NAME: BABALOLA COVENANT

CLASS: SS 2 JOY
SUBJECT: BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
TOPIC: TILE AND TILING
DATE: 28/2/2024
TILE
A tile is a flat or curved piece of fired clay, stone, or concrete used especially for roofs,
floors, or walls and often for ornamental work.
TYPES OF TILES
 EARTHENWARE / TERRACOTTA TILES: These tiles comprise of fired or baked tiles made
from mud, clay and earth (soil). They are quite porous in nature and are often used
indoors.
 WOODEN TILES: These are made from original (raw) wood, manufactured ply boards,
artificial wood, etc. they are used for all kinds of ceilings, floors, claddings.
 CEMENT / CONCRETE TILES: These are the tiles that are made from cement mortar
and /or cement concrete along with certain admixtures, coloring agents and patterns.
The most commonly used cement tiles are the checkered and pattern tiles that are used
to furnish open public places like walkways, parking, driveways etc. These tiles are used
for heavy public areas due to their ruggedness.
 CERAMIC TILES: These are made out of the combination of sand, gypsum and shale.
These three items form into clay. Bisque is utilized in order to shape clay. The higher the
temperature in the bisque, the more durable the output will be. Since the output is kind
of porous, glazing is usually needed. The glaze adds up to the beauty of the output.
From there, the ceramic tile is formed into different shapes and colours.
 QUARRY TILES: This type of tile is made of materials from quarrying operations eg
mining and excavation. This is the reason for its name. With the conventional technique
in producing quarry tiles, there are three processes involved namely cutting, grinding
and polishing. Nowadays, manufacturers make use of the extrusion method to process a
glasslike material that turns out to be as hard as stone. This type of tile is highly
favorable as flooring materials but generally not preferred for kitchen countertops or
any other surfaces where food preparation is being done to avoid stains.
 STONE TILES: Most stone tiles are made out of granite. Therefore a lot of manufacturers
sell these materials as granite tiles. These materials have been given much recognition
in the market. The cognisance (awareness) extended to the tiles was not enough to
 overlook its disadvantages. It is porous thus it needs polishing from time to time. It
cracks easily and cannot withstand high temperature. Despite all these however, natural
stone stands out to be a good choice. Because natural stone is variegated - meaning it
has different color patches - these tiles have the capability to provide distinctive look to
your home.
 INSULATING / ANTI-STATIC TILES: These tiles are made with composite sound proofing
compounds like asbestos, gypsum, mineral wool boards, PVC, rubber, etc. and are
usually used to insulate closed spaces from intruding sounds & heat. Such tiles are used
as false ceilings, partition panels, in-fills, and even under floors.
 WOODEN TILES: These are made out of original (raw) wood, manufactured ply boards,
artificial wood, etc. and are used for all kind of ceilings, floors, claddings, etc.
 METAL TILES: Again as the name suggests, these are the tiles made from metals, alloys
and/or composite materials like colored aluminum tiles, galvanized iron sheet tiles,
stainless steel tiles, etc. These tiles are either snap-fit type or are riveted or tack welded
to the parent frame. These are mostly used as decorativecum-functional false ceilings
and wall claddings.
 PORCELAIN TILES: These are the tiles that are made by artificially processing of special
porcelain mud/ clay along with minerals like quartz, feldspar and other fluxes under very
high pressure and heat. These tiles are very less porous as well as sturdy (well built)due
to which these are used in external surfaces also.
 GLASS TILES: Glass tiles are pieces of glass formed into consistent shapes. Since the
1990s a variety of modern glass tile technologies, including methods to take used glass
and recreate it as „green‟ tiles, has resulted in a resurgence of interest in glass tile as a
floor and wall cladding. It is now commonly used in kitchens, spas, and bathrooms. Small
tiles are still popular but large format glass products are now commonly formed using
cast and fused glass methods. The plasticity of these last two methods has resulted in a
wide variety of looks and applications, including floor tiles.

ADVANTAGES OF TILE
 Low maintenance.
 Easy cleaning.
 Affordable.
 Durability.
 Environmentally friendly.
 Air quality.
 Water resistance.
 Durable.
 Stain resistance.
 Scratch resistance.
 Versatile.
 Sustainability.
DISADVANTAGES OF TILES
 Can be slippery when wet.
 Cost
 Installation challenges
 Cold.
 Prone to crack.
 Requires specific tools.
 More difficult to repair.

TILING
Tiling can be defined as the application of tiles to cover a surface. Tiling is used as a
method to get aesthetic appearance and its is also durable and easy.
Before starting the tiling work the following should be completed:
 Apply paint first coat
 Fixing ceiling grids
 Complete the plumbing work
TOOLS USED IN TILING
1. TILE CUTTER: Tile cutter is used to cut the tile pieces for relevant areas.
2. GRINDER: Grinderies are used to grind the tile edges and cut the pieces.
3. RUBBER HAMMER AND SPIRIT-LEVEL: Leveling the tile and, to fixed to the better
way
4. SCRAPER: To apply mortar in the tile bed and tile.

ADVANTAGES OF USING TILING

 Stain resistance.
 Water proofing.
 Crack resistance.
 Dirt resistance.
 Easy water clean up.
 Suitable for indoor and outdoor work.
 Anti fungus
HAZARDS OF TILING
 Sharp power tools, including electrical saws.
 Potential for asbestos fibres in floor tiles.
 Inhalation of solvents, gasses, and other chemicals.
 Manual handling and working at heights.
 Awkward working positions which could contribute towards poor
posture.

TILING PROCEDURES
1. Mark the tile bed level on the concrete slab.
2. According to that 1:3 cement sand tile was done on the concrete
slab.
3. 5mm spacing are to be kept between tiles.
4. Use spirit level to check the horizontality.
5. Use rubber hammer to fix tiles.
6. Use polymer modified hydraulic cement grout in the spacing.
7. Use rubber float to apply the grout into the joints and to remove
the excess grout from the surface of tiles.
8. After 24hours use a soft dry cloth was used to clean up the
grout haze.
GROUTING
The grout is mixed with water to get a thick foam which will then
be applied around all the joints and empress firmly into the
gaps. Excess grout should be wiped out with the sponge or
cloth. The floor is then left to harden grout for 34hrs before
walking on the surface.

NOTE: The correct tools for tiling must be used to obtain good
result