What group on the periodic table would this atom be found?
A) 10
(B) 12
(C) 13
(D) 18

Use a (√) to indicate which of the following is true about the quantum number, n, according to
Bohr’s model.

As n increases, the orbital becomes smaller

It specifies the atom’s major energy level √
The lowest principal energy level is n=0
It indicates the relative size and energy of atomic orbitals √

4.3 Simple chemical formulas between metals & non-metals

4.3.1-Explore the meaning of valence electrons in the outermost energy level for common metals
and non-metals

56. What are valence electrons?

A. Electrons in the innermost energy level

B. Electrons in the outermost energy level
C. Electrons in the nucleus
D. Protons in the outer shell

57. What is the pattern between the number of electron shells and the period number of the
periodic table?
The period number is equal to the number of electron shells
For example- All elements in period 3 have 3 electron shells
58. Explain how an atom’s valence electron configuration determines its place on the periodic
table.
Elements in a given column have the same number of valence electrons. The energy level of an
atom’s valence electrons determines its period

59. How does the number of valence electrons relate to the group number of an element in the
periodic table?
A. It is equal to the group number
B. It is half of the group number
C. It is unrelated to the group number
D. It is twice the group number

60. Elements in the same group have the same

A. atomic radius.
B. energy level of outer electrons.
C. number of valence electrons.
D. nuclear charge.

61. Why do elements within a group have similar chemical properties?

Because they have the same valence electron configuration

62. Do the atoms of Na and Mg have the same number of valence electrons?
No, the Na atom has 1 valence electron while the Mg atom has 2 valence electrons

63. Dedine valence electrons and explain their importance in the chemical behavior of an atom.
Valence electrons are electrons in the outermost energy level. They determine an atom's
reactivity

64. For a metal, describe the location of its valence electrons and how this indluences its reactivity.
Valence electrons in metals are located in the outermost energy level.
 Their presence contributes to the metal's tendency to lose electrons and form positive
ions, indluencing reactivity
65. Explain the relationship between the number of valence electrons and the group number of an
element in the periodic table. Provide examples.
The number of valence electrons corresponds to the group number in the periodic table. For
example, elements in Group 1 have one valence electron, and elements in Group 17 have seven
valence electrons

4.3.2-Explain how the transfer of electrons between metals and non-metals occurs to form ionic
compounds

66. Metals tend to __________ electrons and nonmetals tend to __________ electrons.
A. gain, gain
B. lose, lose
C. lose, gain
D. gain, gain
67. In the formation of ionic compounds, what generally happens to electrons?
A. They are shared
B. They are transferred
C. They are destroyed
D. They remain stationary

68. Which type of elements typically donate electrons to form positive ions in ionic compounds?
A. Metals
B. Non-metals
C. Metalloids
D. Noble gases

69. What force holds the oppositely charged ions together in an ionic compound?
a. Covalent bonding
 b. Van der Waals forces
c. Ionic bonding
d. Metallic bonding

4.3.3 Analyze the electron configurations of metals and non-metals to understand their tendency
to lose or gain electrons in chemical reactions.

The electron configuration of element M is 2,8,2 and N is 2,8,6

70. M is a __________, and N is a _________.

A. metal metal
B. metal non-metal
C. non-metal metal
D. non-metal non-metal

71. Which of the following electron configurations corresponds to non-metal?

I. 2,8,6
II. 2,8,2
III. 2,8,8

A. I only
B. II only
C. III only
D. I and III only
72. Use the figure below to answer questions a – e.

a) Wht type of bond will be formed between sodium and chloride ion?
Ionic bond
b) Explain how the above elements will combine to form a bond?
X will lose 1 electron and Y will gain 1 electron.
c) Which element can form a cation?
X
d) Which element will form an anion?
Y
e) Deduce the chemical formula of the ionic compound formed between X and Y.
XY

73. Consider the atomic numbers below. Which atomic number represents an atom with 3 valence
electrons?
(A) 3
(B) 5
(C) 8
(D) 16

73. Which of the following elements is likely to have an electron condiguration that involves
gaining electrons in chemical reactions?
a. Sodium (Na)
b. Chlorine (Cl)
c. Aluminum (Al)
d. Calcium (Ca)
74. What is the general trend in electron condiguration for non-metals?
a. They gain electrons to achieve stability
b. They have full outer electron shells
c. They lose electrons to achieve stability
d. They share electrons with other elements
Consider the diagram below for the three different atoms M, R, and Q to answer questions 18
and19
The electron configuration of M is 2,8,7; R is 2,8 and 5 and Q is 2,8,2

75. Which of the atoms (M, R, or Q) can form a positive ion? Explain your answer.

Atom Q,
It tends to lose 2 valence electrons to be stable like the nearest noble gas

76. Identify the atoms (M, R or Q) that can form a negative ion. Explain your answer.

Atoms M and R
Any of the species tend to gain electrons to be stable like the nearest noble gas.

4.3.4 Write formulas for simple ionic compounds using the charges of the ions and the principle of
electrical neutrality
4.3.5 Design and predict the chemical formulas of simple ionic compounds formed between metals
and non-metals using their respective charges and valence electrons (Examples: NaCl, MgBr2, CaO,
Al2O3)
77 What are the two different ions present in the compound AlP

A. Al3+, P3-
B. Al+,P2-
C. Al3+, P-
D. Al2+, P3-
78. Which substance is an ionic compound?
A. SrI2
B. N2O4
C. He
 D. CCl4
79. Name the compound CaCl2
A. Calcium chloride
B. Carbon Chlorine
C. Chlorine calcium
D. Calcium carbide

80. Calcium bromide is the product of calcium and bromide ions. What is the formula
for calcium bromide?
A. CaBr
B. CaBr2
C. Ca2Br
D. Ca2Br2
81. Write the name and formula of the ionic compounds.

