Unit 3 – TWB

C H E M I S T R Y
Unit 03|Theory Book
TlaislrK - TlaisyrK

1) TlaislrKdxlh hkq ?

ixfhda.hl we;s hï lsis uQ,øjHl TlaislrKdxlh fidhd .ekSu

a) ¨úia jHqyh u; mokïj TlaislrK wxlh fiùu

✓ nkaOkhl úoHq;a iDK;djh jeä mrudKqjg −1 l TlaislrKdxlhla o úoHq;a iDK;djh wvq

mrudKqjg +1 l TlaislrKdxlhla o ,efnk mßÈ úoHq;a iDK;djh u; tla tla nkaOkh fnod,
wjidkfha i,ld n,k mrudKqjg ,efnk iuia; TlaislrKdxl tl;=j .kshs'
✓ wod, mrudKqj u; wdfrdamKhla mj;skafka kï ,l=K o iu`. th TlaislrKdxlhg tl;= lsÍfuka
wjika TlaislrKdxlh ,nd.kshs' (+ wdfrdamKhla i`oyd (+1)la o − wdfrdamKhla i`oyd (−1)la o
tl;= lrhs')

b) ridhksl iQ;%h u; mokïj TlaislrK wxlh fiùu

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 2) my; m%fNao j, kï lr we;s mrudKq j, TZlrKdxl fidhkak'

• K3PO4 ys P = • 2 ys Al =
AlO−

• K2Cr2O7 ys Cr = • MnO4− ys Mn =

• K2MnO4 ys Mn = • NH4+ ys N =

• Cr2O2− ys Cr = • NO2+ ys N =
7

𝐒𝐏𝐄𝐂𝐈𝐀𝐋 POINTS

3) TlaislrKh hkq@

lsishï mrudKqjla bf,lafg%dak msglsÍu TlaislrKh f,i ye`Èkafõ' TlaislrKh ùfï § i,ld n,k
mrudKqjl TlaislrKdxlfha Ok iajNdjh by< hhs' ;j o hï m%fNaohla TlaislrKh ùfï § ta yd iu.dój
fjk;a m%fNaohla TlaisyrKh lrjk neúka th Tlaisydrlhla f,i ye`Èkfõ'

4) TlaisyrKh hkq@

lsishï mrudKqjla bf,lafg%dak ,nd.ekSu TlaisyrKh f,i ye`Èkafõ' TlaisyrKh ùfï § i,ld n,k
mrudKqjl TlaislrKdxlfha Ok iajNdjh my< hhs' ;j o hï m%fNaohla TlaisyrKh ùfï § ta yd iu.dój
fjk;a m%fNaohla TlaislrKh lrjk neúka th Tlaisldrlhla f,i ye`Èkfõ'

5) lsih
s ï mrudKqjlg iajdëkj (;ksj) TZlrKh fyda TZyrKhg ,la úh yels o@

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 w¾O m%;sl%shd ;=,s; lsÍfï mshjr

6) my; w¾O m%;sl%shd ;=<s; lrkak'

i. I− I2 xi. C2 O2−
4 CO2 (wdï,sl)

ii. Fe3+ Fe2+ xii. N2 O NO3− (wdï,sl)

iii. CH4 CO2 (wdï,sl) xiii. MnO4− MnO2 (NdIañl)

iv. CO CH4 (wdï,sl) xiv. CrO2−

4 Cr 3+ (NdIañl)

v. NH3 N2 (wdï,sl) xv. C2 O2−

4 CO2 (NdIañl)

vi. N2 N2 O (wdï,sl) xvi. N2 O NO3− (NdIañl)

vii. SO3 SO2 (wdï,sl) xvii. C2 H4 CO2 (NdIañl)

viii. MnO2 Mn2+ (wdï,sl) xviii. H2 S SO2 (wdï,sl)

ix. MnO4− Mn2+ (wdï,sl) xix. NO3− NH3 (NdIañl)

x. Cr2 O2−
7 Cr 3+ (wdï,sl) xx. NO2− NH3 (NdIañl)

