Free and Open Source Software for Personal

Computing
IT1306
Level I - Semester 1

© 2020 e-Learning Centre, UCSC 1

 Word Processing for
Electronic Documentation
2
 Introduction to Word Processing
• What is Word Processing?
• The process of creating or editing a document using a word processor.
• Word processor:
• a device or computer program that provides for input, editing, formatting and
output of text, often with some additional features.
• a software program capable of creating, storing, and printing typed documents.
• Word processing software
• Used to manipulate a text documents
• E.g. Reports, Thesis, Letters etc.
• Enter text by typing and software provides tools for copying, deleting and
various types of formatting.

© 2020 e-Learning Centre, UCSC 3

 Introduction to Word Processing
• Different Word Processing application software
• There are different types of word processing applications.
• Software can be categorized under
• Free and Open Source (FOSS)
• Proprietary
• Online / Freeware

© 2020 e-Learning Centre, UCSC 4

 Introduction to Word Processing
• Examples of word processing applications
• Abiword
• Apple iWork Pages
• Corel WordPerfect
• Google Docs
• LibreOffice Writer
• Microsoft Word
• OpenOffice Writer

© 2020 e-Learning Centre, UCSC 5

 Activity 01

• Identify examples for different types of word processing applications.

• Categorize them under “Proprietary”, “Free and Open Source” or
“Online”

6
 Getting familiarize with the working
environment
Parts of the main
Writer window

7
Getting familiarize with the working
environment

8
 Getting familiarize with the working
environment
Basic File Operations

• New: Creates a new document

• Open: Open an existing
document in many different
ways
• Save/ Save As: Save the work
• Close: Closes the active
document

9
 Getting familiarize with the working
environment

• Normal view: shows how the

Document Views

document will look when you

print it or create a PDF
• Web view: shows how the
document will look if viewed
in a Web browser
• Full Screen view: no toolbars
or sidebar are displayed; the
document takes up the full
area available
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 Getting familiarize with the working
environment
Supported file formats

• OpenDocument Text (.odt)

• OpenDocument Text Template (.ott)
• OpenDocument Master Document (.odm)
• Rich Text Format (.rtf)
• HTML Document (.html)
• HTML Document Template (.oth)
• LibreOffice and OpenOffice.org Extension (.oxt)

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 Getting Familiarize with the working
environment
• For more information
• Please read [Ref 5: Pg. (22-44)]

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Typing a simple document

13
 Working with Text and Symbols
• Selecting Text • Selecting items that are not
• Swipe the mouse cursor over consecutive
text or use multiple clicks to 1. Select the first piece of text.
select a word (double-click), 2. Hold down the Ctrl key and
sentence (triple-click), or use the mouse to select the
paragraph (quadruple-click). next piece of text.
3. Repeat as often as needed.

14
 Activity
• Type the below paragraph and select the text as shown.

• Learn how to select a vertical block or column of text that is

separated by spaces or tabs.

15
 Cutting, copying, and pasting text
• To move (drag and drop)
• drag it to the new location and release it;
• To copy selected text, hold down the Ctrl key while dragging.
• To move (cut and paste)
• use Ctrl+X to cut the text, insert the cursor at the paste-in point and
use Ctrl+V to paste.
• use the buttons on the Standard toolbar.
• What is special about “Paste Special”?

16
 Finding and replacing text
• One can search for specific words using
• the Find toolbar (for fast searching) and

• the Find & Replace dialog box

• Find and replace words and phrases.
• Use wildcards and regular expressions to fine-tune a search.
• Find and replace specific attributes or formatting.
• Find and replace paragraph styles.

