RASPBERRY PI BASED SURVEILLANCE ROBOT

Mrunal Jadhav1 a,Sushma Karke2 b,Suhas Jadhav3 c Prof. Kalpita Mane 4

1,2,3Student, Department of Electronics And Telecommunication, School Of Engineering And
Technology, Lohegaon, Pune, Maharashtra, India
4Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, School Of Engineering And
Technology, Lohegaon, Pune, Maharashtra, India

[email protected] , …………………@gmail.comb , [email protected]

Abstract. In recent years, there has been a growing demand for innovative solutions in surveillance and environmental monitoring applications. This paper
presents the development of a surveillance robot integrated with an air monitoring feature utilizing the Raspberry Pi platform and MQ135 gas sensor. The
proposed system aims to enhance traditional surveillance capabilities by incorporating real-time air quality monitoring, providing a comprehensive solution
for both security and environmental awareness. The surveillance robot is equipped with a Raspberry Pi microcontroller, which serves as the central processing
unit for data collection, processing, and control. Additionally, it is outfitted with various sensors for environmental monitoring, including the MQ135 gas
sensor capable of detecting a range of air pollutants such as ammonia, benzene, and carbon monoxide.
Keywords. Raspberry pi, Webpage, Camera Module, Air monitoring

I. INTRODOCTION
In this paper, we present the design, implementation, and experimental validation of a surveillance robot equipped with an air monitoring
feature using the Raspberry Pi and MQ135 gas sensor. We describe the system architecture, hardware components, and software
implementation in detail, highlighting the integration of surveillance and environmental monitoring functionalities. Furthermore, we discuss
the potential applications and benefits of such a system in various scenarios, including industrial facilities, urban environments, and disaster
response operations. Traditional surveillance systems have predominantly focused on video monitoring, which inherently limits their ability to
provide comprehensive situational awareness. However, by incorporating environmental sensors like the MQ135 gas sensor, surveillance
robots can not only detect suspicious activities but also evaluate the quality of the surrounding air. This added functionality holds particular
significance in environments where air pollution or the presence of hazardous gases poses risks to human health and safety. At the core of the
surveillance robot lies the Raspberry Pi microcontroller, serving as its central processing unit and enabling a myriad of tasks including data
processing, control, and communication. Leveraging the versatility and computational power of the Raspberry Pi platform, the surveillance
robot can execute complex algorithms for both surveillance and air quality monitoring in real-time. Moreover, the Raspberry Pi's compatibility
with an extensive array of sensors renders it an ideal choice for integrating environmental monitoring capabilities into the surveillance system.
In summary, the amalgamation of Raspberry Pi-based surveillance robots with air monitoring capabilities marks a significant stride in the
realms of security and environmental monitoring. By harnessing the strengths of robotics, microcontroller technology, and sensor integration,
these systems offer a versatile and cost-effective solution for augmenting situational awareness and mitigating risks across diverse settings.

II. LITERATURE SURVEY

The literature survey conducted in this study explores existing research and studies related to Raspberry Pi-based surveillance robots,
focusing on their design, functionalities, applications, and advancements. The findings from this survey provide valuable insights into the
current state of the art in Raspberry Pi-based surveillance robotics and highlight areas for further research and development. Several studies
emphasize the importance of modular design and integration of hardware components in the development of Raspberry Pi-based surveillance
robots (Lopez et al., 2018). Modular design allows for easy customization and expansion of the robots' functionality to meet specific
surveillance requirements. Additionally, attention to power management and energy efficiency is crucial for prolonged operation, especially in
remote surveillance applications (Parekh et al., 2019). In industrial settings, surveillance robots are deployed for asset tracking, perimeter
monitoring, and safety inspection tasks, improving operational efficiency and safety standards (Wang et al., 2020). Furthermore, in
environmental surveillance, such robots are employed for wildlife monitoring, habitat conservation, and pollution detection (Sinha et al.,
2018). Additionally, in disaster response scenarios, Raspberry Pi-based surveillance robots play a vital role in search and rescue operations,
providing first responders with real-time situational awareness (Jiang et al., 2021).Recent advancements in Raspberry Pi-based surveillance
robots focus on enhancing their capabilities in terms of autonomy, intelligence, and connectivity. Researchers are exploring machine learning
techniques for object detection and classification, enabling robots to identify and track specific targets autonomously (Zhang et al., 2022).
Moreover, advancements in sensor technology, such as LiDAR and thermal imaging, contribute to improving the robots' perception and
environmental awareness (Wang et al., 2021). Additionally, integration with cloud computing and edge computing platforms enables seamless
data processing, storage, and analysis, enhancing the robots' overall performance and scalability (Chen et al., 2020). Furthermore, autonomous
navigation and obstacle avoidance functionalities are crucial for ensuring the robots' mobility and adaptability in dynamic environments (Guo
et al., 2021).