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 Redox whksl m%;sl%shdjla tljr ;=,s; lsÍfï mshjr

7) my; m%;sl%shd i`oyd ;=<s; whksl iólrK ,shd olajkak'

i. MnO4− + CH4 → CO2 + Mn2+ (wdï,sl) xi. CrO2−

4 + Sn
2+
→ Sn4+ + Cr 3+ (NdIañl)

ii. MnO4− + Fe2+ → MnO2 + Fe3+ (NdIañl) xii. S + HNO3 → SO2 + NO2 (wdï,sl)

iii. Cr2 O2−

7 + SO2 → Cr
3+
+ SO2−
4 (wdï,sl) xiii. C + MnO−
4 → CO2 + Mn
2+
(wdï,sl)

iv. Pb4+ + Cl− → Cl2 + Pb2+ xiv. Fe + Cr2 O2−

7 → Cr 3+ + Fe2+ (wdï,sl)

v. H2 S + HNO3 → S + NO2 (wdï,sl) xv. CrO2− 2−

4 + C2 O4 → CO2 + Cr 3+ (NdIañl)

vi. H2 S + HNO3 → SO2−

4 + NO2 (wdï,sl) xvi. Cr 3+ + Mn2 O5 → Mn3+ + CrO3 (NdIañl)

vii. MnO4− + C2 O2−

4 → CO2 + Mn2+ (wdï,sl) xvii. N2 O5 + P4 → NO + PO3−
4 (NdIañl)

viii. MnO2 + Br − → Br2 + Mn2+ (wdï,sl) xviii. S8 + CrO3 → SO2 + Cr2 O3 (NdIañl)

ix. NO2− + Al → AlO−

2 + NH3 (NdIañl) xix. I − + ClO−
3 → I2 + Cl
−
(wdï,sl)

x. NO3− + Zn → ZnO2−
2 + NH3 (NdIañl) xx. I2 + S2 O2−
3 → I − + S4 O2−
6

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 oaúOdlrK ùu hkq,

oaúOdlrK m%;sl%shdjla ;=,s; lsÍu

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 8) my; oaúOdlrK m%;sl%shd i`oyd ;=<s; whksl iólrK ,shd olajkak'

i. S SO2−
4 + S
2−
(wdï,sl) v. P H2 PO2− + PH3 (NdIañl)

ii. N2 NH3 + NO2− (wdï,sl) vi. SO2 S + SO3 (NdIañl)

iii. NO NH3 + NO3− (wdï,sl) vii. ClO− Cl− + ClO−

3 (NdIañl)

iv. Cl2 Cl− + ClO−

3 (NdIañl)

