1 De Machines Consttuclion and Principle : Ftame | Yolee cr fee she A Sun citine Com motalet- rmberpole a) Field System: It consicts atts : Field System of Yoke IFeame: Tt protects entire machine f20m moisture » dust ef. And efter mechanical Avppat & machine 1s fel. Com: Tt contains frelel eoindings whics wohen enesgised , Pole produces magordte flux. ‘5 fele shoe: thete aro Used 20 Aproad the flux Uniformly Over armadurs, Ls Field wimelings ; Cu ‘imelimes ae Weunded across pales 40 that en em isi, md > Mogmetic flux cam be established. “tb) A . . Aamatus : It is Aotading poset ef de mach achine and its pLrpose is to telat the Conductor im vmiferm mogmene field, The armature Winding i$ Uded te Connect Asmatire e Conductou . Theta Aes twee tybes 4 aumalute Lomas : > Lap twinding : Im His, the end af one Col is, connected te, the — Atast' ef Adjacent ceil u7der same poh Ort ig bnewn as Lap: winding as Auccessive Coils evertap each ether. Im this, ms. ef Parallel paths is equal Ho mo ef peter. na [rT Comm otates deg ment fap winding Ly wave coimelieg : In this, enc af ene cork is ieee starting of z+ is alse brewn 4s In this, me. 4 poxallel anether coil. Reries wimdi pots to & Cemmutator deyment wave windingc) Commutates: Tr is a Aetatiog Awiteh not period calty Sovertset the Cuoomt between aumadiue and external Circuit. OG) Bscushes : The function ef Grben bSrthos is te Collect the Curtomt fxem commutator And supply iF te the Crternal oad citewit. Primerple ef Oc Machime De Generators It works on the primciple g Faraday Dow ef Electo - magmelic Trcluction . When o Conductor is placed im i etre ' pdac ” varying mag fidd , om ENF ges imduced within tHe Cerductor. De Neto: Tt Werks en the principle of Lewntz 4 . The Cursomd — Carrying Conduclar placed im mognehe and electuc frtld &xpe- Sueno Oo fore .Ene Sqpetion During one revolution of anal Gemesator , flux cut by fone. Conder’ 2) etc pevelutions Pp new, flux ud by each conductor JAec. = Pd x be E ony. gw 60 Erotal > Fox: * me. of conductors | Parallel et, Gon As LZ is conttant GOR ZN Ea §N 1 Ore E wg . Ws 60 genustet => Generated ENP, & 2) Back [counts ENF, The The emf gemasded in emf generale in mol Ve applied VollogeIn Torque equation Of Netor Pewer developed = Tew = (2a) 60 Also, mechanical Powe develop eol ‘y con Qe moins = Ey To Te ww = bg ve Te (22) > Exda 60 Te = _ Evite Xe) N Ps € = Pine Gon A Ae elecbro magnetic terete E,- hack emf To = Otmatte Cortsombl= Type of ae Generator [Meter a) Separately Excited De Generator A de qeracter Choe Reeostat field Loi ding is excited | ay, es I eB diom an independant ve fied | a external de toute Auch | as Bottery is known as Aeparately excited de Geneater.. he Power oleveloped P, 2 Power dlelivasd te Joel Sehonstily excrtad De Metal The atmatute and field oo Rec outat ais fed from different +8 Ce) uu Ao ee Apply douteu, ony 1 : : - mechanical power developed P= Power olkoun from Aubbly mounsb) Self excited De Generators Jnotor A de gem eration [motor Whore field aa Is excited by the Curent — Auppihiec! bap