1. a) Explain Bishop’s simplified method. Derive an expression for the factor of safety.

b) Determine the safe height of a slope which is to be constructed at an angle of 300 with
the horizontal. The required factor of safety with respect to both cohesion and angle of internal
friction is 1.5, and the soil has the following properties: C= 10 kN/m2 , Φ=22.50 and density = 20
kN/m3 . Taylor’s stability numbers for mobilized friction angles of 22.50 and 150 are, respectively,
0.016 and 0.046.

2. a) Describe the Culmann’s graphical method of determining the active earth pressure in
cohesion less soils.

b) A retaining wall with smooth vertical back is 8m high and retains a two layer sand back fill.
The top layer is 3m high having Ø=300 and ϒ=20 kN/m3 . The bottom layer is 5m having Ø=350
and ϒ=22 kN/m3 . Determine the total active earth pressure and point of its application.

3. a) State the assumptions in Rankine’s theory. Derive an expression for Active and Passive
pressure.

b) Discuss the principles of the design of retaining walls.

4. a) Differentiate between general shear failure and local shear Failure.

b) A square footing of 1.8 m size is placed over a sand of bulk density 20 kN/m3 and saturated
density 22 kN/m3 at a depth of 1.0 m below ground. The angle of internal friction of sand is 300 .
The Terzaghi’s bearing capacity factors Nc=30.14, Nq=18.4 and Nϒ=15.1. Determine the ultimate
bearing capacity of the soil when there is no effect of water table and when the water table is at
base.

5. a) Discuss the uses of penetration tests for estimation of load-carrying capacity of piles.

b) A rectangular footing 3m × 2m exerts pressure of 100 kN/m2 on cohesive soils (Es=5×104

kN/m2 and μ=0.50). Determine the immediate settlement at the centre; assuring (i) the footing
is flexible I=1.36 (ii) the footing is rigid. I=1.06?

6. The shear strength parameters are C = 0 and angle of friction 35o determine the factor safety
with respect to shear failure for the following cares of location of water table. (a) Water table is
3m below GL (b) Water table is at GL itself (c)Water table is 4m below GL (d)Water table is 0.5m
below GL

7. Explain in detail about the various types of pile foundation with neat sketch and write their
functions

8. Explain in detail about the culmann’s graphical method for finding active pressure with a neat
sketch.

9. A trapezoidal footing is to be provided to support two square columns of 30cm and 50cm sides
respectively. Columns are 6m apart and the safe bearing capacity of the soil is 400kN/m2. The
bigger column carries 5000kN and the smaller 3000kN. Design a suitable size of the footing so
that it does not extend beyond the faces of the columns.

10. What is meant by under-reamed pile. When and where they are used. Why? Discuss
11. Determine the ultimate bearing capacity of a strip footing, 1.5m wide, with its base at a
depth of 1m, resting on a dry sand stratum. Take ᵞ = 17kN/m3 ; ф = 38◦ ; use IS code method . for
Nq = 48.9 and Nᵞ = 56.2

12. Explain in brief about the Plate load test for determining the bearing capacity of foundation
and its limitations?

13. Illustrate the different modes of failure of foundation soil.

14. Calculate the Safe bearing capacity per unit area of 1. a strip footing 1 m wide (4)

2. a square footing 3m x 3m (3)

3. a circular footing of 3m diameter. (3)

4. a rectangular footing of 1.3x2.2m (3)

Unit weight of the soil 1.8 t/m3, cohesion = 2t/m2 And Ф = 20 o ,Nc = 17.5, Nq = 7.5 and N γ = 5.
Depth of footing is 1.6m below ground surface.

15. Design a strip footing to carry a load of 750kN/m at a depth of 1.6m in a cohesive soil having
unit weight of 18kN/ m3& c=20kN/ m2 and angle of internal friction is 25 degree. Determine the
width of footing, using F.O.S as 3. Use terzhagi’s equations. Nc = 25.1, Nq = 12.7 and N γ = 9.7

16. A square footing located at a depth of 1.5 m below the ground surface in cohesionlesssoil
carries a column load of 1280 kN. The soil is submerged having an effective unit weight of 11.5
kN/m3 and an angle of shearing resistane of 300 . Find the size of the footing for Fs = 3 by
Terzaghi’s theory of general shear failure.