;=<s; ridhksl iólrK f.dvke.Su

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 Answers

6.
(i) 2 I − I2 + 2e

(ii) Fe3+ + e Fe2+

(iii) CH4 + 2 H2 O 8 H + + CO2 + 8e

(iv) 6 H + + CO + 6e CH4 + H2 O

(v) 2 NH3 6 H + + N2 + 6e

(vi) N2 + H2 O 2 H + + N2 O + 2e

(vii) 2 H + + SO3 + 2e SO2 + H2 O

(viii) 4 H + + MnO2 + 2e Mn2+ + 2 H2 O

(ix) 8 H + + MnO4− + 5e Mn2+ + 4 H2 O

(x) 14 H + + Cr2 O2−

7 + 6e 2 Cr 3+ + 7 H2 O

(xi) C2 O2−
4 2 CO2 + 2e

(xii) N2 O + 5 H2 O 10 H + + 2 NO3− + 8e

(xiii) MnO−
4 + 2 H2 O + 3e MnO2 + 4 OH −

(xiv) CrO2−
4 + 4 H2 O + 3e Cr 3+ + 8 OH −

(xv) C2 O2−
4 2 CO2 + 2e

(xvi) 10 OH − + N2 O 2 NO3− + 5 H2 O + 8e

(xvii) 12 OH − + C2 H4 2 CO2 + 8 H2 O + 12e

(xviii) 6 OH − + H2 S SO2 + 4 H2 O + 6e

(xix) NO3− + 6 H2 O + 8e NH3 + 9 OH −

(xx) NO2− + 5 H2 O + 6e NH3 + 7 OH −

7.
(i) 24 H + + 8 MnO4− + 5 CH4 8 Mn2+ + 5 CO2 + 22 H2 O

(ii) 3 Fe2+ + MnO4− + 2H2 O 3 Fe3+ + MnO2 + 4 OH −

(iii) 2 H + + Cr2 O2−

7 + 3 SO2 2 Cr 3+ + 3 SO2−
4 + H2 O

(iv) Pb4+ + 2 Cl− Pb2+ + Cl2

(v) H2 S + 2 HNO3 S + 2 NO2 + 2 H2 O

(vi) H2 S + 8 HNO3 2 H + + 8 NO2 + SO2−

4 + 4 H2 O

fyda

H2 S + 8 HNO3 8 NO2 + H2 SO4 + 4 H2 O

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 (vii) 16 H + + 2 MnO4− + 5 C2 O2−
4 2 Mn2+ + 10 CO2 + 8 H2 O

(viii) 4 H + + MnO2 + 2 Br − Mn2+ + Br2 + 2 H2 O

(ix) OH − + NO2− + 2 Al + H2 O 2 AlO−

2 + NH3

(x) 7 OH − + NO3− + 4 Zn 4 ZnO2−

2 + NH3 + 2 H2 O

(xi) 2 CrO2−
4 + 3 Sn
2+
+ 8 H2 O 3 Sn4+ + 2 Cr 3+ + 16 OH −

(xii) S + 4 HNO3 SO2 + 4 NO2 + 2 H2 O

(xiii) 6 H + + 5 C + 4 MnO4− 4 Mn2+ + 5 CO2 + 3 H2 O

(xiv) 14 H + + 3 Fe + Cr2 O2−

7 2 Cr 3+ + 3 Fe2+ + 7 H2 O

(xv) 2 CrO2− 2−
4 + 3 C2 O4 + 8 H2 O 6 CO2 + 2 Cr 3+ + 16 OH −

(xvi) 4 Cr 3+ + 3 Mn2 O5 + 3 H2 O 6 Mn3+ + 4 CrO3 + 6 OH −

(xvii) 12 OH − + 2 N2 O5 + P4 4 NO + 4 PO3−
4 + 6 H2 O

(xviii) 3 S8 + 32 CrO3 24 SO2 + 16 Cr2 O3

(xix) 6 H + + 6 I − + ClO−
3 3 I2 + Cl− + 3 H2 O

(xx) I2 + 2 S2 O2−
3 2 I − + S4 O2−
6

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 miq.sh úNd. jHqy.; rpkd m%Yak

01. my; i`oyka jHqyj, wvx.= (Sa yd Sb jYfhka kï lr we;s) tla tla S mrudKq fol yd (Na yd Nb jYfhka
kï lr we;s) tla tla N mrudKq fol i`oyd fjka fjka jYfhka TlaislrK wxlh o ixhqc;djh o wod<
fldgqj ;=< ,shkak.

−
O
O
− + ..
O Sa Sb O Na Nb

O
O−

TlaislrK TlaislrK
mrudKqj ixhqc;djh mrudKqj ixhqc;djh
wxlh wxlh

Sa Na

Sb Nb

02. Mn2+ ,jKhla, wdï,sl udOHl §, PbO2 iu`. r;a l< úg, oïmeye;s ødjKhla (MnO−
4 ) iEfok w;r, PbO2
Pb2+ j,g mßj¾;kh fõ.

i) wod< ;=,s; w¾O whksl m%;sl%shd my; ,shkak.

ii) Mn2+ yd PbO2 w;r iafgdhslsfhdañ;sh my; ,shkak.