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Finding and replacing text
• The Find & Replace dialog box
• Type the text you want to find in the
Find box.
• To replace the text with different text,
type the new text in the Replace box.
• Select various options, such as
matching the case or matching whole
words only.
• Once set up the search, click Find
Next / Find All. As the document view
moves to each found instance,
replace the text by clicking Replace or
Replace All

18
 Checking Spelling and Grammar
• Spelling checker
• checks to see if each word in the document is in the installed dictionary.
• Automatic Spell Checking checks each word and displays a wavy red line
under any unrecognized words.
• Right-click an unrecognized word to open a context menu. Click one of the
suggested words to replace the underlined word with the one selected.
• When the word is corrected, the line disappears.
• Grammar checker
• Can be used separately or in combination with the spelling checker
• Checks whether built-in grammar rules are broken.
• Displays a wavy green line to highlight grammatical mistakes.

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 Checking Spelling and Grammar

• For combined spelling

and grammar check
select
• Tools > Spelling and
Grammar, or
• click the Spelling and
Grammar button on the
Standard toolbar, or
• press F7

20
 Using synonyms and the thesaurus
• Synonyms: access a short list • Thesaurus: gives a more
of synonyms from a context extensive list of alternative
menu. words and phrases.
• Right-click a word, point to
• Right-click a word and point to Synonyms in the content menu,
Synonyms on the context
• then click Thesaurus from the
menu. Synonyms submenu.
• A submenu of alternative words • In the Thesaurus dialog click a
and phrases is displayed. word or phrase n the list of
• Click a word or phrase in the meanings to select it.
submenu to have it replace the • Click Replace to make the
highlighted word substitution

21
 Inserting special characters
• Special characters are characters not found on a basic English
keyboard.

1. Place the cursor where you want

the characters to appear.
2. Click Insert > Special Character.
3. Double-click the characters you
wish to insert,
The characters will appear in the
document as you select them.

22
 Changing the case of selected text
• Change the case of text
• select it, choose Format > Text then choose one of the option.
 UPPER CASE
all letters are capitalized.
 lower case
no words (except proper nouns) are capitalized.
 Cycle Case
cycles the selected words through upper case, lower case, and
capitalize every word.
 Sentence case
 only the first word is capitalized (together with any proper
nouns).
 Capitalize Every Word
every word is capitalized.
 tOGGLE cASE
changes every letter to the opposite case.
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Formatting Documents

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 Formatting Paragraphs
• Change the format of text that
affects an entire paragraph or is
different from other paragraphs in a
document.
• Can apply many formats to
paragraphs using
• the icons on the Formatting toolbar
(Format -> Paragraph) or
• The Paragraph panel of the Sidebar’s
Properties deck (View > Sidebar).

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Formatting Toolbar:
Icons and Formats

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 Alignment Options
• Adjust the alignment of a
paragraph:
• Left,
• Right,
• Centered, or
• Justified

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 Line and paragraph spacing
• Line spacing
• the distance from one baseline
to the next baseline.
• determined by the size of the
font.

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 Paragraph indentation
• Increase the amount of space to leave between the left and right page margins and the
paragraph.
• The distances are determined by settings
• Before Text Indent; from the left margin
• After Text Indent; from the right margin
• First Line Indent, indents the first line from the left margin, or from the specified indentation from the
margin
• Switch to Hanging Indent,
• Leaves the first line at the left margin and indents all the other lines of the amount specified.

29
 Paragraph Dialog Formatting Options
• Borders
• Useful for setting a paragraph off from the surrounding text.
• Drop caps
• Enlarged letters that mark the start of a new chapter or section.
• Area
• Includes five types of fill (background): color, gradient, bitmap, pattern, and
hatching.
• Transparency
• Affects the paragraph’s background. Useful for creating watermarks and
making colors or images more pale.
• Outline & Numbering
• Provides options for choosing the outline level of the paragraph and its
numbering (list) style

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Setting tab positions
• Left Tab:
• Left-aligns the text at the tab
stop
• Right Tab:
• Right-aligns the text at the tab
stop
• Center Tab:
• Centers the text around the tab
stop
• Decimal Tab:
• Aligns decimal numbers using
the decimal point
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 Activity
• Type the below text in Libreoffice writer and format the text
using the option “tabs” as shown in the screenshot.

