IMPORTANT QUESTIONS

Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Current

1 A plot of magnetic flux (ϕ ) versus current (I) is shown in the figure for two inductors A and B. Which of the
two has larger value of self inductance? (Delhi 2010)

Answer:
Since ϕ = LI
∴ L = ϕI = slope
Slope of A is greater than slope of B
∴ Inductor A has larger value of self inductance than inductor B.
2 Predict the polarity of the capacitor when the two magnets are quickly moved in the directions marked by
arrows.

Answer:
Current in the coil will be anti-clockwise, when seen from the left, therefore plate A will become + ve
(positive) and plate B will be negative

3 Predict the directions of induced currents in metal rings 1 and 2 lying in the same plane where current I in the
wire is increasing steadily.

Answer:
In metal ring 1, the induced current flows in the clockwise direction.
In metal ring 2, the induced current flows in the anticlockwise direction.
4 Predict the direction of induced current in a metal ring when the ring is moved towards a conductor is
carrying current I in the direction shown in the figure.

Answer:
Clockwise direction.
5 A bar magnet is moved in the direction indicated by the arrow between two coils PQ and CD. Predict the
directions of induced current in each coil. (All India 2012)

Answer:
By Lenz’s law, the ends of both the coils closer to the magnet behave as south pole. Hence the current
induced in both the coils will flow clockwise when seen from the magnet side.
6 Predict the direction of the induced current in the rectangular loop abed as it is moved into the region of a
uniform magnetic field B⃗ directed normal to the plane of the loop. (Comptt. All India 2012)

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 Answer:
The direction of the induced current in the given rectangular loop is anti-clockwise, i.e., cbadc.
7 The motion of copper plates is damped when it is allowed to oscillate between the two poles of a magnet. If
slots are cut in the plate, how will the damping be affected? (All India 2013)
Answer:
Eddy current will decrease due to which damping reduces.
8 How does the mutual inductance of a pair of coils change when
(i) distance between the coils is decreased and
(ii) number of turns in the coils is decreased? (All India 2013)
Answer:
(i) increases.
(ii) decreases, because
M=m0n1n2Al
where [N1 and N2 are number of turn
9 Two spherical bobs, one metallic and the other of glass, of the same size are allowed to fall freely from the
same height above the ground. Which of the two would reach earlier and why? (Delhi 2014)
Answer:
Glass bob would reach earlier because there would be a force acting upward due to eddy currents on metallic
bob being conducting, due to earth’s magnetic field. This will slow down the metallic bob.
10 A rectangular loop and a circular loop are moving out of a uniform magnetic field to a field-free region with
a constant velocity ‘v’ as shown in the figure. Explain in which loop do you expect the induced emf to be
constant during the passage out of the field region. The magnetic field is normal to the loops. (All India
2010)

Answer:
In case of rectangular loop, induced emf will be constant. It is because rate of change of the area of
rectangular loop is uniform whereas that of a circular loop is not constant.
11 A current is induced in coil C1 due to the motion of current carrying coil C2.

(a) Write any two ways by which a large deflection can be obtained in the galvanometer G.
(b) Suggest an alternative device to demonstrate the induced current in place of a galvanometer .
Answer:

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 (a) To obtain a large deflection, one or more of the following steps can be taken :

1. Use a rod made of soft iron inside the coil C2.

2. Connect the coil to a powerful battery.
3. Move the arrangement rapidly towards the test coil C1

(b) Replace the galvanometer by a small torch bulb.

12 A metallic rod of ‘L’ length is rotated with angular frequency of ‘ω’ with one end hinged at the centre and the
other end at the circumference of a circular metallic ring of radius L, about an axis passing through the centre
and perpendicular to the plane of the ring. A constant and uniform magnetic field B parallel to the axis is
present everywhere. Deduce the expression for the emf between the centre and the metallic ring. (Delhi 2012)
Answer:
The magnitude of the emf, generated across a length dr of the rod, as it moves at right angles to the magnetic
field, is given by
dε = Bvdr

Alternatively, The potential difference across the resistor is equal to the induced emf and equal B x .(rate of
change of area of loop), If θ is the angle between the rod and the radius of the circle at P at time t, the area of
the sector OPQ (as shown in the figure) is given by

where [R is the radius of the circle]

13 A metallic rod held horizontally along east-west direction, is allowed to fall under gravity. Will there be an
emf induced at its ends? Justify your answer. (Delhi 2012)
Answer:
Lenz’s law states that “the polarity of induced emf is such that it tends to produce a current, which oppose the
change in magnetic flux that induced it”.