III. EXISTING SYSTEM

Traditional surveillance systems have long been prevalent in various settings, ranging from private properties to public spaces, employing
cameras and sometimes motion sensors to detect and monitor activities. These systems primarily focus on visual surveillance, providing live
feeds or recorded footage to security personnel or homeowners for monitoring purposes. While effective in capturing visual data, these
systems often lack additional features for comprehensive situational awareness, particularly concerning environmental factors such as air
quality. Moreover, standalone air quality monitoring systems exist, typically comprising sensors deployed in fixed locations to measure
pollutant levels over time. These systems serve purposes ranging from assessing indoor air quality in buildings to monitoring pollution levels
in urban areas. However, they are stationary and lack mobility, limiting their ability to provide real-time data across different locations or
respond to dynamic environmental conditions. Despite their individual merits, both traditional surveillance systems and standalone air quality
monitoring systems have inherent limitations. Traditional surveillance systems focus primarily on visual data and may overlook crucial
environmental factors, while standalone air quality monitoring systems lack mobility and situational awareness beyond air quality
measurements. Therefore, there arises a need for an integrated solution that combines the capabilities of surveillance systems with real-time
air quality monitoring to provide comprehensive situational awareness.

IV. PROPOSED SYSTEM

The proposed system introduces a surveillance robot equipped with a Raspberry Pi microcontroller, an MQ135 gas sensor for air quality
monitoring, and a camera module as key components. This innovative integration enhances traditional surveillance capabilities by providing
real-time visual monitoring alongside continuous air quality assessment, resulting in comprehensive situational awareness in various
environments. Central to the proposed system is the Raspberry Pi microcontroller, serving as the core processing unit for data acquisition,
analysis, and control. Leveraging the computational power and flexibility of the Raspberry Pi platform, the surveillance robot can execute
sophisticated algorithms for both surveillance and environmental monitoring tasks. The Raspberry Pi's compatibility with a variety of sensors
facilitates seamless integration, enabling the system to adapt to different monitoring requirements. The camera module serves as a pivotal
component of the proposed system, enabling visual surveillance and data capture in real-time. With the ability to capture high-resolution
images and videos, the camera module provides security personnel or operators with valuable visual information, allowing them to monitor
activities and identify potential threats effectively. Additionally, the camera module can be equipped with features such as night vision or
motion detection to enhance surveillance capabilities further.

Fig. Block Diagram Of The Setup

The block diagram illustrates the architecture of a surveillance robot car, with its core components interconnected for seamless functionality.
At the heart of the system lies the Raspberry Pi, serving as the primary control unit. It interfaces with various peripherals to manage the robot's
operations effectively. The Motor Driver, specifically the L298 module, receives power from the main power supply and controls the motor
wheels' movement, enabling the robot to navigate its environment. Connected to the Raspberry Pi, the Camera Module captures images and
videos, with the Raspberry Pi processing this data to be displayed on an HTML webpage. Additionally, an ESP WiFi Module facilitates
wireless communication, linking the Raspberry Pi to both the MQ135 Gas Sensor and an OLED display. The MQ135 Gas Sensor measures air
quality parameters, such as PPM levels of different gases, and transmits this data wirelessly to the ESP WiFi Module. The OLED display then
presents this information in real-time, allowing users to monitor air quality conditions. This integrated system offers a comprehensive
surveillance solution combining camera feed display with air quality monitoring capabilities, all managed and coordinated by the Raspberry Pi
controller.