Name Sub1 Sub2 Sub3 Sub4 Total

Madavi 23 54 23 43
Ravi 45 34 12 54
Mira 78 34 76 45
Kosala 56 87 78 90

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 Formatting characters
• Apply different formats to
characters
• use the buttons on the
Formatting toolbar

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 Formatting characters
• Character Formatting include,
• Font Name, Font Size (in points)
• Bold, Italic, Underline, Double Underline, Overline, Strikethrough, Outline
• Superscript, Subscript
• Uppercase, Lowercase
• Increase Font Size, Decrease Font Size
• Font Color (with a palette of colors)
• Background Color (with a palette of colors)
• Highlighting (with a palette of colors) etc.

Identify
and Name
the Icons 34
 Formatting numbered or bulleted lists
• Use the Numbering and Bullets buttons on the Formatting
toolbar or on the Paragraph panel of the Properties deck of the
Sidebar.
• Choose the suitable bulleted or number format.

35
 Activity
• Type the text in Libreoffice writer and format the list as shown
below.

36
 Formatting Pages
• A page can be formatted using different page formatting styles
and options.
• Some important functions:
• Headers and footers
• Page numbering
• Title pages
• Footnotes and endnotes
• Borders and backgrounds

37
Formatting pages using basic layout styles
• Page break: Starts a new page
• A page break can be inserted
• without changing the page style:
position the cursor at the point where
you want to start the new page and
select Insert > Page Break
• to change the current page style:
Position the cursor at the point you want
to start the next page. Select Insert >
Manual Break.

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 Changing page margins
• Default page
margins can be
changed to
alter the page
style using
different ways.

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 Creating headers and footers
• Headers are portions of a document that appear at the top of
every page;
• Footers appear at the bottom of a page.
• Headers/footers can be used to include page numbers,
document information, etc.

40
 Creating headers and footers
• To insert a header
• Insert > Header and Footer >Header
> [Page Style]

• To insert a footer
• Insert > Header and Footer >Footer
> [Page Style]

• To insert / Format
Header/Footer
• Format > Page
• In Page dialog box select the tab
Header / Footer.

41
 Numbering pages
• Insert page numbers to the document
• Place the cursor on the header/footer
• Insert > Page Number
• Pages can be numbered using different ways
• Try out the below.
• Combining header text and page number
• Changing the number format
• Numbering pages by chapter
• Numbering the first page something other than 1
• Restarting page numbers

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 Formatting footnotes and endnotes
• Footnotes appear at the bottom of the page on which they are
referenced.
• Endnotes are collected at the end of a document.

Activity: Add a footnote and an endnote into a document.

Identify the difference between a footnote and an endnote.

43
 Adding borders and backgrounds

Changing the
background
Color/Gradient
/ Bitmap/
Adding a Page boarder Pattern/ Hatch

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 Working with styles
• Improve consistency in a document.
• Make major formatting changes easy.
• LibreOffice Writer has six style categories:
• Paragraph styles affect entire paragraphs and are also used for
purposes such as compiling a table of contents.
• Character styles affect a block of text inside a paragraph; they provide
exceptions to paragraph styles.
• Page styles affect page formatting (page size, margin, and the like).
• Frame styles affect frames and graphics.
• List styles affect outlines, numbered lists, and bulleted lists.
• Table styles affect the appearance of tables of data.
For more information refer the relevant sections in Reference 5
45
 Working with templates
• A document model that is used to create other document.
• One can
• Create new templates [Ref 5: Pg. (217-219)]
• Edit existing templates [Ref 5: Pg. (217-219)]
• Add templates from other sources [Ref 5: Pg. (219-221)]
• Organize templates [Ref 5: Pg. (222-223)]

46
 Working with Graphics and Objects
• Add graphic and image files into the document (photos,
drawings, and scanned images etc.)
• Images in Writer can be categorized as
• Image files, such as photos, drawings, and scanned images
• Diagrams created using LibreOffice’s drawing tools
• Artwork created using clip art or Fontwork
• Charts created using LibreOffice’s Chart facility

47
 Adding images to a document
• Adding images into a Writer document can be done in several
ways.
• Inserting an image file(Drag and drop, Insert Image dialog & Copy and
paste)
• Linking an image file
• Scanning
• Inserting an image from the Gallery
• Inserting an image as a background

Activity: Add an image into the document using the above

mentioned ways.