NaCl, sodium chloride sodium oxide Na2O

KBr, potassium bromide cadmium sulfide CdS

CaI2, calcium iodide magnesium nitride. Mg3N2

CsF, cesium fluoride calcium phosphide. Ca3P2

LiCl, lithium chloride aluminum oxide Al2O3

82. Explain why sodium oxide is a neutral compound.

The total positive charge of the Na cations in the compound equals the total negative charge of the
oxide anions in the compound

4.3.4 Investigate the role of electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in forming ionic

compounds in terms of melting point and physical properties.

83. How does the strength of electrostatic attraction between ions in an ionic compound relate to
 its melting point?
a. Higher electrostatic attraction, higher melting point
b. Lower electrostatic attraction, higher melting point
c. Higher electrostatic attraction, lower melting point
d. No correlation between electrostatic attraction and melting point
84. Which physical property is often associated with ionic compounds due to their strong
electrostatic forces?
a. Low electrical conductivity
\b. Low solubility in water
c. High melting and boiling points
d. Low hardness

85. Which of the following statements is true regarding the physical properties of ionic
compounds?
a. They have low melting points and are poor conductors of electricity
b. They have high melting points and are good conductors of electricity
c. They have low melting points and are good conductors of electricity
d. They have high melting points and are poor conductors of electricity

86. Which of the following statements correctly describes (s) an ionic bond?

I. Involves metals and non-metals

II. Results from sharing electrons between the bonded atoms
III.Atoms bonded by ionic bonds attain the noble gas conAiguration of the nearest noble gas

A. I only
B. I and II only
C. I and III only
D. I, II, and III
87. Ahmed is testing the conductivity of ionic compound X using the equipment below. What
would Ahmed see in both a and b when he turns the switch on? Explain your answer.
In a, nothing will happen and so Ahmed will not see any change when the switch is turned on.
In b, the light bulb will turn on when the switch is turned on. X is an ionic compound; it does not
conduct electricity when solid because the ions are fixed in place and cannot move. However, it
conducts electricity when dissolved and made into a solution because the ions become free to
move
88. List the physical properties of ionic compounds
1. High melting point and boiling point

2. Poor conductor of electricity when solid

3. Good conductor of electricity when molten or dissolved

4. Soluble in water

5.1– Ionic vs Covalent Bonding; Ionic Compounds & Metals

5.1.3-Differentiate, using examples, empirical, molecular, and structural formulas

89. Which type of formula represents the simplest ratio of elements in a compound?
a. Molecular formula
b. Empirical formula
c. Structural formula
d. Isomeric formula
 90. What type of formula provides information about the actual number and types of atoms in a
molecule?
a. Empirical formula
b. Molecular formula
c. Structural formula
d. Condensed formula
91. In the empirical formula for glucose (C6H12O6), what is the simplest ratio of carbon (C),
hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) atoms?
a. 1:2:1
b. 2:1:1
c. 1:1:1
d. 3:2:1
92. Which type of formula uses lines to represent chemical bonds and shows the arrangement of
atoms in a molecule?
a. Molecular formula
b. Empirical formula
c. Structural formula
d. Condensed formula

93. If the molecular formula of a compound is C4H8, what is its empirical formula?
a. CH2
b. C2H4
c. CH
d. C4H8

94. How do you distinguish between empirical molecular, and structural formulas of C2H6, CH4 ?
 Molecular formula Empirical Structural Formula
Formula

C2H6 CH3

CH4 CH4

5.1.4-Recognize and understand, using different examples, the differences between ball‐and‐stick models
and space‐filling models

95. How do you distinguish the differences between ball‐and‐stick models and space‐filling models

5.1.5-Differentiate, using examples, between atomic and molecular elements, ( Ca vs H2), and ionic and
molecular compounds (Ex: NaCl vs H2O)

96. Classify each compound as ionic or molecular.

a. CO2 - Molecular compound

b. NiCl2 Ionic compound

c. NaI Ionic compound

d. PCl3. Molecular compound

97. Classify each element as atomic or molecular.

Ne; Neon- atomic element
F2; Fluorine- molecular element
K; Potassium- atomic element
N2; Nitrogen- molecular element

5.1.6-Explain the formation of metallic bonds through the "Sea Of Electrons" Model

98. A metallic bond is the attraction between the _________.

A. nucleus of the atom to its electrons

B. metal anion and the delocalized electrons

C. metal cation with the delocalized electrons

D. metal cation with the metal anions

99. Which of the following is/are the physical property(ies) of metals?
I. Ductile
II. Malleable
III. Good conductors of heat
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and II only
D. I, II and III

100. Explain the concept of the "Sea of Electrons" model in the formation of metallic bonds.

The "Sea of Electrons" model describes metallic bonding as the result of a mobile,
delocalized electron cloud surrounding metal cations in a crystal lattice.
101. Use bonding in metals to explain the following properties.
a) Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.
Metals contain freely moving electrons that conduct electricity.
b) Metals are malleable and ductile.
When a metal is subjected to pressure, the metal cations slide past one another without
breaking the metallic bond.
102. A student carries out a test to find the melting points of a range of substances. Their results
were:
Which substance is most likely to be a metal and why?

Substance D

Metals have high melting points and substance D has a significantly higher melting point than the
other substances tested.

103 Explain bonding in a piece of aluminum.

Each aluminum atom loses 3 electrons to form the ion Al 3+. The electrons move freely between the
layers of the positive ions. The forces of attraction between the free electrons and the positively
charged metal ions form the metallic bond.