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Longitudinal and Transverse Waves

This document discusses key concepts related to longitudinal and transverse waves, including: 1. Longitudinal waves involve particle motion parallel to wave motion, while transverse waves involve particle motion perpendicular to wave motion. 2. Frequency is defined as the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit of time. 3. The speed of sound waves depends on the density and elasticity of the medium, ranging from about 0.33 km/s in air to 5 km/s in steel.

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keith pulmones
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35 views2 pages

Longitudinal and Transverse Waves

This document discusses key concepts related to longitudinal and transverse waves, including: 1. Longitudinal waves involve particle motion parallel to wave motion, while transverse waves involve particle motion perpendicular to wave motion. 2. Frequency is defined as the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit of time. 3. The speed of sound waves depends on the density and elasticity of the medium, ranging from about 0.33 km/s in air to 5 km/s in steel.

Uploaded by

keith pulmones
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ARU ASSIGNMENT

1. Longitudinal and Transverse waves


• A longitudinal wave is a wave in which particles of the medium move in a direction
parallel to the direction that the wave moves. Suppose that a slinky is stretched out in a
horizontal direction across the classroom and that a pulse is introduced into the slinky
on the left end by vibrating the first coil left and right. Energy will begin to be
transported through the slinky from left to right. As the energy is transported from left
to right, the individual coils of the medium will be displaced leftwards and rightwards. In
this case, the particles of the medium move parallel to the direction that the pulse
moves. This type of wave is a longitudinal wave. Longitudinal waves are always
characterized by particle motion being parallel to wave motion.
• A transverse wave is a wave in which particles of the medium move in a direction
perpendicular to the direction that the wave moves. Suppose that a slinky is stretched
out in a horizontal direction across the classroom and that a pulse is introduced into the
slinky on the left end by vibrating the first coil up and down. Energy will begin to be
transported through the slinky from left to right. As the energy is transported from left
to right, the individual coils of the medium will be displaced upwards and downwards. In
this case, the particles of the medium move perpendicular to the direction that the
pulse moves. This type of wave is a transverse wave. Transverse waves are always
characterized by particle motion being perpendicular to wave motion.
2. Frequency- is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit of time. It is also
occasionally referred to as temporal frequency to emphasize the contrast to spatial frequency,
and ordinary frequency to emphasize the contrast to angular frequency.
3. Velocity of Sound Wave propagation- The speed of sound is the distance travelled per unit of
time by a sound wave as it propagates through an elastic medium. At 20 °C (68 °F), the speed of
sound in air is about 343 metres per second (1,125 ft/s; 1,235 km/h; 767 mph; 667 kn), or one
kilometre in 2.9 s or one mile in 4.7 s.
4. Speed of Longitudinal and Transverse Sound Waves
• Longitudinal waves, such as sound, are transmitted through media with velocities
depending on the density and elasticity of the substance. Sound has a velocity of about
0.33 km per second (0.2 mile per second) in air, 1.5 km per second in water, and 5 km
per second in steel.
• A transverse wave runs along an elastic cord at a speed υ = 15 m/sec. The period of
oscillations of the cord points is T = 1.2 sec, amplitude A = 2 cm.
5. Wavelength, Sound Intensity
• Wavelength is the distance between identical points (adjacent crests) in the adjacent
cycles of a waveform signal propagated in space or along a wire. In wireless systems,
this length is usually specified in meters (m), centimeters (cm) or millimeters (mm).
• Sound Intensity is the amount of energy flowing per unit time through a unit area that is
perpendicular to the direction in which the sound waves are travelling. Sound intensity
may be measured in units of energy or work—e.g., microjoules (10-6 joule) per second
per square centimetre—or in units of power, as microwatts (10-6 watt) per square
centimetre. Unlike loudness, sound intensity is objective and can be measured by
auditory equipment independent of an observer’s hearing.

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