48
 Working with drawing tools
• Drawing tool in LibreOffice Writer can be used to
• create simple diagrams using rectangles, circles, lines, text, and other
predefined shapes.
• group several drawing objects to make sure they maintain their relative
position and proportion.
• place the drawing objects directly on a page in the document or insert
them into a frame.
• annotate photographs, screen captures, or other illustrations.

49
Working with drawing tools

50
 Activity

Draw the picture

shown below using
“Drawing tools” in
LibreOffice Writer.

51
 Delete, export and compressing images
• Delete
• Click on the image and press “Delete”
• Exporting images
• to make complex adjustments to the image, or
• to save it for use in another document,
• to export directly from the document, Right-click on the image. Choose
Save to open the Image Export dialog.
• Depending on the original format of the image, Writer will let you save
the picture in many different formats.
• Give a name to the image, select the desired image format in the Filter
list, and click Save.

52
 Delete, export and compressing images
• Compressing images
• Resize large images to fit into the
layout of the page.
• Right-click on the image and choose
Compress.
• Calculate button updates the image
information.
• set each parameter as desire and
Click OK to apply the compression.

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 Positioning images within text
• Position inserted images with respect to the text and other images
• Positioning an image is controlled by four settings:
• Arrangement: the placement of an image on an imaginary vertical axis.
Arrangement controls how images are stacked upon each other or relative to
the text.
• Alignment: the vertical or horizontal placement of an image in relation to the
chosen anchor point.
• Anchoring: the reference point for the images. This point could be the page,
or frame where the object is, a paragraph, or even a character. An image
always has an anchor point.
• Text wrapping: the relation of images to the surrounding text, which may
wrap around the graphic on one or both sides, be overprinted behind or in
front of the graphic, or treat the graphic as a separate paragraph or character.
54
 Arranging images
• Determine its position relative to other images or text.
• Relevant only when objects are overlapping.
• Bring to Front
• Places the image on top of any other images or text.
• Forward One
• Brings the image one level up in the stack. Depending on the number of overlapping
objects,
• Back One
• Sends the image one level down in the object stack.
• Send to Back
• Sends the image to the bottom of the stack.
• To Background / To Foreground
• Only available for drawing objects; moves the drawing object behind or in front of the
text respectively.

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 Anchoring images
• Anchor images as a character or to a page, paragraph, or
character / place images in a frame and anchor the frame to a
page, paragraph, or character.
• To Page: keeps the same position in relation to the page margins. It
does not move as you add or delete text or other images.
• To Paragraph: Associated with a paragraph and moves with the
paragraph
• To Character: Associated with a character but is not in the text
sequence
• As Character: Placed in the document like any other character and,
affects the height of the text line and the line break
• To Frame: Placed in a frame, can anchor the graphic in a fixed position
inside the frame. 56
 Wrapping text around images
• Determines the relation between the text and
the graphic.
• No Wrap: The text is placed above and below the
image but not to either side of it.
• Page Wrap or Optimal Page Wrap: The text
flows around the image. Optimal Page Wrap
prevents text from being placed to the side of the
image if the spacing between the image and the
margin is less than 2 cm.
• Wrap Through: Superimposes the image on the
text. That is, the image is in front of the text.
• In Background: The image is placed behind the
text.