tha. gereratar self, is called Act} -excitad (ermal, * Series Wound genessitet: The fickd us inching is Connected im Sever with oxmatuu coindirg + Tse Ve Eg - Ja Rat bse) Ta -Ise2Tp=7 fe Eg ee we Sesiea Ww ee . V2 Ey + La (Pot Au) Ded Ta =Tse> T,-2 a Pm = Ext Poevge LS Skunt wound generator: the field cond is Comedted im Prralfel “cuit ee w ienching + se oe ieVi Ey ta ba Ta = Fao Fst) Tsn7 2 Pn? Ente Pav 5 Compound Weund Generals . © Sher Abunt: Field wind is Cenneded i'n Posallel with camatwe Abunt Fredd oe is cormected im Posabted with aimatuat and over cinching. Te Ve fy - Tolls + Re) Ne ai = Ta ka-Tee bee Tar L+Tou Tq>Tse= Tr+Tse > Eq I fy > & Ale VE, > VAT se Roe ShCom pound qoreriton aw alis of the two fyfees 4 Cumulative Compound Wound : In ths, teves + field assists “the Ahumt field Ly Diffeniliol Compound wound: In tris, Acar ex field epposs the hunt field. Com peund wound de metov : Ls Cumulative Compeund wdaundl - §. Who is the function of Commuilalor ? ts It provides clecttical Conne chiom between armatins ond external circuit Tt Performs A wottclung action py Asvewiog He electrical Connection. §). How con clitection ef rotation be Charygel t Tt can be aoyerted by Yovyertsi ie Gan dteough — ithe Qa mature coi meling oF field cine5. Application Gf oc notou a) Oc Aevies meter ! Net véed On Light Load as motor tends +46 attain damgorotutly high Apeed, Tt is vdsol im: Vacuum choamets , Sewing machines, Caames, t volly Coss , Converpers , Chevatou ek. b) DC Aunt motes : Zt is Constant Apeod motor. I+ is Used im: cy Foms, blower, machine tool, Centrifugal pomp pimting prorkor , A pining and (9 eving Machine. Compound weund meter: Diferomial Compound : poor toys chosockruistics . Camuboctine Compound: Uded in Roll mills lifts, mime - fugists nome) aund Aheating machine, LAcd clue te ,6 Lop usiocli Ling, om J / wave usinding . Az2 6. ge . Songs (resp —@ 2: me: 06 slots x mo OF cold aides 1 N0+0F fuss . 22 2x ne-oF Muinds, » @_Pr_= Nero k Lamps K Reel watt of each lamp + al genes =a © hen ; | VE eb + Da C Ray Re) 4 Vb D mutow OPS ‘| Eolas Use ‘ Ve €g=3a fa = Ve] hen. “| __- dw coord Taste 4 D sh, Ot Shunt ees Ta, eae Fe ce———— ee Calesale no: of conductors O adhe meso6. dai SShaving +wo coll sides and each sicle hay 2 fusing (1) Dov oF \Qaymabie tus i's 450 - (Oz: 6sxax2 = 260 ; | oy IG) z= 2% %ro2 goo O-' Caluloke the emf gentnaled Bi 4 Pole_waiee sound —- qentndle shining sivty «Rhee: sleds uth 12 condudiat par slole + shan riven ad iden: sepm + Tho Cluxe per_| _pole 's oorwh J Glen, p24 i Aso ee |__6 F vlots, Dt | Ze 68 x40 | = 120 N= 120% O= 0:02 uh : | | 1s fq: fone s+ or0 2 Rises x RO ! 