V. COMPONENTS AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

Hardware Requirements:
Raspberry Pi 3b+
Raspberry Pi is used as a wireless and web-based robot. The Raspberry Pi then wirelessly transmits the video from the robot to the user's
screen; From here the user can easily control the robot's motor and the robot's arm. The Raspberry pi is connected to a dongle that allows the
Raspberry Pi to be sent to the network. Raspberry-Pi Modules since the Raspberry Pi does not have a built-in hard drive for storage It
Required SD card for booting and storage. The Raspberry Pi must have a 5-volt power supply with a minimum current of 700-1000 mA and
be powered via a micro USB cable. ARM11 only needs 3.3 volts of power and uses a generator. The USB port needs 5 volts. It operates at
700M Hz. We write code using Python or control C on Raspberry Pi. Adopting ARM11 architecture and Linux-based system, it has good
performance. In terms of connection and control, there is 1 SPI, 1 UART, 1 I2C and 8 GPIOs that can be used for control purposes. An easy-
to-use, open-source peripheral driver library is available.

Fig. Raspberry Pi 3B+

L298DN Motor Driver
The L298N H-Bridge module can be used with motors ranging from 5 to 35V DC. The L298N motor driver is a versatile integrated circuit
(IC) commonly used in robotics and automation projects for controlling DC motors. Its robust design and ease of use make it popular among
hobbyists and professionals alike. The L298N chip can control two motors independently, making it suitable for applications requiring
differential steering or driving two-wheel robot platforms. At its core, the L298N features an H-bridge configuration, allowing it to control the
direction and speed of DC motors. Each H-bridge consists of four transistors, arranged in a way that allows current to flow in either direction
through the motor. By controlling the states of these transistors, the L298N can drive the motor forward, backward, or brake it to a halt. One
of the key features of the L298N is its built-in protection mechanisms, including thermal shutdown and overcurrent protection. These
safeguards help prevent damage to the IC and connected components in case of excessive heat or current surges, ensuring reliable operation
over extended periods.

Fig. L298DN Motor Driver

Camera Module
The Pi Camera module, developed by the Raspberry Pi Foundation, is a compact and versatile camera system designed specifically for
Raspberry Pi single-board computers. It provides high-quality imaging capabilities to Raspberry Pi projects, ranging from simple surveillance
systems to complex computer vision applications. One of the key features of the Pi Camera module is its compact form factor, which makes it
easy to integrate into various projects without adding significant bulk or weight. Despite its small size, the camera module is capable of
capturing still images with resolutions up to 12 megapixels and recording high-definition video at resolutions of 1080p or even 4K, depending
on the model. The Pi Camera module connects directly to the Raspberry Pi's camera port via a ribbon cable, providing a seamless interface for
data transfer and control. This direct connection ensures high-speed communication between the camera module and the Raspberry Pi,
minimizing latency and enabling real-time processing of captured images or video streams.

ESP8266
Integrating the ESP8266 module into your surveillance robot car project brings forth a host of beneficial features that enhance its
functionality and connectivity. At the forefront is its built-in Wi-Fi capability, enabling seamless wireless communication between your
surveillance system and other devices within the network. This empowers remote access and control, facilitating monitoring and management
from virtually anywhere with Wi-Fi coverage. Despite its robust capabilities, the ESP8266 module maintains affordability, making it a cost-
effective solution for adding wireless connectivity without inflating project costs. Its low power consumption is particularly advantageous for
battery-operated setups or energy-efficient designs, ensuring prolonged operation without draining power resources excessively. Moreover,
the compact form factor of the ESP8266 module allows for easy integration into your surveillance robot car, optimizing space utilization and
design flexibility. Programmability is another highlight, as the ESP8266 module can be programmed using familiar environments like the
Arduino IDE, catering to users with varying levels of expertise.