57
 Activity
Create a document in LibreOffice Writer to get the below
preview.

58
 Captioning images
• Add captions to images. One can caption
images
• automatically,
• by using the Caption dialog, or
• manually
• To set up automatic captions,
• choose Tools > Options > LibreOffice
Writer > AutoCaption

59
 Captioning images
• Adding captions using
the Caption dialog
• Insert the graphic, right-
click on it and select
Insert Caption or
• select it and choose
Insert > Caption.

60
 Captioning images
Numbering images by
chapter

61
 Using Fontwork
• Create graphical text art objects to
make your work more attractive.
• Creating a Fontwork object
• Insert > FontWork from the Menu bar or,
• click the Fontwork Gallery icon on the
Fontwork toolbar
(View>Toolbars>Fontwork) or the
Drawing toolbar
(View>Toolbars>Drawing).

Activity: Add a Fontwork and apply

different formatting options to make it
more attractive.
62
 Working with Tables
• Tables are a useful way to organize and present large
amounts of information.
e.g.
• Technical, financial, or statistical reports.
• Product catalogs showing descriptions, prices, characteristics,
and photographs of products.
• Bills or invoices.
• Lists of names with address, age, profession, and other infor
• For more information on
• Basic table operations [Ref 5: Pg. (278-290),(297-300)]
• Formatting tables [Ref 5: Pg. (291-293)]
• Data entry and manipulation in tables [Ref 5: Pg. (294 – 296)]

63
 Activity
• Insert the table shown below.
• Format the table.
• Insert formulae to calculate the “total” and the “average” in each row.

64
Organizing and Structuring
the Document

65
 Table of Content To Insert a Table of Contents
(TOC) • Click in your document where you want to
create the table of contents.
• Build an automated table of • Choose Insert - Indexes and Tables - Indexes
contents (TOC) from the and Tables, and then click the Index/Table tab.
headings in a document. • Select "Table of Contents" in the Type box.
• Changes made to the text • Select any options that you want.
of a heading in the body of • Click OK.
the document or the page
on which the heading To Update a Table of Contents
appears, will change • Right-click in the table of contents and
automatically in the table of choose Update Index/Table.
contents once updated. • OR
• Choose Tools - Update - All Indexes and Tables.
For more information: Refer Ref 5: Pg. (324 - 333)
66
 Alphabetical Index
• A list of keywords or phrases used throughout a document.
• Listed in order with page numbers, to help the reader to find
information quickly.
• The alphabetical index is found in the back of a book or document.
• You should know how to:
• Add index entries manually.
• Use a concordance file.
• Create an alphabetic index quickly.
• Customize the display of index entries.
• Customize the appearance of the index.
• View and edit existing index entries.
For more information: Refer Ref 5: Pg. (334 - 342) 67
 Other types of indexes
• Other types of indexes include
• Index of illustrations,
• Index of tables, and To Insert a Table of Contents
• Index of objects, OR • Place the cursor where you want the
• user-defined index index to be created.
• Select Insert > Table of Contents and
Index > Table of Contents, Index or
Bibliography
• On the Table of Contents, Index or
Bibliography dialog, in the Type drop-
down list, select the corresponding index.
• Select or modify the appropriate.
• Select OK .

68
 Bibliographies
• A list of references used in a • There are five main references
styles
document. • APA (American Psychological
Association): Psychology, education,
• The references can be stored and other social sciences.
in • MLA (Modern Languages
Association): Literature, art, and
• a bibliographic database or humanities.
• within the document. • Chicago: History and specific
publications.
• Before creating a list of • Turabian: A variation of the Chicago
style for general use by university
references, determine which students.
citation style you need for a • AMA (American Medical
Association): Medicine, Health, and
document. Biology.

69
 Columns in Page Layout
• Columns help break up the layout
of a page full of text.
• Columns can be formatted using
different options.

70
 Activity
• Format the document to get the following using LibreOffice
Writer.

71
 Sections
• A section is a block of text that has special attributes and
formatting.
• Sections can be used to:
• Write-protect text.
• Hide text.
• Dynamically insert the contents of another document.
• Add columns, margin indents, a background color, or a background
graphic to a portion of the document.
• Customize the footnotes and endnotes for a portion of the document.

