binary arithmetic insrtuctions

Conditional Jump Instructions…

IF THEN ELSE Programs…
Programs illustrating loops…
shift /rotate instructions

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 8086 programming based on
Instruction Set - 1
Programs based on
data transfer instructions
binary arithmetic instructions
logical instructions
shift and rotate instructions
control transfer instructions

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 Binary Arithmetic Instructions…

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 Use of instruction ADC
(ADD WITH CARRY)

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 data segment
a db 0ABh
b db 0A5h
c dw ?
data ends
code segment
assume cs:code, ds:data
start:
mov ax, data
mov ds, ax
mov al, a
add al, b
mov ah, 00h
adc ah, 00h
mov c, ax
mov ah, 4ch
int 21h
code ends
end start

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 Finding Avg of 2 Temperature Values…

DATA SEGMENT
HI_TEMP DB 92H
LOW_TEMP DB 52H
AVG_TEMP DB ?
DATA ENDS

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 CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS:CODE, DS:DATA
START: MOV AX, DATA
MOV DS, AX
MOV AL, HI_TEMP
ADD AL, LOW_TEMP
MOV AH, 00H
ADC AH, 00H
MOV BL, 02H
DIV BL
MOV AVG_TEMP , AL ;QUOTIENT
MOV AH, 4CH
INT 21H
CODE ENDS
END START

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 Conditional Jump
Instructions…

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 MNEMONIC CONDITION TESTED

JA/JNBE (CF OR ZF) =0

JAE/JNB CF=0

JB/JNAE CF=1

JBE/JNA (CF OR ZF)=1

JC CF = 1

JE/JZ ZF = 1

JG/JNLE ((SF XOR OF) OR ZF ) =0

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 MNEMONIC CONDITION TESTED

JGE/JNL (SF XOR OF)=0

JL/JNGE (SF XOR OF)=1

JLE/JNG ((SF XOR OF) OR ZF )=1

JNC CF=0 (not carry)

JNE/JNZ ZF=0

JNO OF=0 (not overflow)

JNP/JPO PF=0 (not parity/parity

odd)
JNS SF=0 (not sign)
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 MNEMONIC CONDITION TESTED

JO OF=1 (overflow)

JP/JPE PF (Parity / parity equal)

JS SF=1 (Sign)

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 IF THEN ELSE Programs…

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 Finding larger of 2 Nos…

Data segment
a db 12h
b db 34h
msg1 db 10, 13, ‘a is greater than b$’
msg2 db 10, 13, ‘b is greater than a$’
msg3 db 10, 13, ‘a is equal to b$’
Data ends

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CODE SEGMENT L1:
ASSUME CS:CODE, DS:DATA LEA DX, msg1
START: MOV AH, 09H
INT 21H
MOV AX, data JMP EXIT
MOV DS, AX
L2:
MOV AL, a LEA DX, msg2
CMP AL, b MOV AH, 09H
INT 21H
JA L1
JB L2 EXIT:
MOV AH, 4CH
LEA DX, msg3 INT 21H
MOV AH, 09H
CODE ENDS
INT 21H END START
JMP EXIT

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 Assignment…
Check if given number is odd or even
(using DIV instruction)…

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 Programs illustrating loops…

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1. Move n bytes of data from one location
to another (using While loop)…
data segment
array1 db 10h,20h,30h,40h,50h
len db $-array1
array2 db 5 dup(?)
data ends

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CODE SEGMENT MOV AL, [SI]
ASSUME MOV [DI], AL
CS:CODE,DS:DATA
START: INC SI
MOV AX,DATA
INC DI
MOV DS,AX
INC CL
JMP L1
MOV CL,00
LEA SI, array1
LEA DI, array2 EXIT: MOV AH, 4CH
INT 21H
L1:
CMP CL, len CODE ENDS
JZ EXIT END START

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1. Move n bytes of data from one location
to another (using Do-While loop)…
data segment
array1 db 10h,20h,30h,40h,50h
len db $-array1
array2 db 5 dup(?)
data ends

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CODE SEGMENT INC SI
ASSUME CS:CODE,DS:DATA INC DI
START: INC CL
MOV AX,DATA CMP CL, len
MOV DS,AX JB L1

MOV CL,00
EXIT: MOV AH, 4CH
LEA SI, array1
INT 21H
LEA DI, array2

L1: CODE ENDS

MOV AL, [SI] END START
MOV [DI], AL

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2. Move n words of data from one location
to another…
data segment
array1 dw
1234h,2056h,3134h,4178h,5089h
len db $-array1
array2 dw 5 dup(?)
data ends

