cH AP TER Alternating Current A Quick Recapitulation of the Chapter ‘Alternating Current (AC) isthe current which varies inboth magnitude as well as dicectin alternatively {and periodically jsinat or/ =/,coswt where, iy = peak value or maximum value of AC. [RMS Value of AC is defined as the value of steady current that would generate the same amount of heat ina given resistor as would be generated by the given AC current over a complete cycle ‘Average or Mean Value of AC is defined as the value of steady current which would send same amount of Ccharge through a circutt that is sent by the AC in the inhal-cycle. gg = 20 = 0637 ‘The instantaneous alternating emt is given by V=Vosinator V =V,cosat AsO. Ving = Y= 0707 OF Vig = 707% of Vy and Vp, =240.=0837 oF Ving =637% of Ve Power In a AC circuit, both emt and current change continuously wrt. time, so in circuit, we have to calculate average power in complete cycle (0-7). Vora fms COS @ where, cos @ = Power factor. In an AC Circuit Containing Resistance Only Instantaneous value £ is given by E = E,sinat Then, vollage and current are in same phase In an AC Circuit Containing Inductor Only Instantaneous value E is glven by E = E,sinat 8 Then, () Inductive reactance, X, =oL =2niL ji) Voltage leads the current by phase (i) Votiags Phase 5 “(3 ° tt Vosinw then (iil) Power factor, cos 6 = cos. $ Thus, average power consumption, Pay = Venione £086 =0 Inan L-R Series AC Circult = Pg Forma phas ange tang $= votage ad Impedance, ‘current by phase o. nan AG Circuit Containing Capacitor Only Instantaneous value Eis gWven by E = E,sinat v4 Thon, () Capactive reactance, Xo = 1. = 1 ©) Capscts “ wC 2nfC (i) Capacitor offers infrite reactance in DC circuit as/=0 (ip Votage tags behing te current by phase HV =Vysinotthen i=ipsin(ot + : (+3) (iv) Power tactor(cos @)is minimum and equalto zero :. Average power consumption (during a complete cycle) Pa10. Inan G-Series AC Circuit impedance, Z «Ya. « {AFTAE mt For the phase angle tang = XE. phase angle tang = 2= 11 nan LC Series AC Circuit Impedance, Z = Yims. = x, — X- Prat cterence batten vege ancient /2 Thm pest oe 12, nan LO Seres AC Greut 0) impedance, 2= fF + =P = Ya (9 1.5.5 X thon loa by and thon V lags behind j by ¢. where, tang 13, In Resonant L-C-A Series AC Circuit WX =X (i) Impedance, 2 = Zig =A (ii) The phase difference between V and jis 0° ) We (v) Average power consumption Pa, becomes ‘maximum, (iv) Resonant angular frequency, (vi) Current becomes maximum and ig, = 14, L-€ Oscillations Vien the charged capacitor is Connected vith the inductor, curent lows through the inductor and eneray stored in the inductor inthe form of magnetic feld and capacitor discharges and vice-versa, in this way, energy oscilates between capacitor and inductor 1 The frequency of escillation is ny = quency 0S 15. Quality Factor Itindicates the sharpness of resonance in an L-C-Aseres AC cut aVe amd 1 1 Va Ve FR @GR AVE Quality factoris also defined as 1 Meximumeneray stored Eneray dissipated cycle (Quality factor = 16. Atranstormer is device used either to obtain a high AC voltage from a low voltage AC source or vice-versa. For an ideal transformer, Me Me al Vo Np where, kis known as transformation ratio, For a step-up transtormer, k> 1but fora step-down transformer k <1 The efficiency of a transformer is given by Output power _ Ve i Input power Vy-ip For an ideal transformer, n= 100% or 1. However, for practical transformer, 9 = 85-90%. Objective Questions Based on NCERT Text) Topic fl AC Voltage Applied to a Resistor 11. Which current do not change direction with time? (@) DC current (6) AC curent (6) Both (a) and (6) (@) Neither (a) nor (b) 2. The electric mains supply in our homes and offices is «voltage that varies like a sine function with time. Such a voltage is called ... and the current driven