2 | COR Xe 1 F_D02 KID evo Se een Se Geet ane Age = Gy ve aot o | I Flux O04 udh oy A ole ator Uishith won Qrumerkire” cond uctton ee a t emF produ ted if tho Machine is way. wound [aed mito _1220 Ym shat mt be ate seve al | cokich the mashing REN Jo s iT and Lopwound teoo Sg = VPN2 vs wood WIFE MOD COA eax ie 4O KYO x O04 — TOR sexy eS 7 | = 6YOV i Leg = OP GNZ BD SYS F SRO UA TW USO Gon ‘ ‘ COxw _ BHO XG OOYUKUOXN | No G4OX 6 s 3BUOQ 2 2¢ooxpm. j ; ~ MOK OWOY re nay i An. & pale .ucd volt chunbimotors haz: 960 ware connected) ceonmatkanes conductors. ~The coimobwe current | I — lig fo A -eund = bherse pee pole. ig igxop sdb » The —__lanmotures tregictancie J's 8:1 and contack drop is | | 1¥/ brush? Caboubote Hie speod ' of that motos - E fost I > Gren ~2e A22 I | vet IDV L —_|| Zr 960 \ —_|| Tasvoa eer Rens ee . L| we know Hdl | Kb Phwz 1 60A | Nez 6o0AxEb edz | foe shund Mote, | : Ve@b 1 Ta a vb | C6 = V-TaRa-vb = NOD —Yoxo| ~2 I = ¥oo 7-2 | = Uw-6 | 2394. [LL wow, We Goxnk 394 ; anes | ? 2XO-OUX9CO | weirs EX UQZVBOs x 2 I ee { +364. 8\ yom - g. Ay pole chasm. Generator ' usith: Dow connected » | aa madan Yond Geld Nas the wetistante of ot Lond son: 5p 4 ’ A foad fov_\oov- aes tats cureren} and genmoted'- § ME Congidlir contac k.da p 1V |(2_buulh » tL 2 aren, Az Ps 4 [ P2y | Raton | she Son ap tov : — | Fe eee alSte. Kaeo Meu, 1s Pomshund, got : [fat L422 3A Mi %g - Ba Ra-vb ‘ \ g= Na Da Ratvub Vs: = (60+ Bolt 2 Stovti oo. [eg = (02-e8v| & dn 2 Pale Leryn p uoand OC a aes Thal Ys asmatune tunns +P opendes cof 10.0% wb pet Pol 2 and nenk cb (ro an ~Cobeadeide. thaiem € induce init: (SSBF pm NZ 2 OWRD A UD.AIGS + 1800 -e6 CHR Gq— === SSS A250 vol} de shunt Motos takes YEA oF fy” oad The resist once oF the asimatune and Field” _biocling, rane_O' lm and 250% woapectively. find” Lng batk emf on Full loads ushak xsi! be ty ——quanatediemé. fF wosking as a_genoiotrs ang _dupplying 41 A +0 the ead of nov: *) Given, versov I pel oo l Tas wa "} Raz ody > Me Lshz rou Shug} Motor Vz Ebs Da Ra tbo. , Rb? VETARQ = so — Wut xo) | [ah ® 2455) Genenatod emp Mf 5 1g wen soup Uixed) aN TT Eg 5 2S iv Vaan L Ve £9 - Pacha Hs Bo os &e vitora .. p___ 83d tmduction Motor 4. Cain ciple ond Cons Luuclion [ruclion o) Construction | a 3d rH alco cabled asynch- senour motor og it coer mot Sun ot dymchsonous Apeed. EE mainly Cansists of 2 \ Ls Stator: Tr is the Ata tionary post of IN. Te vs made ef Ajgh grade t attey Atecl Dooimations 28 Aaduca —ecely Custard Lesccs. Tr has this main posts: . Gutta frome: Udeol to Auppert ttater cou and protect imnesd posts of machine. * Stocker Core : UdAed to Cassy alternating megnebic field colich produces fipetosatis amd Ly Cudtont Sesses. The -Atampi is fixed to Atoctie. frame towing lets On immer Aicle of Atamping . + Stoker winding: Stator Guy 4 34 ag winding eithar im stat Frame er im dalla . Alet StampryLy Rotor: Reiter is built ef Hin Lomimattiont gf ter Aame material as slates . “Theto Qa too he of pote! Tm: * Squissel Cage + Tt Consists of Caphindical Cow at eitler §— periphaty, Each Alet Contain am unimsollected bar Condluctors wren axe Ahevt - clacceited by end sing. h cwing Alets the soter concluctters Afoft — buck Abg ht Akauweol becarre : EX Tr Kacktwcos fumming moice im umifor forge ax. met farallel tw Dre Sosults & Redurcos locke benclemey ) IFmereaies ote. sistance Advan 1 Tr is chaaper 9. Construction is xobut /dimple. 3. Less maintenance 4. High Pewer factor 5 Effi dene ts Rap hat. 5.