72
 Sections
• To create sections,
• Place the cursor at the point in
the document where you want
to insert the new section Or,
select the text that you want to
place in the new section.
• From the Menu bar, choose
Insert > Section.
• Choose settings for each page
of the dialog as required.
• Click Insert.

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 Sections
The Insert Section dialog has five tabs: • Reset button
• Section tab • at any time before closing the
• sets the section’s attributes. dialog, resets the settings to its
• Columns tab default settings
• formats the section into columns.
• Indents tab • Each section can be
• sets indents from the right and left • Given a name using the name
margins of the section. box
• Background tab • Linked to insert the contents of
• adds color or a graphic to the section’s another document. Whenever
background.
the other document is updated
• Footnotes/Endnotes tab the linked section will be
• customizes the section’s footnotes and
endnotes. updated.

For more information refer to Ref 5: Pg. (132 - 138)

74
 Page Orientation

• A document can contain pages in more

than one orientation.

Portrait Landscape
75
 Page Orientation
Inserting a landscape page into a portrait document
• Position the cursor in the paragraph/
table at the start of the page that is
to be set to landscape.
• Right-click and choose Paragraph or
Table Properties.
• Select the Text Flow tab
• Select Insert (or Break for a table)
and With Page Style.
• Set the Page Style property to
Landscape.
• Click OK to close the dialog and to
apply the new page style.
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Exporting and Emailing

77
 Exporting Documents
• LibreOffice can export documents to
• PDF (Portable Document Format)
File->Export As-> Export as PDF
• ePub - an e-book file format that can be
downloaded and read on devices like smartphones,
tablets, computers, or e-readers
File > Export As > Export as EPUB
• Other Formats
File > Export

78
 Emailing Documents
• Writer document can be e-mailed • File > Send
as attachments in
• .odt (OpenDocument Text, Writer’s
• Select the appropriate
default format), • opens the default e-mail
• .doc(Microsoft Word format), or program (the document is
• .pdf. attached).
• In the e-mail dialogue box,
• enter the recipient, subject,
and any text you want to add
• Click on send to send the e-
mail.

79
 Faxing Documents
• A fax modem and a fax driver is required to send a fax directly
using Writer.
• Open the Print dialog (File > Print) and select the fax driver in the
Printer list.
• Click OK to open the dialog for your fax driver, and select the fax
recipient.

80
Faxing Documents

81
 Digital Signing
• A digital signature is used to validate the authenticity and integrity of a
digital document.
• A personal key, known as a certificate is required to sign a document
digitally.
• A personal key is stored on your computer as a combination of a private
key, which must be kept secret, and a public key, which you add to your
documents when you sign them.
• When a digital signature is applied to a document, a kind of checksum is
computed from the document’s content plus your personal key. The
checksum and your public key are stored together with the document.
• When someone later opens the document on any computer with a recent
version of LibreOffice, the program will compute the checksum again and
compare it with the stored checksum.
• If both are the same, the program will signal that it is the original,
unchanged document.
82
 Digital Signing
• Choose File > Digital Signatures > Digital Signatures.
• If not saved the document, a message box appears. Click Yes to save the file.
• Click Sign Document to add a public key to the document.
• In the Select Certificate dialog, select the certificate and click OK
• The certificate used is displayed in the dialog with an icon (indicates the status of
the digital signature) next to its name.
• An icon with a red seal indicates that the document was signed and the certificate was
validated.
• An icon with a yellow caution triangle overlaying the red seal indicates that the document
is signed but that the certificate could not be validated.
• An icon of a yellow caution triangle indicates an invalid digital signature.
• Click Close to apply the digital signature.
A signed document shows an icon in the status bar. Double-click the icon to view
the certificate.
More than one signature can be added to a document.
83
 Mail merge
[Ref 5: Pg. (301-322)]
• Provide features to create and
print multiple copies of one
item.
• Can be used to
• form letters (a document to
send to a list of recipients),
• mailing labels, labels for
physical file folders, and similar
purposes,
• envelopes,
• invitation cards, etc.