by it in a circuit is ealled the. (2) DC voltage, AC current (b) AC voltage, DC current (6) AC voltage, DC voltage (4) AC voltage, AC current 8. Potential difference between two points is called (@) AC current () voltage (6) DC current (@ resistor 4. When the current changes continuously in magnitude ‘and periodically in direction, several times per second, the eurrent is known as the (a) direct eurent (6) induced curent (©) displacement current (@) altemating eurent 5. Consider a source which produces sinusoidally varying potential difference acrosits terminals, this potential difference called AC voltage, be given bythe expression @) Fas or (© 2, cos or (0) Fy cos oe (@ 2, sin ar6. Which of the following graphs shows, ina pure resistor, the voltage and current are in phase? "7. ‘The sum of instantancous current values over one complete cycle is (a) negative (©) positive (©) zero (@ Both (a) and &) 8 When an AC current passes through a resistor there is dissipation of| (a) joule heating () electrical energy () power (@) Both (a) and (b) 9. To express AC power in the same form as DC power, 1 special value of current is defined and used, is called (2) root mean square current (Lg) (b) effective current (6) induced eurrent (4) Both (a) and (b) 10. Which of the following graphs, shows i/¢? qi 1 7 "h © al faa) Oe aa a POE zo Tah =! 11. The household line voltage of 220 V is a rms value with a peak voltage of (a) 310V @3iv (©) 307 (@) 202 12, A light bulb is rated at 100 W for a 220 V supply. Find the resistance of the bulb, (a) 48.2 () 4849 () 4800 (@) 3500, 4, 16. 16, 17. 18, 19. 20. a1. 22, A group of electric lamps having total power rating of {600 W, 200V is supplied by an AC voltage V =169sin (3141+.60°). The rms value ofthe current is (1A 904A) LARA (A) BA ‘The electric mains in the house is marked 220 V, 50 Hz, Write down the equation for instantaneous voltage. (@) 3.17 sin (1008) (©) 311.1V sin (100%) (b) 31.1 cos (008) ¢ (@) 311.11 cos (100r)¢ ‘The electric current ina circuit is given by i= i (1/2) for same time. The rms current for the period 1=0to 3% to) 3 »* fa) 3 o% oe Ina purely resistive AC cireuit, the curent (@) lags behind the emf in phase © isinphase with the emt (6) lends the emfin phase {@) leads the emt in half the cycle behind it inthe other halt ‘The frequency of an altemating voltage is 50 cycles/s ‘and its amplitude is 120 V. Then, the rms value of ©] voltage is, (@) 1013V () 848 (©) 707 (@) 68 In order to show phase relationship between voltage ‘and current in AC circuit, we use the notion of (@) phasors (6) sine fanetion (6) Both (a) and (b) (4) Neither (a) nor (6) What is the speed of a phasor which rotates about the origin? 2% bez Mo Which ofthe following represent the value of voltage ‘and current at an instant in a purely resistive AC circuit? (2) Vy Sin or ig sincor (6) Vy 608 , jy C08 OF (©) “Vy sin av, ~ iy sin @F (A) ~Y, 608 ar, jy €08 01 @o What will be the phase angle between the voltage and the current in resistive AC citcuit? @ x2 () w/4 (©) n/3 (@) Zoro Voltage and current in an AC circuit are given by sin (100 ri — 0/6) (WO0m + 1/6) (@) voltage leads the current by 30° (b) current lead the voltage by 30° (6) current leads the voltage by 60” (@) voltage leads the current by 60°28. Altemating current cannot be measured by DC ammeter, because (a) AC cannot passthrough DC ammeter (b) average value of current in complete cyeleis zero (6) ACis virual (4) AC changes its direction 24, Inan AC circuit, /=100sin 200 az. The time required for the current to achieve its peak value will be 1 mts © 1 ats Oy 25. A generator produces a voltage that is given by V =240 in 120 r, where ris in seconds, The frequency and rms voltage are (2) 60 Hz and 240V (6) 19 Hz and 120 (6) 19 Heand 170V (4) 754 Hzand 70.V 26. An alternating current is given by the equation i=, cosax +i, sin x. The rms current is given by 1 1 @ Bara) & Bari © te+ B ye Le eay? ) w pe+e) Topic 27. 