Fig. ESP 8266 Wifi Module

MQ-135
The MQ135 sensor is adept at detecting a variety of gases, including ammonia, carbon dioxide, and other volatile organic compounds
(VOCs), making it invaluable for assessing indoor and outdoor air quality levels. Its sensitivity to these gases allows for early detection of
potential hazards such as gas leaks or elevated levels of pollutants, enabling prompt intervention to mitigate risks. Moreover, the MQ135
sensor operates efficiently within a wide range of temperatures and humidity levels, ensuring reliable performance across diverse
environmental conditions. Its low power consumption makes it suitable for continuous monitoring applications, optimizing energy usage and
prolonging operational lifespan. Furthermore, the MQ135 sensor's compact size and lightweight design facilitate easy integration into the
surveillance robot car without imposing significant space constraints. Leveraging the MQ135 sensor's capabilities, the surveillance robot car
can provide real-time feedback on air quality parameters, empowering users to make informed decisions regarding their surroundings.
Whether deployed in industrial settings, smart homes, or public spaces, the MQ135-equipped surveillance robot car serves as a versatile tool
for enhancing safety and well-being by monitoring air quality and facilitating timely interventions when necessary. By incorporating the
MQ135 gas sensor, your surveillance robot car project gains a critical capability to monitor air quality, ensuring a safer and healthier
environment for occupants and users alike.

Fig. MQ-135 Gas Sensor

Software Requirements:
1) VNC Viewer
2) Putty
3) Thonny IDE
4) SD Card Formatter
5) Flasher
6) Raspbian Bluster
7) Arduino IDE

Applications:
1) Conduct internal audits in warehouses and schools to check improper activities.
2) Learn the location of the terrorist group and plan the attack at the right time.
3) Make a movie about disaster areas where people cannot go.
4) On-site monitoring of indoor and outdoor commercial complexes, factories and public buildings/establishments

CONCLUSION
In conclusion, when considering the integration of the MQ135 gas sensor, ESP8266 module, and Pi Camera module into your surveillance
robot car project, several key points emerge. Firstly, the MQ135 gas sensor enhances the project's functionality by enabling real-time
monitoring of air quality parameters, facilitating prompt detection of potential hazards and ensuring a safer environment for users. Secondly,
the ESP8266 module brings wireless connectivity to the project, enabling remote access and control via Wi-Fi networks, enhancing flexibility
and accessibility. Thirdly, the Pi Camera module provides high-quality imaging capabilities, allowing for the capture of images and videos
essential for surveillance and monitoring purposes, further augmenting the project's utility. Moreover, the low power consumption and
compact form factor of these components contribute to the project's efficiency and ease of integration, minimizing space constraints and
energy usage. Overall, the integration of these components elevates the surveillance robot car project, empowering it with advanced features
for comprehensive surveillance, monitoring, and environmental assessment. By considering these key points, you can ensure the successful
implementation of your surveillance robot car project, equipped with the necessary tools to meet its objectives effectively while providing
enhanced functionality and usability.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We extend our sincere gratitude to all those who have supported and contributed to the completion of this project. Firstly, we express our
appreciation to our professors and instructors for their guidance, mentorship, and invaluable feedback throughout the project's development.
Their expertise and encouragement have been instrumental in shaping our ideas and refining our work. Furthermore, we acknowledge the
support provided by the college administration and staff, including the library resources, laboratory facilities, and technical assistance, which
have been essential for the execution of our project. Additionally, we are grateful to any external organizations or individuals who provided
assistance, funding, or resources that contributed to the success of our project. Lastly, we express our heartfelt thanks to our friends and family
members for their unwavering support, understanding, and encouragement throughout this endeavor. Their encouragement and belief in our
abilities have been a source of motivation and inspiration
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