Yes there will be an emf induced as the horizontal component of field of earth, velocity of the motion of the
rod and the length of the rod are all perpendicular to each other.

The magnetic flux due to vertical component of Earth’s magnetic field keeps on changing as the metallic rod
falls down.

14 How does the mutual inductance of a pair of coils change when

(i) distance between the coils is decreased and
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 (ii) number of turns in the coils is decreased? (All India 2013)
Answer:
(i) increases.
(ii) decreases, because
M=m0n1n2Al
where [N1 and N2 are number of turns
15 A wheel with 8 metallic spokes each 50 cm long is rotated with a speed of 120 rev/min in a plane normal to
the horizontal component of the Earth’s magnetic field. The Earth’s magnetic field at the place is 0.4 G and
the angle of dip is 60°. Calculate the emf induced between the axle and the rim of the wheel. How will the
value of emf be affected if the number of spokes were increased? (All India 2013)
Answer:
If a rod length ‘l’ rotates with angular speed ω in the uniform magnetic field B,

The induced emf will not change with the increase in the number of spokes.
16 The current through two inductors of self-inductance 12 mH and 30 mH is increasing with time at the same
rate. Draw graphs showing the variation of the
(a) emf induced with the rate of change of current in each inductor
(b) energy stored in each inductor with the current flowing through it.
Compare the energy stored in the coils, if the power dissipated in the coils is the same. (Comptt. All India
2017)
Answer:

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17 (a) What are eddy currents? Write their two applications.
(b) Figure shows a rectangular conducting loop PQSR in which arm RS of length ‘l’ is movable. The loop is
kept in a uniform magnetic field ‘W directed downward perpendicular to the plane of the loop. The arm RS is
moved with a uniform speed ‘v’.

Deduce an expression for

(i) the emf induced across the arm ‘RS’,
(ii) the external force required to move the arm, and
(iii) the power dissipated as heat. (All India 2009)
Answer:
(a) Eddy current : Due to change in magnetic flux, if there is induced current in the volume (bulk) of the
material, it is called as eddy currents. It is a necessary evil in an arrangement as it can be used in applications
like electric brakes, induction furnaces and dead-beat galvanometers and brings loss of energy with heat
production etc.
(b) (i) As the arm RS of length l is moved with a uniform speed, there is a change in area. It is given by dA =
Idx = Ivdt

18 State Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction. Figure shows a rectangular conductor PQRS in which the
conductor PQ is free to move in a uniform magnetic field B perpendicular to the plane of the paper. The field
extends from x = 0 to x = b and is zero for x > b. Assume that only the arm PQ possesses resistance r.
When the arm PQ is pulled outward from x = 0 to x = 2b and is then moved backward to x = 0 with constant
speed v, obtain the expressions for the flux and the induced emf. Sketch the variations of these quantities
with distance 0 ≤ x ≤ 2b. (All India 2010)

Answer:
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 Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction: “The magnitude of the induced emf in a circuit is equal to the
time rate of change of magnetic flux through the circuit”

19 (a) Starting from the expression for the Lorentz magnetic force acting on the free charge carriers of a
conductor moving in a perpendicular magnetic field, obtain the expression for the motional emf induced.
(b) Hence deduce the expressions for the power delivered by the source and the power dissipated as Joule
heat. (Comptt. Delhi 2012)
Answer:

Hence, power required to push the conduct is same as the power dissipated.
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20 Define mutual inductance of a pair of coils and write on which factors it depends.
A square loop of side 20 cm is initially kept 30 cm away from a region of uniform magnetic field of 0.1 T as
shown in the figure. It is then moved towards the right with a velocity of 10 cm s-1 till it goes out of the field.

Plot a graph showing the variation of

(i) magnetic flux (ϕ) through the loop with time (t)
(ii) induced emf (ε) in the loop with time t.
(iii) induced current in the loop if it has resistance of 0.1 Ω. (Comptt. All India 2015)
Answer:
Mutual inductance of two coils is equal to the magnetic flux linked with one coil when a unit current is
passed in the other coil.

