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DLD Lab

This document introduces the equipment and components used to verify the operation of basic logic gates. It describes the logic gates - AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, and XOR - explaining their truth tables and functions. The procedure involves placing integrated circuits on a breadboard, connecting power and inputs/outputs, and using a voltmeter to complete the truth tables by observing voltages for different switch positions. The results show the successful verification of truth tables for each logic gate through experimentation.

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Salman Khan
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
23 views

DLD Lab

This document introduces the equipment and components used to verify the operation of basic logic gates. It describes the logic gates - AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, and XOR - explaining their truth tables and functions. The procedure involves placing integrated circuits on a breadboard, connecting power and inputs/outputs, and using a voltmeter to complete the truth tables by observing voltages for different switch positions. The results show the successful verification of truth tables for each logic gate through experimentation.

Uploaded by

Salman Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduc)on to Lab Equipment and verifica)on of basic logic gates

Equipment’s :
• Trainer/proto board
• Wire cu1er/stripper
• Voltmeter
• Patch cords
• Integrated Circuits (ICs) represen=ng different logic gates: AND gate (IC 7408), OR gate (IC
7432), NOT gate (IC 7404), NAND gate (IC 7400), NOR gate (IC 7402), XOR gate (IC 7486).
Theory:
Logic gates are fundamental building blocks of digital circuits, responsible for performing logical
opera6ons on binary inputs to produce a binary output. They are based on Boolean algebra, which deals
with variables that can take on two values: true (1) or false (0).

Explana'on of Different Types of Logic Gates:


1. AND Gate: The AND gate performs logical mul=plica=on, where the output is high (1) only
if all input signals are high (1).
• Performs logical mul=plica=on (AND func=on).
• Output is high only when all inputs are high.
• Output is low if any input is low.
• Its truth table is as follows:
Input A Input B Output
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1

2. OR Gate: The OR gate performs logical addi=on, where the output is high (1) if any input
signal is high (1).

• Performs logical addi=on (OR func=on).

• Output is high if any input is high.

• Output is low only when all inputs are low.

• Its truth table is as follows:


Input A Input B Output
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1

3. NOT Gate (Inverter): The NOT gate, also known as an inverter, produces the
complement of its input signal.

• Also known as an inverter.

• Output is the opposite of the input.

• High input results in low output, and vice versa.

• Its truth table is as follows:


Input A Output
0 1
1 0

4. NAND Gate: The NAND gate is a combina=on of an AND gate followed by a NOT gate. It
produces the complement of the AND opera=on.

• Combina=on of AND and NOT gates.

• Output is low only when all inputs are high.

• Output is high for any other combina=on of inputs.

• Its truth table is as follows:


Input A Input B Output
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0

5. NOR Gate: The NOR gate is a combina=on of an OR gate followed by a NOT gate. It
produces the complement of the OR opera=on.
• Combina=on of OR and NOT gates.
• Output is high only when all inputs are low.
• Output is low if any input is high.
• Its truth table is as follows:
Input A Input B Output
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0

6. XOR Gate: The XOR gate, or exclusive OR gate, produces a high output (1) only if the
number of high inputs is odd.

• Exclusive OR gate.

• Output is high if inputs are different.

• Output is low if inputs are the same.

• Its truth table is as follows:


Input A Input B Output
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
These logic gates form the basis of digital circuit design and are essen=al components in the field
of electrical engineering.

Logic gates are fundamental components in digital electronics, each with specific logical
func=ons. They have one or more inputs and a single output.

Procedure:
1. Prepara:on: We Placed the required ICs on the breadboard, ensuring they are seated
firmly.

2. Power Connec:on: Then we Connected Vcc (5V) to pin 14 and Ground to pin 7 of each
IC.

3. Circuit Setup: Connected inputs and outputs of the gates to switches and LEDs
according to the given pin layout of the ICs.

4. Switch On: Ac=vated the circuit and complete the truth tables by observing input and
output voltages using a voltmeter.

5. Data Collec:on: then Record input and output voltages for different switch posi=ons
to complete the truth tables.
6. Repeat: and Repeat the steps for each type of logic gate (AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR,
XOR).
7.

Results:
• Comple=on of truth tables for each logic gate, showing the rela=onship between input
and output voltages.
• Observa=on of logic gate behavior in response to different input combina=ons.

Conclusion:
• Successful verifica=on of truth tables for various logic gates using integrated circuits.
• Consolida=on of understanding regarding the behavior and opera=on of basic logic gates.
• Prac=cal applica=on of theore=cal knowledge in construc=ng and tes=ng logic circuits.
This structured approach allowed for hands-on learning and reinforced theore=cal concepts
related to logic gates and their opera=ons.

THE END

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