© Shp sing) Phase Phare ©@umd: The lip himgs as mountid on the Ahoft with Srsuhes Asshing en them. The bkiuthes are Connecttd +o thre Variable Aatiston. The puspete : & Tr imcrooitt Aten forge ond docromtes Aka rtiny Cato - J Soristors Sena tne follasing 2 Sp at A a b) Princip ef 29 EN: Tt weres en the bsimcipe ¢ elecbuomegmet imcluction. when 34 ac upp gue? the Atater, Sotodi m ‘Leu 4 CRMF) ) piocluced on id, “the atoHeny eter Conclucto oF He Rotakiey magnetic field of stator and8. & du 46 ele chromagmede imduclion , emp ges imduced in veto. Concuctes . This im voter Concluctos . AS Current flows , phx is duueloped. New, the hoe fluxes imberach with each ether , On One end of he lencluchor, Payer cancel @ach efter anol en ethar end, dhmsi oh ok d e dux is vety 2agh Thos, high oral flu x trie te push cenducter teeoards Lew dlonsity flux Jagion Ths phenemensn imaduices emp imcuces Curgent Rnewn as ele dremagmetic tore. thus, rete. Atort pestaling. 2 (=) {Statet Aopply KR] Shape The Apeed at wstich RE Sums is Called Aymehtensus Apeed No. Pe -nio-@? poles 4e Aub ply fepeency Ng Aymchsencut dpe The rotor always Alips way the Aymchrenrsus Apeed ~. TIM is alse known as Atynchtonous metior . Ww Soto. MNeustr hums Of at Msg Tho Ny = Ne , me fallatiuc meton Sccurs Ag me emi rs imoluced Gnd ne tery ts preduced.sb qhe differonce bedweem Apeed of Atalor freld (ngs and Octal peed Of voter (Wr) is Rinown as Alip. slib can be expaetiod in xpm or in roolian} Ase bot vauabty ik is expressel os a froction er 7 Gf Ab, Ss]. = Ns=N y Joo Ns Fasquamcy of rater Curson | emp At stomdatill, f= fe when veto. seth , fy olepends on s bp Ng - Ny = 10 fr 3 @ e Ns = et 2 € Divide ey O by © des 4 fy = of fee vyeter Pagpomey Aubbly ppena]Rorter “Toke SS Tess deuelepecl by Jato. clebends en: & Rotor Cuttond , D2 b Stator flux /Pele , Qa Ls Power factor of reter Cord, At Atandat Lt » Ero qd, Tw & 7, cad, tT. ce ced, Q) Tesqus bardos Surin Condition I, = _S€2 ond coda = R TR SP Saeco Te eel SEn (ee _ RAAB Tam) by Standing aga At pak Tst KRE RE + Py?c c : / Y conelition fos Maximum Rorming Torque a ras “4 £l KS EF Re | _. ds L @rsy? (@.? + stys)* 2 (Re +s? x2) ye ee Ue REF) [Me Tmax a Ro+ er H. Torque -Alip and Tore - Apeed Ceerves Toye diveloped, Tos Ks 6* Ry*+s?y,> aed S2 Ne-Ny NG) ANS es ae: T=0 i) when Apeed is SX. 20 Rp > Torque Alip charachuche Atarty from oun. meat 18 Ne Slip ts very Low Ae “f R iS contband => Tore abip curue is Abatyns dine, M™ Rs Sheed olxeps with Alip imeeatot end # Smay = £ 1 Torque is Tks (Medeate jm oad, Jaachos its maximum value max. alse called breakdown 62 Pull out torque, Rp ze s 2 fe v2 =e aS > Torque Alb cave keachel iv) if Xe = Contlerd its max. value wih furcther olueh in Apeed , Ali imcroates bestend tre point fF maximum tere anol Tergus begins te clocteate . Ase oe Acotult, Mmeétet Alews down anol exertually Atebe, => Teique ALib Curve stark dlectaatiny. a Neclivm rotor reListance ale eT om a Srwsistene se Medium Os Vv rotor resistang Supe Ns, Speed > Torque -Aup Cudue Torque - Apeed Curi IN 5 Aphlicction of st 20 a) Squistel Cage EM: Ls Jothe machine Ly Grind machine Ls Proasi machina 4 Fleus mills b) Slip hing | toeund 1H: Ly Steel mills 4 Life Ly Canes Ly Hoistsawh er ee Fi Nes ot J. rp Pe g.