Hence, Mutual inductance is equal to the induced emf set up in one coil when the rate of change of
current flowing through the other coil is unity.
S.I. unit : Henry, (Weber ampere-1) or (volt second ampere-1)
Factors:
• Separation between the coils
• Relative orientation of coils
• Number of turns in the coils
Given: Side of square loop (l) = 20 cm = 20 × 10-2 m

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21 Mention the two characteristic properties of the material suitable for making core of a transformer. (All India
2012)
Answer:
Characteristic properties of material suitable for core of a transformer :
• It should have high permeability
• It should have low hysteresis loss.
• It should have low coercivity/retentivity.
It should have high resistivity. (Any two)
22 Define mutual inductance between two long coaxial solenoids. Find out the expression for the mutual
inductance of inner solenoid of length l having the radius r1 and the number of turns n1 per unit length due to
the second outer solenoid of same length and n2 number of turns per unit length. (Delhi 2011)
Answer:
Mutual induction is the phenomenon of inducing emf in a coil due to the rate of change of current in a nearby
coil.

When a current I2 is set up through S2 (outer solenoid), it in turn sets up a magnetic flux through S1. Let us
denote it by ϕ 1, The corresponding flux linkage with solenoid S1 is,

(Here N2 is total no. of turns with S2)

M21 is referred to as coefficient of mutual inductance of solenoid S2 with respect to solenoid S1.
Thus, flux linkage with solenoid S2 is

Using equations (2) and (3), we get

M12 = M21 = M
If a medium of relative permeability (it had been present the mutual inductance would be

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23 A coil of number of turns N, area A, is rotated at a constant angular speed ω, in a uniform magnetic field B,
and connected to a resistor R. Deduce expressions for :
(i) Maximum emf induced in the coil.
(ii) Power dissipation in the coil. (Delhi 2008)
Answer:
We know that induced emf

24 Write its SI unit for self-inductance of a coil. Derive the expression for self-inductance of a long solenoid of
cross-sectional area ‘A’, length ‘l’ having ‘n’ turns per unit length. (Comptt. All India 2013)
Answer:
Coefficient of self induction.
Consider a coil L as shown in Figure. Suppose a current I flows through the coil at any instant then magnetic
flux ϕ linked with the coil is directly proportional to the current passing through it at that instant.

⇒ ϕ = LI where [L is called coefficient of self induction]

If I = 1, then ϕ = L
Thus, self inductance of a coil is numerically equal to the magnetic flux linked with the coil, when a unit
current flows through it.

The SI unit of self inductance is henry (H).

Expression for self-inductance : Consider a long solenoid of length Z and cross-sectional area A having n
turns per unit length.
The magnetic field due to a current flowing in the solenoid is B = µ0nl
Total flux linked with the solenoid is,

where [nl is the total number of turns.]

Thus, the self inductance is, ϕI

If we fill the inside of the solenoid with a material of relative permeability µr then
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 L = µrµ0n2Al
25 State Lenz’s law. Explain, by giving examples that Lenz’s law is a consequence of conservation of energy.
(Comptt. Delhi 2017)

Answer:

Lenz’s law states that “The polarity of induced emf is such that it tends to produce a current which opposes
the change in magnetic flux that produced it.”

As shown in the diagram (a) given, when the north pole of a bar magnet is pushed towards the close coil, the
magnetic flux through the coil increases and the current is induced in the coil in such a direction that it
opposes the increase in flux. This is possible when the induced current in the coil is in the anticlockwise
direction.

Similarly as shown in the diagram (b), just the opposite happens when the north pole is moved away from the
coil.

In either case, it is the work done against the force of magnetic repulsion or attraction that gets ‘converted’
into the induced emf.

26 A lamp is connected in series with a capacitor. Predict your observation when this combination is connected
in turn across

(i) ac source and

(ii) a ‘dc’ battery. What change would you notice in each case if the capacitance of the capacitor is increased?
(Comptt. Delhi 2012)

Answer:

When dc source is connected, the condenser is charged but no current flows in the circuit, therefore, the lamp
does not glow. No change occurs even when capacitance of capacitor is increased.

When ac source is connected, the capacitor offers capacitive reactance Xc=1ωC. The current flows in the
circuit and the lamp glows. On increasing capacitance, Xc decreases. Therefore, glow pf the bulb increases.

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27 The instantaneous current and voltage of an a.c. circuit are given by i = 10 sin 300 t A and V = 200 sin 300 t
V. What is the power dissipation in the circuit? (All India 2008)
Answer:

28 The instantaneous current and voltage of an a.c. circuit are given by i = 10 sin 314 tA and
v = 50 sin (314t+π/2)V. (All India 2008)
Answer:

Phase difference between current voltage

29 Plot a graph showing variation of capacitive reactance with the change in the frequency of the AC source.
(Comptt. All India 2015)
Answer:
Graph showing a variation of xc capacitive reactance with the change in frequency of AC source.