17. Summarize the following (i) General Shear failure (5)

(ii) Local shear failure (4)

(iii)Punching shear failure

18. Write about the following methods of bearing capacity determination (i) Terzhagi method (4)
(ii) Meyerhoff method (3)

(iii) IS Code Method (3)

(iv) Skempton method (3)

19. Explain terzaghi’s analysis of bearing capacity of soil in general shear failure with
assumptions.

20. Explain the IS code recommendations for the location and depth of foundation.

21. Summarize the following methods of load carrying capacity of pile (i) Static formula (7)

(ii) Dynamic formula(6)

22. Illustrate the following (i) Under reamed piles (5)

(ii) Negative skin friction (4)

(iii) Pile Cap and Settlement of pile group in clay (4)

23. A square concrete pile (30cm side) 10 m long is driven into coarse sand having γ = 18.5
kN/m3 & N = 20. Determine the allowable load (F.S = 3.0)

24. A reinforced concrete piles weights 30 kN, is driven by a drop hammer weights 40 kN having
an effective fall of 0.8 m. The average set per blow is 1.4 cm. The total temporary elastic
compression is 1.8. Assuming coefficient of resistance as 0.25. Determine the safe load using (i)
Engineering News Formula(7) (ii) Hileys Formula(6)

25. Explain in details about the various types of pile foundation with neat sketch and write their
functions.

26. (i) Design a square pile group to carry 400 kN in clay with an unconfined compressive
strength of 60 kN/m2 . The piles are 30 cm diameter and 6 m long. Adhesion may be taken as 0.6
(7)

27. A 16 pile group has to be arranged in the form of a square in soft clay with uniform spacing.
Neglecting end bearing, determine the optimum value of the spacing of the piles in terms of the
pile assuming a shear mobilization factor of 0.6

28. (i) Determine the group capacity of 15 piles arranged in 3 rows of diameter 300 mm. If the
piles are driven 8 m in to clay with cohesion 25 kN/m2 . Take spacing of piles as 0.8 m. (ii) Discuss
the method of obtaining ultimate load and also allowable load on a single pile from pile load
test.

29. Explain the methods of determining the load carrying capacity of a pile.

30. A group of nine piles, 12 m long and 250 mm in diameter, is to be arranged in a square form
in a clay soil with an average unconfined compressive strength of 60 kN/m2 . Work out the
center to center spacing of the piles for a group efficiency factor of 1. Neglect bearing at the tip
of the piles.

31. A retaining wall is 4 metres high. Its back is vertical and it has got sandy backfill upto its top.
The top of the fill is horizontal and carries a uniform surcharge of 85 kN/m2. Dry density of soil =
18.5 kN/m3. Moisture content of soil above water table = 12%. Angle of internal friction of soil =
30°, specific gravity of soil particles = 2.65. Porosity of backfill = 30%. The wall friction may be
neglected. Determine the following (i) Depth of Zero tension Crack (4) (ii) Active pressure acting
on the wall

32. Explain Rankine’s Active earth pressure theory for cohesion less soil and cohesive soil

33. Discuss in detail about the Rankine's theory for the following cases of cohesion soil and
cohesive soil. (i) Submerged back fill (7) (ii) Backfill with sloping surface (6)

34. A retaining wall has a vertical back and is 7.32 m high. The soil is sandy loam of unit weight
17.3kN/m3. it shows a cohesion of 12 kN/m2 and φ = 20°. Neglecting wall friction, determine the
thrust on the wall. The upper surface of the fill is horizontal.

35. What are the different types of earth pressure? Give examples. Derive the an equation for
determining the magnitude of earth pressure at rest

36. Give a brief note on the following with variation of pressure distribution (i) Cantilever
Retaining Wall (7) (ii) Counterfort Retaining Wall (6)

37. Explain for what factor of safeties retaining wall is designed

38. How do you finalize the choice of foundations to be used

39. Explain pile load test

40. Explain about settlement of pile groups