28. 30, a. AC Voltage Applied to an Inductor 32, From the above figure, which one ofthe following. is correct?” a wy) e-v bao wiv di ao u-v e ou 88, Eqn ler!) te equation for (), the curent asa function of time, must be such that (a) ts slope ai dis sinusoidally varying quantity with the sme phase a the source voliage (b) ae amplitude given by Vg! (©) Both (a) and ) (@) Neither (noe) sa. 37. In a circuit, the value of the alternating eurrent is measured by hot wire ammeter as 10 A. Its peak value will be (1A (b) 200A) IAIAA (@) OTA A resistance of 20 Q is connected to a source of an altemating potential, V =220 sin (10071). The time taken by eurrent to change from its peak value to mms. value is @ 02s (02s (©) 25x10? s (25% 10s Ian AC main supply is given to be 220 V. What would be the average enduring a postive hal-cycle? @ Iv tb) 386 (© 256 (@) None ofthese Ian altemating voltage is represented as E =14]sin (628 1), then the rms value of the voltage tnd the fequeney are respectively (@) 181 V,28 He (b) 100, so He (© 100, 1002 (@) 1M, 100 He ‘The voltage of an AC source varies with time according to equation 7 =100 sing? cos 100 mt. where ris in seconds and isin volts. Then (@) the peak voltage ofthe sources 100 V (©) the peak vote ofthe souree is 80 V (© the peak voltage ofthe source is 100/03 V (@) the frequency ofthe sources 100 Hz ¥, 1 cos (at) + constant, in the given equation, i608 (ot) + constant, inthe given equati the integration constant has the dimension of (a) resistor (b) current (¢) voltage (@) inductor . The integration constant in above question, is () time-independent (b) time-dependent (c) may be time-independent () nover time dependent . The inductive reactance is directly proportional tothe (2) inductance (©) Both (a) and (b) Which ofthe following figure shows that the current phasor / is =/2 behind the voltage phasor '? (©) frequency ofthe current (@) amplitude of current ) Ypsinan, ()Both () and ) (€) Neither (a) nor (6)39. 40. 4a. 43, 45, . Ina purely inductive AC circuit, the current reaches its maximum value later than the voltage by (a) one-fourth of period (b) half ofa period (6) three by fourth ofa period (4) complete a period A pure inductor of 25,0 mH is connected to a source cf 220 V. Find the inductive reactance ifthe frequency of the source is $0 Hz. (a) 785 () 6509 (o) 7850 (@ 875 Rofer the above question, the rms current in the circuit is (a) 254 nA () 168 (2A Which of the following graphs represents the correct variation of inductive reactance , with angular frequeney w? Xi ny « — © © @ 2. Ina purely inductive AC circuit, = 30.0 mH and the sms voltage is 150 V, frequency v=50 Hz. The inductive reactance is, (@) 1590 (6) 9420 (©) 00 (@) 8850 An inductance of negligible resistance whose reactance is 120 9 at 200 Hz is connected to a 240 V, 60 He, powerline. The current in the inductor is (2) 6.66.4 () 660 () S45. @ 45 |. Ina circuit containing an inductance of zero resistance, the emf of the applied AC voltage leads the current by (a) 90° (45° (e) 30° oo In an AC circuit, the current lags behind the voltage by #/2. The components of the circuit are (@) Rand (6) Land (o) Rand (@) only 46. a. 49. ‘The current (1) inthe inductance according to the plot shown i the following isthe correct vi time in the coil? varying with time jure. Which one of | ion of voltage with A resistance of 300 and an inductance of 1/ x henry ‘are connected in a series to an AC voltage of 20 V ‘and 200 He frequency. The phase angle between the Voltage and current is (@) tan! 4/3 (©) tan! 3/2 (0) tan! 34 @ wr! 2s . Two inductors Z, (inductance ImH, internal resistance 3) and L; (inductance 2 mH, internal resistance 4 Q), and a resistor & (resistance 12 ©) are all connected in parallel across a 5 V battery. The circuit is switched on at time ¢ =, The ratio of the ‘maximum to the minimum current (guy / Tia) Xp? ® ’ Prue. 0 © TA, The curtenin the series LCR citeitis im in sin ox +0) (0) t= sin (or +0) ke (©) t= 2igcos r+) (8) Bon) and) 72, Inan L-CR sties AC cite, then voltage aeoss cach ofthe components ,C and fs 30. The voltage eros the Co combination wll be (a) S0V()SNIV (6) 1WV (x0 7B. Ina sres -CR cir, te frequency of 10 V AC voitage source is adjusted in sucha fashion that the Feactance of the indictor measures 15 an that of the Capacitor 1.17 =3 0, the potential diffrence across the series combination of Zand C willbe fev (10 mv (aay 74, Ina iru, ,C and are connected in series with an allemating votage source of frequency The curent Teads the voliage by 45°. The vale of Cis oa — BORER) wOwe®) 1 1 ot =o tS aeraet—m) SF OuL-R)175. Ina L-C-R seties AC circuit, the voltage across each ofthe components, Z,C and 2 is 50 V. The vollage across the Z-C combination willbe (@) 50V @) SW2V © 100¥ wov 76. In the given circuit, the readings of voltmeters V, and Vz are 300 V cach, The readings of the voltmeter P; and ammeter A are respectively uf R100 Colele] pov (2) 100,20 () 150,224 (©) 20V,224 (@) 220V,204 77. A sinusoidal voltage of peak value 300 V and an angular frequency «= 400 rads" is applied to series L-C-R circuit, in which R =3 Q, = 20mH and (C =625 UF. The peak current in the circuit is (2) 302 A OA (91000 ania Topic| Resonance 81. The phenomenon of resonance is common among systems that have a tendency (@) to oscillate a a particular frequency (6) to get maximum amplitude (6) Both (a) and (b) (4) Neither (a) nor (6) 82, At resonant frequency, the current amplitude of an R-L-Ceircuit is (@) minimum () may be minimum 88. 10, (©) maximum (@) never maximum bn ws 10 1820 (roc) —+ oo! 78. 79. 85. In R-L-C series circuit with L For series L-C-R citeuit, right statement (2) applied emt and potential difference across resistance ae is same phase (©) applied emt and potential difference at inductor coil have phase difference of 2/2 (6) potential diference at capacitor and inductor have phase difference of n/2 (@) Potential difference across resistance and capacitor have phase difference of 2/2 In an L-C-R series circuit, the potential difference between the terminals ofthe inductance is 60 V, between the terminals ofthe capacitor is 30 V and that across the resistance is 40 V. Then, supply voltage will be equal to sv wy 70V (@1W%V tov ). An AC source of angular frequency wis fed across a resistor R and a capacitor C in series. The eurrent registered is I. Ifnow the frequency of source is ‘changed to «/3 (but maintaining the same voltage), the current in the circuit is found to be halved. Calculate the ratio of reactance to resistance at the of of of of Figure shows the variation of jy with win a (a) RL-C circuit (6) BL circuit (©) RCcircuit (@) None ofthese (00 mit, C= 1.00 aF two values of R ate (i) R =10002 and (ii) 8 =200 Q. For the source applied with F, Resonant frequency is, (@) 1x10 rads (©) 156% 10° ras Resonant circuits are used in (a) the tuning mechanism ofa radio (&) TV set (©) Both (a) and (b) (@) Neither (a) nor (6) In tuning, we vary the capacitance of @ capacitor in the tuning circuit such thatthe resonant frequency of the circuit becomes nearly equal to the frequency of the radio signal received, When this happens, the...d.. withthe frequeney of he signal of the (6) 14 10° rads (@) 1.75 10" rads87, on. particular radio station in the circuit is maximum, Here, A refers 10 (2) resonant frequency __(b) impedance (6) amplitude ofthe curent (2) reactance Bandwidth ofthe resonant L-C-R eireuit is zg 28 aR @ * man @* wet @? ©) oF of Ifresonant frequency of @ R-L-C circuit is@y and bandwidth is 4c, then which of the