30 A capacitor ‘C’, a variable resistor ‘R’ and a bulb ‘B’ are connected in series to the ac mains in a circuit as
shown. The bulb glows with some brightness. How will the glow of the bulb change if

(i) a dielectric slab is introduced between the plates of the capacitor, keeping resistance R to be the same;
(ii) the resistance R is increased keeping the same capacitance? (Delhi 2012)
Answer:
(i) Brightness will increase due to increase in capacitance on introducing dielectric slab.
(ii) Brightness will decrease, as the resistance (R) is increased, the potential drop across the bulb will
decrease (since both are connected in series).

31 Two heating elements of resistances R1 and R2 when operated at a constant supply of voltage, V, consume
powers P1 and P2 respectively. Deduce the expressions for the power of their combination when they are, in
turn, connected in
(i) series and
(ii) parallel across the same voltage supply. (All India 2008)
Answer:
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 When two resistances R1 and R2 are operated at a constant voltage supply V, their consumed power will be
P1 and P2

When they are connected in series, Power will be

32 The figure shows a series LCR circuit with L = 5.0 H, C = 80 μF, R = 40 Ω connected to a variable frequency
240 V source. Calculate
(i) The angular frequency of the source which drives the circuit at resonance.
(ii) The current at the resonating frequency.
(iii) The rms potential drop across the capacitor at resonance. (Delhi 2008)

Answer:

33 (a) Determine the value of phase difference between the current and the voltage in the given series LCR
circuit.

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 (b) Calculate the value of the additional capacitor which may be joined suitably to the capacitor C that
would make the power factor of the circuit unity. (All India 2014)
Answer:

(b) Let the additional capacitor be C’ which is to be connected in parallel with C, to increase the value
of combined capacitances; hence resulting into ‘capacitive reactance’ reduced. In parallel Cnet = C +
C’
When the power factor is unity

34 The current, in the LCR circuit shown in the figure is observed to lead the voltage in phase. Without making
any other change in the circuit, a capacitor, of capacitance C0, is (appropriately) joined to the capacitor C.
This results in making the current, in the ‘modified’ circuit, flow in phase with the applied voltage.

Draw a diagram of the ‘modified’ circuit and obtain an expression for C0 in terms of ω, L and C. (Comptt.
All India)
Answer:
Since the current leads the voltage in phase, hence, XC > XL
For resonance, we must have
New value of X’C = XL

This requires an increase in the value of C. Hence, capacitor C0 should be connected in parallel across C.
The diagram of the modified circuit is shown. For resonance, we then have

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35 An a.c. source generating a voltage v = vm sin ω t is connected to a capacitor of capacitance C. Find the
expression for the current, i, flowing through it. Plot a graph of v and i versus tat to show that the current is
π/2 ahead of the voltage. A resistor of 200Ω and a capacitor of 15.0 µF are connected in series to a 220 V, 50
Hz a.c. source. Calculate the current in the circuit and the rms voltage across the resistor and the capacitor. Is
the algebraic sum of these voltages more than the source voltage? If yes, resolve the paradox. (All India
2008)
Answer:
(a) Voltage applied to the capacitor, v = vm sin ωt
Let instantaneous capacitor = v
we have, v = qC

According to Kirchoff’s loop rule, the voltage across the source and the capacitor are equal at any instant of
time.

From equations (i) and (ii) we conclude that current leads the voltage by a phase angle of π/2

ii) As the current is same throughout the series circuit, we have

The algebraic sum of the two voltages, VR and VC is 311.3 V which is more than the source voltage of 220 V.
These two voltages are 90° out of phase. These cannot be added like ordinary numbers. The voltage is
obtained by using Pythagoras theorem,

Thus if the phase difference between two voltages is properly taken into account, the total voltage across the
resistor and the capacitor is equal to the voltage of the source.
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36 (i) An a.c. source of voltage V = V0 sin ωt is connected to a series combination of L, C and R. Use the phasor
diagram to obtain expressions for impedance of the circuit and phase angle between voltage and current. Find
the condition when current will be in phase with the voltage. What is the circuit in this condition called?
(ii) In a series LR circuit XL = R and power factor of the circuit is P1. When capacitor with capacitance C
such that XL = XC is put in series, the power factor becomes P2. Calculate P1/P2.
Answer:
(a) (i) Impedance of circuit : The effective resistance offered by a series LCR circuit is called its impedance.