| S% = NS-Nv yIoo r Ns 78) Ne = U-S)Ns 4s || Sire oh aai-al gi | A 3.4 pole ,soHz induction motor i faving Ha EMF induced Fouquincy in We stotor of 15.5H2 dir mint Ht Li'b and Hu Speed ot ti whit x motor {h _ sunning ¥o_= 15-5H2 ¥ = SoHz bE Poy ¥e_= Sf Seg 2 5:5 § 50 S$=20+3) Eb Nw = Ci-S)Ng 1 Ng 5 120XBo = | 5e0xpm y Nes (1- 0°31D% I500 [Ne = L035 sip Afi 5, 6 Pole, Sona, mduction motes LIM] hod slibof [iv at no load:|and gy. Full load colculote | Suchyonous Bpeed. Ciiji No Mood sbeed | iid)” Pudl toad speed uv) | Feaquiney. of sotor Cusou rt of Foaguiney of Rotor cwwart and stand Fall loada) Hex . be 6 Lb F = 50hz So_z Ih = 0-04 j | Sp_= 3 = 0+03 ; a N= 120F - i ® = \20%50_ 6 | Ys \Yo00'etpm ails CN) rol = Go gyNg banda att | = Cl-0:01) x loa0 {| = 490 xpm : ci) | Nee = Ci- Sp) Ng \ 7 | =(1~ 0:03) 1600 : 240 sthm 7 | a. Cy Fee a = 0:03%50 = IeSho > Ww |S seed ap ET { Sel a ETT Fr oSh : 2 AXS0 = Soy, yer * (3P 5 Sotie. jrdieHon aa Motor hod le les, A opect- ook a BNb OE Sh cltermiy Peles and opost th Speed’ of botnr Wied) bhoder LGD Batqune tata. j ne id wet Fs fou theese p Coden Cit) Speed ’ Mast Hi WoLg Induction Meter Pumeple of 16 EM then IQ ac Aubby is given to 1) ae altexrmak and pubboting field ges develeped , The field builds up im @ne clivectren , foulls tH ZoHxoO And then builds up im Eppesite divechier thus, the xeter dew mot ota and id In is met elf tasting. The feculim Behavior ef If TM rs analysed by Couble Reveluiny Field tasty cxess field thoy, According bo clowwh fl de veluing fielel thoy , bulsoking field produced im I) TA Com be Kesolued into two Components af faly its arpiiude ond sotating im opposite olisections with aynchsonous Apeed . The Alip of rotor wort forward Lelatinn fel F Sp > Ns-Ny “Ns eSThe Alib of kotor Wat. backward Seo bbing field &,. Su = Ns- C75) Ns Sy = QNs - CNs- Ne) Ns Ns dlovalepecl 6 vet torque dlevelefed S20 days davelopesl by Togs stb caw of Qgrhors field luhen rotor is » two torque produced Ax esol omd ebposite . Hence , as Stomdlatill , met Taye =o, §. Whot is the differomce between Aynchvonous one vodeorma tat a ‘ b Symchxonour Meter Asymehsenou [Tneuetion Matar ConTrallecl NO Apecsl Contiol i's Speed Com be pocsibl: Hote —Compl'caleo! Simple and fess ceoutly and mew Cosby 3. VArd for Subblys mechanical toad and Useel for hitting mcdarical powes fotos imprevemel a eek,Nethods Of Atorting and Types of If) IN ——— CG o a) Resistance dtoat [split phate TM Stator u Ll. Nain coin diag ‘ i —. Phy I. Tin Avxi | Aewwrdlaty Loi mek a @ Cembrifujal Awiteh ts lew Sesistanca and higa X_ Gf main ey b high vesistamce and few X. of Atonting taircling 4S In and Ts fave phase dlisplocement oy od0°- Bo. S due to pha displacement, Weak RNE gets develaped bot it is Sufficient to Atatt meter. 4 when meter picks vp (45-807 Ne , Centrifugal Awitth Cut out He Ataaing wield. 