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CODE SEGMENT
MOV AX, [SI]
ASSUME
CS:CODE,DS:DATA MOV [DI], AX
START:
MOV AX,DATA ADD SI, 02
MOV DS,AX ADD DI, 02
INC CL
SHR len, 01 JMP L1
MOV CL,00
LEA SI, array1
EXIT: MOV AH, 4CH
LEA DI, array2
INT 21H
L1:
CMP CL, len CODE ENDS
JZ EXIT END START

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 3. Linear Search (searching a byte (8bit)
value)…
data segment
arr db 10h,34h,35h,22h,45h
len db $-arr
key db 38h
succ db 10,13, "successful$"
notsucc db 10,13,"Unsuccessful$"
data ends
code segment
assume cs:code, ds:data
start:
mov ax,data
mov ds,ax

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MOV CL,0 FOUND: EXIT:
LEA SI, ARR LEA DX, SUCC MOV AH,4CH
MOV AH,09 INT 21H
L1: INT 21H
CMP CL, LEN JMP EXIT CODE ENDS
JZ NOTFOUND END START

MOV AL,[SI] NOTFOUND:

CMP KEY,AL LEA DX, NOTSUCC
JZ FOUND MOV AH,09
INC SI INT 21H
INC CL
JMP L1

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 3. Finding maximum element in an array
data segment
arr db 10h,34h,35h,22h,45h
len db $-arr
max db ?
data ends
code segment
assume cs:code, ds:data
start:
mov ax,data
mov ds,ax

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MOV CL,len
Mov ch,00h EXIT:
LEA SI, ARR MOV AH,4CH
INT 21H
MOV AL,[SI]
L2: INC SI CODE ENDS
CMP AL,[SI] END START
JNC L1
MOV AL,[SI]
L1: LOOP L2
MOV MAX,AL

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1.MOV SI, 500 MOV CL, [SI]
2.MOV CH, 00 : set value of register CH to 00
3.INC SI MOV AL, [SI]
4.DEC CL : INC SI CMP AL, [SI]
5.JNC 413
6.MOV AL, [SI]
7.INC SI : increase value of SI by 1
8.LOOP
9.MOV [600], AL
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 Assignment…
1. Linear Search (searching a word )…

2. Find max / min value in a byte array…

3. Add 2 arrays and store the result in the 3rd

array…

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 LOOP Instruction…

• The LOOP instructions are basically conditional jump

instructions which have the format

LOOP LABEL

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• LOOP instruction combines 2 operations in each
instruction

• The first operation is to decrement the CX register by

1

• The second operation is to check the CX register and,

in some cases, also the zero flag to decide whether
to do a jump to the specified label

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 LOOP Loop Until CX=0

LOOPE / LOOPZ Loop if zero flag is set

and CX !=0

LOOPNE / LOOPNZ Loop if zero flag not set

and CX !=0

JCXZ Jump if CX = 0

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 Example (Linear Search)…
data segment
arr db 10h,34h,35h,22h,45h
len db $-arr
key db 38h
succ db 10,13, "successful$"
notsucc db 10,13,"Unsuccessful$"
data ends

code segment
assume cs:code,ds:data
start:
mov ax,data
mov ds,ax
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MOV CL, len SUCC1:
MOV CH,0
MOV DX, OFFSET succ
LEA SI, arr
; SAME AS LEA DX, succ
UP:
MOV AL,[SI] MOV AH,09H
CMP key, AL INT 21H
JZ SUCC1
INC SI EXIT:
LOOP UP MOV AH,4CH
INT 21H
LEA DX, notsucc CODE ENDS
MOV AH,09H END START
INT 21H
JMP EXIT

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 Shift/Rotate Instructions…

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Examples (Counting number of 1’s and check
parity)…

DATA SEGMENT
A DB 0A2H
emsg db 10, 13, 'EVEN PARITY$'
omsg db 10, 13, 'ODD PARITY$'
DATA ENDS

CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS:CODE, DS:DATA
START:
MOV AX, DATA
MOV DS, AX

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MOV CH, 00H CHECKP:
; COUNTER FOR NO OF 1S SHR CH, 01H
JNC EVENP
MOV CL, 00H LEA DX, omsg
; COUNTER FOR LOOP MOV AH, 09H
INT 21H
UP: JMP EXIT
CMP CL, 08H EVENP:
JZ CHECKP LEA DX, emsg
ROL A, 01H MOV AH, 09H
JNC L1 INT 21H
INC CH EXIT:
L1: MOV AH, 4CH
INC CL INT 21H
JMP UP CODE ENDS
END START

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 Assignment…
Check if given number is odd or even
(using SHR/SAR instruction)…

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 Logical Instructions…

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 Thank You…

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