Suppose an inductance L, capacitance C and resistance R are connected in series to a source of alternating
emf, V = V0 sin ωt.
Let I be the instantaneous value of current in the series circuit.
Then voltages across the three components are : ‘

These voltages are shown in the phasor in Figure 2.

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37 (i) Write the function of a transformer. State its principle of working with the help of a diagram. Mention
various energy losses in this device.
(ii) The primary coil of an ideal step up transformer has 100 turns and transformation ratio is also 100. The
input voltage and power are respectively 220 V and 1100 W. Calculate
(a) number of turns in secondary
(b) current in primary
(c) voltage across secondary
(d) current in secondary
(e) power in secondary (Delhi 2

(b) Four causes of energy loss :

1. Magnetic flux loss

2. Hystersis loss
3. Iron loss
4. Losses due to the resistance of primary and secondary coils.

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38 A device ‘X’ is connected to an ac source V = V0 sin cot. The variation of voltage, current and power in one
cycle is shown in the following graph:
(a) Identify the device ‘X’.
(b) Which of the curves A, B and C represent the voltage, current and the power consumed in the circuit?
Justify your
answer.

(c) How does it impedance vary with frequency of the ac source ? Show graphically.
(d) Obtain an expression for the current in the circuit and its phase relation with ac voltage. (All India 2017)
Answer:
(a) The device X is a capacitor.
(b) Curve B ➝ voltage
Curve C ➝ current
Curve A ➝ power consumption over a full cycle.
Reason: The current leads the voltage in phase, by a phase angle of π/2, for a capacitor.

39

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40 Three students X,Y and Z performed an experiment for studying variation of a.c. with angular frequency in
series LCR circuit, and obtained the graphs shown in Fig. They all used a.c. soucre of same rms value and
inductance of same value. What can we conclude about (i) Capacitance value (ii) Resistance value used by
them? In which case will the quality factor be maximum? What we conclude about nature of impedance of
set up at frequency ω0?

For resonance, XL=XCXL=XC. As L is same, therefore, capacitance used by all the three students
must be the same for same value of ω0.
Maximum value of current is inversely proportional to R. Therefore, resistance used by students
X is lowest and resistance used by student Z is the highest.
At ω0, impedance is equal to ohmic resistance only.
41 A circular coil having 20 turns, each of radius 8 cm, is rotating about its vertical diameter with an angular
speed of 50 rad/srad/s in a uniform horizontal magnetic field of 30 mT. Obtain the maximum, average and
rms value of e.m.f. induced in the coil. If the coil forms a closed loop of resistance 10 ohm, how much power
is dissipated as heat

42 Figure shows two long coaxial solenoids, each of length L. The outer solenoid has an area of cross-section A1 and
number of turns/length n1. The corresponding values for the inner solenoid are A2 and n2 Write the expression for
self-inductance L1,L2 of the two coils and their mutual inductance M. Hence show that M<L2L2.

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43

44

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45 A rectangular wire frame, shown below, is placed in uniform magnetic field directed upward and normal to the plane
of the paper. The part AB is connected to a spring. The spring is stretched and released when the wire AB has come to
the position A′B′(t=0). How would the induced emf vary with time? Neglect damping.

46 When a circuit element X is connected across a.c. source, current √2 A flows through it and this current is in
phase with applied voltage. When another element Y is connected across same a.c. source, the same current
flows in the circuit, but it leads the voltages by π/2 radians.
Name the circuit elements X and Y.
Find current that flows in the circuit when series combination of X and Y is connected acorss same a.c.
voltage.
Plot a graph showing variation of net impedance of series combination of X and Y as a function of angular
frequency of applied voltage.

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47

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48

49

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50 The magnetic field through a single loop of wire, 12 cm in radius and 8.5Ω resistance, changes with time as shown in
the figure. The magnetic field is perpendicular to the plane of the loop plot induced current as a function of time.

The graphical variation of induced current with time is shown in fig. From t=0t=0 to t=2st=2s,
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 magnetic field is increasing. Therefore, induced current oppose the increase.
From t=2st=2s to t=4st=4s induced current is zero. From t=4st=4s to t=6st=6s magnetic field is
decreasing. Therefore, induced current opposes the decrease and flow n the same direction.