following quantity is regarded as a measure ofthe sharpness of & so @ oe os fo) 20 ° oo da mo © Be Which of the following ratio is called the quality factor, Q ofthe circuit? ok Bout @o=Se @o-=e Wel. @o-%e A 100 V, AC souree of frequency S00 His ‘connected to an L-C-R circuit with L=81 mH, (C=125 EF, R=10 Q all connected in series as shown in figure. What is the quality factor of circuit? ten (a) 202) 25434 (©) 2054 (a) 200.54 For the series L-CR amit circuit shown in the figure, what isthe 329 y, angular resonant frequency and amplitude of the current atthe a8 resonating frequency? (2) 2500 rad/s and $V2. A (b) 2500 rad/s and SA 5 (¢) 2500rad/s and A (d) 25 rads and SV2.A ( ps & 2. Inan L-C-R circuit, capacitance is changed from C to 2C. For the resonant frequency to remain unchanged, ‘the inductance should be change from to @4 2% OLD MLS . In non-resonant circuit, what will be the nature of circuit for frequencies higher than the resonant frequeney? (a) Resistive (©) Capacitive (6) Inductive (@) None of those . Ina series L- 95. 97, 98, Rcireuit, the voltage across R is 100 V and R =1k, C =2,F. The resonant frequency (ois 200 rad/s. At resonance the voltage across Lis @ 40v (6) 250 © 4x10 (@) 25* 10 ¥ An L-C-R series circuit consists of a resistance of 10. a capacitor of reactance 6.0 Q and an inductor coil. The circuit is found to resonate when put across 12 300 V, 100 Hz supply. The inductance of col is (take, n=3) (@ 01 ©) OOH (02H (orn 5. In an L-C-R circuit, capacitance is changed from C to ). Figure shows a series L-C-R 16C. For the resonant frequency to remain unchanged, the inductance should be changed from L. 0 aL (6 ue wus ‘An inductor Land a capacitor Care connected in the circuit as shown in the figure, The frequency of the power supply is equal to the resonant frequency of the circuit. Which ammeter will read zero ampere? @ 4, © I E-Epsin at @) Ay (4) None ofthese 1 ‘An alternating emt of frequency v is eeniotionnn (Sz) applied toa series L-C-R erent. For this frequency of the applied emt (@) the cient is at resonance and its impedance is made up only ofa reactive pat. (©) the cutet in the cruisin phase withthe applied cant end volage atone equals the applied emt (© the sum o the potent difference actos the inductance and capacitance equals the aplid emt which i 180" abead of phase ofthe curen in the cicut (@) the quality factor ofthe cteuitis UR or an and this fs measur ofthe vllage magaifention Produced by the eeu at ressonance) a well a the sharpness of resonance of te eto citeuit, connected to a variable frequency 200 V source. a C=80pF and R = 40.0. The source frequency which drives the circuit at resonance is, (a 25H v-2tov © sone100. Calculate the wavelength of the radiowaves radiated out by a citcuit containing 0.02 uF capacitor and 8H inductance in series. @) 738m 460m 9 38m ( 7538m Topicld Power in AC Circuit 102, Inan AC circuit, the average power dissipated depends (@) onthe voltage (b) current (©) cosine ofthe phase angle between them (4) Allofthe above 108. In an AC circuit, the instantaneous values of emf and current are e=200 sin (314) V and I =sin 3141 + /3) A. The average power consumed is. (@) 200W () IW (SOW (a 25W 104, The potential difference Vand the current é flowing through an instruments in an AC circuit of frequency J are given by V =5cos x volts and i=2sin amperes (where, 0=27/). ‘The power dissipated in the instrument is @) zm) 1OW (SW (25W 105. In an AC circuit, V and J are given by Yatosin 0) totais power dissipated in eireuit is (@ Iw GoW |25W 108. In an AC circuit, the current is given by @sw Ss (nne=E te aC pls =200sin (100) V. Then, the power consumption is 107. The average power supplied to an inductor over one complete cycle is (2) igh? (©) Bh l4 ©) ihn @ 200 108. Ifa current / is given by Ig sin (oo %/2) flows in an