Mn2+ : PbO2 = ………………… : …………………

03.
i) Z hkq f,dayuh uq,øjHhls. wdï,sl udOHl § ZO−
4 whk u`.ska Tlaif,aÜ (C2O4 ) whk, CO2 njg
2−

mßj¾;kh fõ. fuu m%;sl%shdfõ § ZO4− whk, ZO+ whk njg mßj¾;kh fõ. wod< ;=<s; whksl w¾O
m%;sl%shd my; ,shkak.

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 ii) C2O2−
4 iy ZO4 whk w;r m%;sl%shdfõ iafgdhslsfhdañ;sh ,shkak .
−

C2O2−
4 : ZO4 = ……………………………………………………….. : ………………………………………………………..
−

04. I − whk ujq, 6 la M2O2−

3 whk ujq, tlla iu`. wdï,sl udOHfha § iïmq¾Kfhka m%;sl%shd lr I2 iy M
n+

whk idohs.

i) n ys w.h l=ula o?

ii) M2O2−
3 , M njg mßj¾;kh ùu ksrEmKh lrk w¾O m%;sl%shdj i`oyd ;=,s; iólrKh ,shkak.
n+

05. NH4NO3 r;a l< úg tlu M,hla f,i N2O yd H2O fohs. wod< TlaislrK iy TlaisyrK w¾O m%;sl%shd
i`oyd ;=<s; ridhksl iólrK my; ,shkak.

i) TlaislrK w¾O m%;sl%shdj

ii) TlaisyrK w¾O m%;sl%shdj

06. NdIañl udOHfha § Cr2O3, CrO2−

4 njg mßj¾;kh ùug wod< whksl w¾O m%;sl%shdj i`oyd ;=<s;
iólrKhla ,shkak.

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 miq.sh úNd. nyqjrK m%Yak

O
01. weisge,aäyhsâ (CH3 — C — H) ys ldfndkhs,a ldnkaj, TlaislrK wxlh jkqfha,

(i) +2 (ii) 0 (iii) +1 (iv) -1 (v) -2

02. wdï,slD; udOHhl § Cr2O2−

7 iy H2O2 w;r m%;sl%shdfõ § H2O2, O2 j,g TlaislrKh ù Cr2O7 , Cr j,g
2− 3+

mßj¾;kh fõ' fuu m%;sl%shdj i`oyd ksjerÈ iólrKh jkqfha,

(i) Cr2O2−
7 + 8H + H2O2 → 2Cr
+ 3+ + 5H2O + O2

(ii) Cr2O2−
7 + 8H + 3H2O2 → 2Cr
+ 3+ + 7H2O + 3O2

(iii) Cr2O2−
7 + 8H + 5H2O2 → 2Cr
+ 3+ + 9H2O + 5O2

(iv) Cr2O2−
7 + 8H + 7H2O2 → 2Cr
+ 3+ +11H2O + 7O2

(v) Cr2O2−
7 + 8H + 9H2O2 → 2Cr
+ 3+ + 13H2O + 9O2

03. CH2Cl2 ys ldnka mrudKqfõ TlaislrK wxlh yd ixhqc;dj jkqfha ms<sfj,ska,

(i) -2 iy 4 (ii) +2 iy 4 (iii) 0 iy 4 (iv) +4 iy 0 (v) 0 iy +2

04. S2O2−
3 whkfha uOH mrudKqfjys ixhqc;d iy TlaislrK wxlh ms<sfj,ska

(i) 2 iy +4 fõ' (ii) 4 iy +6 fõ' (iii) 6 iy +4 fõ' (iv) 6 iy +2 fõ' (v) 4 iy +4 fõ'

05. my; i`oyka wKqfõ S(1) yd S(2) mrudKqj, TlaislrK ;;a;aj jkqfha ms<sfj,ska
F
F — S(1) — S(2) — F
F

(i) +1 iy +3 (ii) +4 iy +2 (iii) +3 iy +1 (iv) -3 iy -1 (v) +2 iy +2

06. my; i`oyka tajdhska l=uk TlaislrK - TlaisyrK m%;sl%shdjla fõo?