84
 Mail Merge: Step 1
• Tools >Mail Merge Wizard
• Select Starting Document
• Select the appropriate option
• Click “Next”

85
 Mail Merge: Step 2
• Select Document Type
• Letter
• Email Message
• Click Next

86
 Mail Merge: Step 3
Insert Address Block
• Select the Address list from “Select
Different Address Link”
• Can add an existing data source or
• Can create a new data source
• Select the appropriate and Click OK
• Select the appropriate check boxes
and modify as desire.
• Click Next

87
 Mail Merge: Step 4

Create Salutation
• Select the appropriate
check boxes and
modify as desire.
• Click Next

88
 Mail Merge: Step 5

Adjust Layout
• Adjust the layout as required
• Click Finish
Mail merge tool bar will appear in
the document

89
 Mail Merge: Create the document
• Display the registered data sources.
• View > Data sources
• Select the Data Source.
• Create or modify the document/letter.
• Add the mail-merge fields where needed.
• click in the field heading and drag it to the appropriate point in the
letter.
• Print the merged document.
• Click on Print Merged Document in mail merge tool box
• Select the appropriate and click print documents.
• Individual documents can be edited using
• Edit Individual Document
90
Activity

Design this using

LibreOffice Writer
and customize the
admission card to
5 students using
mail merge.

91
Advanced Text Options

92
 Tracking changes to a document
• Keep track of changes made to a
document.
• Open the document.
• Turn on change recording
• Edit >Track Changes > Record
• To protect changes using a password,
• Click Edit > Track Changes > Protect Changes.
• On the Enter Password dialog, type a password
(twice) and click OK.

93
 Tracking changes to a document
Accepting or rejecting changes
• To accept or reject recorded changes, you can use:
• Changes toolbar
• Right-click (context) menu
• Manage Changes dialog
• Manage Changes pane in the Sidebar (experimental)
• Accepting or Rejecting a change
• Accept: incorporates the alteration into the document and removes the
change indication marking.
• Reject: reverts the document to its original state and removes the
change indication marking.
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 Adding Comments
• Using comments
• authors and reviewers can exchange ideas, ask for suggestions, or mark
items needing attention.
• To add comments,
• select the text, or place the cursor in the place the comment refers to,
and choose Insert > Comment or press Ctrl+Alt+C.

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 Using Footnotes and Endnotes
• To insert a footnote or an endnote,
• Keep the cursor where you want the
footnote or endnote marker to appear.
• Select Insert > Footnote and Endnote
from the Menu bar and choose Footnote
or Endnote, or
• click the Insert Footnote or Insert
Endnote button on the Standard toolbar.

Activity: What is the difference

between a Footnote and an EndNote?
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 Linking to another part of a document
Hyperlinks Cross-references
Ctrl+click on the link will take directly to the cross-referenced item.
There are two types
of Links Does not automatically update if you
change the text of the linked item.
Changed text will automatically update

• hyperlinks and Do not have a choice of the content of A cross-reference, includes several
• cross-references the link (for example text or page
number)
choices, including bookmarks

Need to use the Hyperlink dialog to Figures with captions automatically

modify the visible text show useful text
For more information refer to Hyperlinks remain active when the Cross references will get deactivated
Ref 5: Pg. (70 - 80) document is saved to HTML. when it is saved to HTML.

Both remain active when the document is exported to PDF.

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 Summary
Following topics were covered during this lecture,
• Introduction to Word Processing
• Getting Familiarize with the working environment
• Typing a simple document
• Formatting Documents
• Working with styles and templates
• Working with Graphics and objects
• Working with Tables
• Organizing and Structuring the document
• Exporting and Emailing
• Mail Merge
• Advanced Text options
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Next Section
Spreadsheet for Calculations

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