AC circuit across which an AC potential of E =E, sin has been applied, then the power consumption P in the circuit will be ) P= SB Ely @P=0 101. Ina series resonant L-C-R circuit, the voltage across Ris 100 V and R =1kQ with C =2[F. The resonant freuency is 200 rads“, At resonance the voltage across Lis (a) 25x10" V(b) 40V (© 250v @) 4x10 Vv 109. As in the case of inductor, the average power in ‘capacitor () Bh cain (200)> (0) ighy 2 ©) ig sin Qax)> (0 110. Power dissipated in an L-C-R series circuit connected to an AC source of emfe is eR load) | ow oR Oy yer (ua to LL. Which ofthe following components of L-C-R circuit, wth AC supply, donot dssipatesel energy? (@) 4 ) 8c OLR @ LCR @ 112, Which of the following components of a L-C-R citeuit with AC supply, dissipates energy’? @L OR oc (@) Allof these 113, A coil of self-induetance L is connected in series with a bulb B and an AC souree. Brightness of the bulb decreases when INEET 2013] (@) frequency of the AC source is decreased (b) numberof tums in the coli reduced (©) acapacitance of reactance X;- ~ ¥, is ineluded inthe (4) an ton rod is inserted in the coil 114. A lamp consumes only 50% of peak power in an AC circuit. What isthe phase difference between the applied voltage and the circuit current? we oF @ = = @t @s118, A choke is prefered a resistance for current in AC crt because (0 cokes ep {5 trvlenn recap of poe (6 cokes compactinsze (0 choke good auc of eat 136, A value of for whic the curent amplitud is 3 times its maximum value. A this value, the power dissipated by the eet becomes (a double (0) encour (8 oneind (iat 137, Inan electrical circuit R Cand an AC voltage source areal connected in series, When Lis removed from te ere the pase difference between the ‘olage and he caret in the eweutis 3 18 intend C is moved fr he cit, the phase Aiference is agai 2/3. The power factor of he miting [CBSE ALP 2012] @12 WINE! a2 118. In an AC circuit the power factor (2) is ze10 when the circuit contains an ideal resistance only (6) is unity when the only (©) is unity when the circuit contains a capacitance only (4) is unity when the cireuit contains an ides! inductance only ns an ideal resistance 119. Power factor is maximum in a L-C-R circuit when () X,=Xe WR=0 (OX, =0 ( Xe=0 1120. A coil of inductive reactance 31 has a resistance of 80. Itis placod in series with a condenser of capacitive reactance 25 9. The combination is connected to an AC source of 110 V. The power factor ofthe circuit is (056) 061 ~— (O80 (033 121. A voltage of peak value 283 V and varying frequency is applied to a series L-C-R combination in which R=3Q,L=25 mHand C = 400 uF. The frequency (in Ha) of the source at which maximum power is dissipated in the above circuit is (a) S15Hz @) 50.7Hz (6) S1.1Mz (@) 5031 1122, When a capacitor (initially charged) is connected toa inductor, the change on the capacitor and the ‘current in the circuit exhibit the phenomenon of (a) electrical oscillations (b) induction (o) power factor (@) Allof these 123. 124, 125. 126. 127. 128, 129, 130. at? +e =0, inthe equation of SHM, oy refers (6) fm (@) him to (a) kim © {2kim oy = Aim, angular frequency in SHM, k refers to (a) power constant (©) quality factor (©) spring constant (@) None ofthese ‘An inductor 20 mH, a capacitor $0 UF and a resistor 40 © are connected in series across a source of emf V =10sin 3401. The power loss in AC cizeuit is INEET 2016] (067 W (0)0.76W ©0390 j@osiw A charged 30pF capacitor is connected to a.27 mH ductor. What isthe angular frequency of free ‘oscillations of the citeuit? @ Ls (0) Lx s (©) 2x 10's (@) 25x10 s Suppose the inital charge onthe capacitor in above {question is 6 mC. What isthe total energy stored in the circuit intially? What is the total energy at later ime? (@ 083,085 (6) 65.71,67) (©) $751,0921 @ 144,105 AIOE capacitor is