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Maths Project 1

The document outlines five theorems regarding circles: 1. Equal chords of a circle subtend equal angles at the centre. 2. A perpendicular drawn from the centre of a circle to a chord bisects the chord. 3. Equal chords of a circle are equidistant from the centre. 4. The measure of an angle subtended to any point on a circle from the same arc is equal to half the angle subtended at the centre by the same arc. 5. The opposite angles in a cyclic quadrilateral are supplementary.

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56 views

Maths Project 1

The document outlines five theorems regarding circles: 1. Equal chords of a circle subtend equal angles at the centre. 2. A perpendicular drawn from the centre of a circle to a chord bisects the chord. 3. Equal chords of a circle are equidistant from the centre. 4. The measure of an angle subtended to any point on a circle from the same arc is equal to half the angle subtended at the centre by the same arc. 5. The opposite angles in a cyclic quadrilateral are supplementary.

Uploaded by

abhi032721
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Theorem 1:

“Two equal chords of a circle subtend equal angles at the centre of the circle.

Proof: Given, in ∆AOB and ∆POQ,

AB = PQ (Equal Chords) …………..(1)

OA = OB= OP=OQ (Radii of the circle) ……..(2)

From eq 1 and 2, we get;

∆AOB ≅ ∆POQ (SSS Axiom of congruency)

∠AOB = ∠POQ (By CPCT)

Hence, Proved.

Theorem 2:

“The perpendicular to a chord bisects the chord if drawn from the centre of the circle.”
In the above figure, as per the theorem, OD ⊥ AB, therefore, AD = DB.

Proof: Given, in ∆AOD and ∆BOD,

∠ADO = ∠BDO = 90° (OD ⊥ AB) ………(1)

OA = OB (Radii of the circle) ……….(2)

OD = OD (Common side) ………….(3)

From eq. (1), (2) and (3), we get;

∆AOB ≅ ∆POQ (R.H.S Axiom of congruency)

Hence, AD = DB (By CPCT)


Theorem 3:

“Equal chords of a circle are equidistant (equal distance) from the centre of the circle.”

Proof: Given, In ∆OPB and ∆OQD

BP = 1/2 AB (Perpendicular to a chord bisects it) ……..(1)

DQ = 1/2 CD (Perpendicular to a chord bisects it) ……..(2)

AB = CD (Given)

BP = DQ (from eq 1 and 2)

OB = OD (Radii of the same circle)

∠OPB = ∠OQD = 90° (OP ⊥ AB and OQ ⊥ CD)

∆OPB ≅ ∆OQD ( By R.H.S Axiom of Congruency)

Hence,

OP = OQ ( By CPCT)
Theorem 4:

“Measure of angles subtended to any point on the circumference of the circle from the same arc is equal
to half of the angle subtended at the center by the same arc.”

From the above figure,

∠AOB = 2∠APB

Construction: Join PD passing through centre O

Proof: In ∆AOP,

OA = OP (Radii of the same circle) ………..(1)

∠OAP = ∠OPA (Angles opposite to equal sides of a triangle) …………(2)

∠AOD = ∠OAP + ∠OPA (Exterior Angle Property of the triangle) …………(3)

Hence, from eq. 2 and 3 we get;

∠AOD = 2∠OPA ………….(4)


Similarly in ∆BOP,

Exterior angle, ∠BOD = 2 ∠OPB …………(5)

∠AOB = ∠AOD + ∠BOD

From eq. 4 and 5, we get;

⇒ ∠AOB = 2∠OPA + 2∠OPB

⇒ ∠AOB = 2(∠OPA + ∠OPB)

⇒ ∠AOB = 2∠APB

Theorem 5:

“The opposite angles in a cyclic quadrilateral are supplementary.”

Proof:

Suppose, for arc ABC,


∠AOC = 2∠ABC = 2α (Theorem 4) …………….(1)

Consider for arc ADC,

Reflex ∠AOC = 2 ∠ADC = 2β (Theorem 4) …………..(2)

∠AOC + Reflex ∠AOC = 360°

From eq. 1 and 2, we get;

⇒ 2 ∠ABC + 2∠ADC = 360°

⇒ 2α + 2β = 360°

⇒α + β = 180°

Important Points in Circles

 Perpendicular from the centre to a chord bisects the chord

 A Line through the centre that bisects the chord is perpendicular to the chord

 A Quadrilateral is called a cyclic quadrilateral if all the four vertices lie on a circle.

 If the sum of a pair of opposite angles of a quadrilateral is 180 degree, the quadrilateral is cyclic.

 The sum of either pair of opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral is 180 degree

 Angles in the same segment of a circle are equal

 Angles in a semi-circle is right angle.

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