51 (i) Figure shows the variation of resistance and reactance versus angular frequency. Identify the
curve which corresponds to inductive reactance and resistance.
(ii) Show that series LCR circuit at resonance behaves as a purely resistive circuit. Compare the
phase relation between current and voltage in series LCR circuit for (i) XL > XC, (ii)
XL = XC using phasor diagrams. (iii) What is an acceptor circuit and where it is used?

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52 (a) A resistor of 400Ω, an inductor of (5/π)H and a capacitor of (50/π)μF are connecetd in series across
a source of alternating voltage of 140sin100πt volts. Find the voltage (rms) across the resistor, the
inductor and the capacitor. Is the algebraic sum of these voltages more than the source voltage? If
yes, resolve the paradox. (Given √2 =1.4)
(b) (b) An ideal capacitor having a charge q = q0cosωt is connected across an ideal inductor ‘L’ through
a switch ‘S’. On closing the switch, show that the sum of the energies in the capacitor and inductor is
constant in time in the free oscillations of the LC circuit

53 A step-down transformer operated on a 2.5 kV line. It supplies a load with 20 A. The ratio of the primary
winding to the secondary is 10 : 1. If the transformer is 90% efficient, calculate (a) the power output, (b) the
voltage, and (c) the current in the secondary.

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54

55 A resistor ′R′ and an element ′X′ are connected in series to an AC source of voltage. The voltage is found to lead the
current in phase by π/4. If ′X′ is replaced by another element ′Y′, the voltage lags behind the current by π/4.
(i) Identify elements ′X′ and ′Y′.
(ii) When both ′X′ and ′Y′ are connected in series with ′R′ to the same source, will the power dissipated in the circuit be
maximum or minimum?
Justify your answer.

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56 An LCR series circuit with 100Ω resistance is connected to an ac source of 200V and angular frequency 300 rad/s.
When only the capacitance is removed, the current lags behind the voltage by 60o. When only the inductance is
removed, the current leads the voltage by 60o. Calculate the current and the power dissipated in the LCR circuit.

57 The current flowing in the two coils of self-inductance L1 = 16 mH and L2 = 12 mH are increasing at the
same rate. If the power supplied to the two coils are equals, find the ratio of
(i) induced voltage,
(ii) (ii) the currents
(iii) (iii) the energies stored in the two coils at a given instant

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58 An inductor 200mH, capacitor 500μF, resistor 10Ω are connected in series with a 100V, variable frequency
a.c. source. Calculate the (i) frequency at which the power factor of the circuit is unity. (ii) current amplitude
at this frequency. (iii) Q-factor.

59 A jet plane is travelling towards west at a speed of 1800 km/h. What is the voltage difference developed between the
ends of the wing having a span of 25 m, if the Earth's magnetic field at the location has a magnitude of 5×10−4T and
the dip angle is 300?

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60. A metallic ring of mass m and radius l (ring being horizontal) is falling under gravity in a region having a
magnetic field. If z is the vertical direction, the z-component of magnetic field is Bz = B0 (1+ λ z). If R is the
resistance of the ring and if the ring falls with a velocity v, find the energy lost in the resistance. If the ring
has reached a constant velocity, use the conservation of energy to determine v in terms of m, B, λ and
acceleration due to gravity g.

61. The figure shows a square loop L of side 5 cm which is connected to a network of resistances. The
whole setup is moving towards right with a constant speed of 1 cm s−1. At some instant, a part of Lis in a
uniform magnetic field of 1 T, perpendicular to the plane of the loop. If the resistance of L is 1.7 W, find the
current in the loop at that instant.

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62 A circular wire loop of radius R is placed in the x- y plane centered at the origin O. A square loop of side a (a
<< R) having two turns is placed with its centre at z = √3 R along the axis of the circular wire loop, as shown
in figure. The plane of the square loop makes an angle of 45° with respect to the Z-axis. If the mutual
inductance between the loops is given by

, then find the value of P.

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63 Space is divided by the line AD into two regions. Region I is field free and the region II has a uniform
magnetic field B directed into the plane of the paper. ACD is a semicircular conducting loop of radius r with
centre at O, the plane of the loop being in the plane of the paper. The loop is now made to rotate with a
constant angular velocity w about an axis passing through O and perpendicular to the plane of the paper. The
effective resistance of the loop is R.
(a) Obtain an expression for the magnitude of the induced current in the loop.
(b) Show the direction of the current when the loop is entering into the region II.
(c) Plot a graph between the induced current and the time of rotation for two periods of rotation.

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