charged to 25 V of potential. The battery is then disconnected and a pure 10-mHl eal is connected across the capacitor so that Z-C oscillation fare set up. The maximum current i the coil is (@ 0284 (b) 001A (254 (@ 16a A resonant AC circuit contains a capacitor of capacitance 10-° Fand an inductor of 10" H. The frequency of electrical oselltions will be (10 () 10H2 wo" 10 om @ ou AA charged 60 UF capacitor is connected to a $4 mH inductor. What is the angular frequeney of free ‘oscillations of the circuit? @ sss! () Ssx10' ! ois! @ Lax to?Topic Transformers 181. Which of the following device, use the principle of ‘mutual induction? (a) Dynamo (6) Capacitor () Transformer (@) Vokimeter 182. The value of emf in the secondary coil depends on (2) the umber oftums (b) material used (6) voltage (4) induced shox 183. If the transformer is assumed to be 100% efficient(on energy losses) then (a) the power inputs equal tothe power ouput (b) the power input is ess than the power output (6) the power output is less than the power input (4) Allof the above. 1184. The large scale transmission and distribution of electrical energy over long distances is done with the use of (2) dynamo () transformers (6) penerator (@) capacitor 185. If the secondary coil has less turns than the primary, then itis called (a) step-up transformer (6) ideal transformer (6) step-down transformer (@) Both b) and (@) 1136. A power transmission line feeds input power at 2300 V to a step-down transformer with its primary \windings having 4000 turns. What should be the ‘number of turns in the secondary in order to get ‘output power at 230 V? (2) 600 (©) 400 () $50 @ 375 187. How muuch current is drawn by the primary coil of a ‘wansformer which steps down 220 V to 22 V to ‘operate a device with an impedance of 2202 (IA) 028A |) OOLA (150A 188. A 60 W load is connected tothe secondary of transformer whose primary draws line voltage of 220 V. Ifa current of 0.54 A flows in the load, then what is the current in the primary coil? (@27A — (h O27A (©) 165A) 285A 139. A transformer having efficiency of 90% is working on 200 V and 3 KW power supply. If the current in the secondary coil is 6 A, the voltage across the secondary ‘coil and the current in the primary coil and the current in the primary coil respectively are [CBSE AIPMT 2014 (@)300V, 15. (6)450V, 15. (450 V, 135A (€)600V, 15. 140. A step-down transformer is used on a 1000 V line to deliver 20 A at 120 V the secondary coil. Ifthe efficiency of the transformer is 80%, then the current ddeawn fiom the line is, @3A WA OBA @)24A AL. The ratio of secondary to primary turns is 4: 5. If power input is P, then the ratio of power output to power input is @4:9 94 | 5:4 Mit 142, A 220 V input is supplied to a transformer. The ‘output circuit draws a current of 2.0 A at 440 V. Ifthe efficiency ofthe transformer is 80%, the current raw by the primary windings of the transformer is @50A 326A @)28A (ISA Special Format Questions I. Assertion and Reason & Directions (@. Nos. 143-151) In the following ‘questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a corresponding statement of reason. Of the following Statements, choose the correct one (@) Both Assortin and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion ) Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion. (© Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect. (@ Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct 143. Assertion Today, most ofthe electrical devices useirequire AC voltage. Reason Most of the electrical energy sold by power ‘companies is transmitted and distributed as alternating current. 