5 Application : Fer few imerta Loacs Auch os fons , blower, gif buunert, gruindatt et Seiten 7‘5 Tr is clifjeunt frem Ablit phase meliot 98 Coiencling has few mote tusms, its wike and electrolytic Capacitor Consists 0, heavy ’s placed im place ef Jasistor. A By Laing proper value ef capacitor, +he Tate dliffetamta behoeen Lim and Tz iS 30% fr aiveny ene gels cleveloped. ° 5 As meter picks ub (5-B0)/of Xe , Comtrifusat Awitthh Cut ett Moses to inclie. ‘5 Applications: Used for heavy imertia Sooo! Luck GS Xefaigeratton , Cir conditiencs , pumps Compsostors ete. ‘ S Ghaciter Abst Copacite sun IN Statler Moan winding 4 bo Cy Gaelet ic sob Capac CR=d CL Hype Copad far which is Connected Hor G ls TE fas Jum capaci Se \ vin We errata ime cule wi Hy Accoreloiry ; Pease clisplacement between Im & ToS 90% Loineling Ly the conte fuga Awith Cut etch Atatt Capaciter picke OP Gs5-80)/ ef re, Cs as meterby Tt fas advamtas af. continuous Contant bergue and extremely piel in operation. Also, they Aave better efficiency Yhan Capacitor Abat In. Ls Abplications : Often employed in que eperading meter Auch as im feapitals, Abuolios ee. a) Permament Capacitor IM Staller ty Moim twirling od z — tybe capaciter Ase Called Avongle Value Capacitor tur metBi. To dade Judua He Coit of Capaciter dtet Copacita sun meter, Ai le Capacitor i's Lkesl with Ae corclaty cotorcling all time in eferalion ‘4s Apblications; Table fan, Coibiny fom » Keom coolers, Portable tools ek. by brique featuse: Et can be easily averted by external Awileh.4 Ly 49 Ac Aubbly => wt chat flowing Twe = flux develsped — Shacline flux d, and main ue dn "d : qs sags $m and phase dlisblacoment "© Io" Thus = RNF ge dlaveleped . Applications : Ured for Jew Alaa ting tetyuee Auch os im teus , hare ; electric Cocks, fumiclifi et, Progectou , Arrall fan ek:2. at pl 4y x ar 3q Syanchsonous Machine Bimesple of, operation 6] ableynalnr A Aymchiuencus machyne is an ac machine which Aus 8 oF Aymchsuon ous Apecd, the Aymesaenisus generator ig Callad an abjermator. An alternation is on electrical Jenaatia which Convers — mechamical emargy into eloctrreal easy. Tt werks on the principle af Foraday Sosa 6 ele cus mag mete imcluction. When a Cerducler is Scofated Im a magnodic flux, an emf ges Inducocl in that Cenducter. Abblicadion : Ly Auto mebi la 5 Power Jemeition plot ‘5 Le comoetiwes Ly Makine and mouy beats Principle of Cp cationLy As veto. fas Ly b A Rote 3 2 fol State > 2 pots] pra Reter = De Aupbly States =33)Ac 4ubby De Aupply , polarity Somains Aame As Atetoer fas Ac Aupbly , polarity owes clusicg FI falf cycle ond (a) dusing meet half cycle In fig.ca Stator pele 9 Cr) atherads ee duster poles) , Relor tends te SKectate i'm Cleckwise olirechion In fig. Co), Steder poles) Aopels Actor pole Gs), Rete, tends +0 fetat im arti - Clockwise clivecten . ths Ne tery =o , Aynckreneu meter is met Aclf Ateubiag . Ueatiom: Pesienmy rm rebetics, Udsdl im aT abd apie oni Auch as Fock Cttuhos, Cement mill, top socordeu , signaling elewicat, Jeurbbes ord tertile mild ete.