144, Assertion Phasors Vand J for the case ofa resistor are in the same direction. Reason The phase angle between the voltage and the current is zero.145. Assertion When the capacitor is connected to an AC souree, it limits or regulates the current, but docs not completely prevent the flow of charge. Reason The capacitor is alternately charged and discharged as the current reverses each half-cycle. 146. Assertion Capacitor serves as a barrier for DC and offers an easy path to AC. Reason Capacitor reactance is inversely ‘proportional to frequency. 147. Assertion If X¢ > X,0 is positive and the circuit is predominantly capacitive. The current in the circuit leads the source voltage. Reason If Xe “Mechanical osrey tt Jorstmy 6 ne @ ©) © @ 1V. Passage Based Questions = Directions (Q, Nos. 163-166) Answer the following questions based on given passage. A sinusoidal voltage of peak value 283 V and frequency 50 Hz is applied to a series L-C-R circuit in which R= 30, L = 25.48mH and C= 796 pF. 163, The impedance of the circuit and the phase difference between the voltage across the source and the current hoa > B 5 4 i 4 anewd will be @) 50,33." (©) 39,503 () 49,- so @) 50,- 3. 164. The power dissipated in the circuit and the power factor will be (@) 480 W, 67 (6) 1335 W, 656 (©) 4800 W,06 (@) 1.09 W, 089 165. Let the frequency of the source can be varied. What is the frequency of the source at which resonance (@) 1335 Hz (6) 66.7 Hz (©) 354 Hz (@) 25x 166. Calculate the impedance, the current and the power and is calibrated to read vers (@) the pointer oF the mete is stuek by some mechanical defect W)VTBA (S/6A S/VEA (a) 2000 191. To reduce the resonant frequency in an L-C-R series circuit with a generator, (a) The generator frequency should be reduced (b) Another capacitor should be added in parallel othe first, {) The iron core ofthe inductor should be removed (@) Dielectric inthe capacitor should be removed192. Which of the following combinations should be selected for better tuning of an L-C-R eiteuit used for communication? (R= 130, 0= 35H, C = 301F (@) R= 280, L= 1SH,C = 45uF 198. An inductor of reactance 10 and a resistor of 20. are ‘connected in series to the terminals of a 6V (ems) AC source. The power dissipated in the circuit is @swW WLW EOM4AW |Isw 194, The output of a step-town transformer is measured to be 24 V when connected to a 12 W light bul. The value of the peak current is (@/V2A WIA (2A (ia 195. As the frequency of an AC cireuit inereases, the ‘current first increases and then decreases. What ‘combination of circuit elements is most likely 10 ‘comprise the circuit? (2) Inductor and capacitor (b) Resistor and inductor (6) Resistor and capacitor (4) Resistor, inductor and capacitor 196. In an alternating current circuit consisting of elements in series, the current increases on increasing, the frequeney of supply. Which of the following clements are likely fo constitute the circuit? (a) Only resistor () Resistor and an inductor 197. Electrical energy is transmitted over large distances at high alternating voltages. Which of the following statements is (are) correct? (a) Fora given power level, there isa lower current () Lower curent implies less power loss () Transmission lines can be made thinner (4) Its easy to reduce the voltage a the receiving end using step-down transformers 198, Fora L-C-R circuit, the power transferred from the driving source tothe driven oscillator is P=17Z cos . () Here, the power factor cos $2 0,P2 0 (6) The driving fore can give no energy to the oscillator (P= 0)insome eases (c) The driving foree cannot syphon out (P < 0)the eneray ‘out of osilltor (4) The driving force can take away energy out ofthe oscillator 199, When an AC voltage of 220 V is applied to the capacitor C () the maximum volage between plates is 220 V (b) the current isin phase with the applied voltage (the charge onthe plaesisin phase with the applied voltage (4) power delivered tothe capacitors zr 200. 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