(i) 2CrO4− + 2H+ → Cr2O2−

7 + H2O (iv) Ca(COO)2 → CaCO3 + CO
(ii) CaCO3 → CaO + CO2 (v) CO2 + H2O → H2CO3
(iii) N2O4 → 2NO2

07. H2O2, wdï,slD; MnO4− iu`. m%;sl%shd lr O2, Mn2+ iy H2O muKla ,nd fohs' wdï,slD; udOHhl § H2O2
ujq,hla iu`. m%;sl%Shdj i`oyd wjYH MnO4− ujq, ixLHdj,

(i) 0.4 (ii) 0.8 (iii) 2.0 (iv) 2.5 (v) 5.0

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 08. 2NO2(g) + H2O(l) → HNO3(aq) + HNO2(aq) hk m%;sl%shdfõ §,

(i) khsg%cka TlaislrKhg muKla Ndckh fõ'

(ii) khsg%cka TlaisyrKhg muKla Ndckh fõ'
(iii) khsg%cka TlaislrKhg fukau TlaisyrKhg o Ndckh fõ'
(iv) khsg%ckaj, TlaislrK wjia:dfõ fjkila isÿ fkdfõ'
(v) c,h, Tlaisldrlhla jYfhka o Tlaisydrlhla jYfhkao l%shdlrhs'

09. I − whk ujq, tlla TlaislrKh lsÍu i`oyd jeäu ujq, ixLHdjla wjYH jkafka my; i`oyka l=ulska o?

(i) Cl2 (ii) K2CrO4 (iii) K2Cr2O7 (iv) FeCl3 (v) KMnO4

10. my; ±lafjk whkfha khsÜrcka yd i,a*¾ mrudKqj, TlaislrK wxl ms<sfj,ska
.. .. ..
H—N—S=O ..

H O
..
..

..

(i) -3 iy +2 (iii) -3 iy +4 (v) +3 iy +6

(ii) -3 iy +6 (iv) +1 iy +4

11. laIdÍh udOHhl § ld¾ñl wmc,h OCl− iu`. msßhï lsÍfuka wm c,fhys wvx.= ihkhsâ whk my;
i`oyka iólrKhg wkqj N2 iy ldnfkaÜ whkj, mßj¾;kh fõ'
2CN− + 50Cl− + 2OH − → 2CO2− −
3 + N2 + 5Cl + H2 O
fuu m%;sl%shdj iïnkaOj my; i`oyka l==uk m%ldY(h) ksjerÈ o?

(a) OCl− ys Tlaisckaj, TlaislrK wxlh 0 isg -2 olajd fjkia fõ'

(b) ldnkaj, TlaislrK wxlh +2 isg +4 olajd fjkia fõ'
(c) khsg%ckaj, TlaislrK wxlh -3 isg 0 olajd fjkia fõ'
(d) laf,daÍkaj, TlaislrK wxlh +1 isg -1 olajd fjkia fõ'

12. tl u ridhksl úfYaIh tlúg TlaislrKhg fukau TlaisyrKhg o Ndckh jk m%;sl%shdjla

oaúOdrlrKh hkqfjka ye`Èkafõ' my; i`oyka m%;sl%shd j,ska l=ula/ l=uk tajd oaúOdlrK/ oaúOdlrKhla
fõo?

(a) 2H2O2 → 2H2O + O2 (c) Cu2+ + Zn → Cu + Zn2+

(b) Cl2 + OH − → HOCl + Cl− (d) 2CuCl → CuCl2 + Cu

13. my; i`oyka mßj¾;k j,ska l=uk tl/ tajd TlaislrKhla fyda TlaisyrKhla fyda fkdfõ o?

(a) N2O3 → N2O (c) OCl− → Cl−

(b) 4 → Cr2O7
CrO2− 2−
(d) SO3 → SO2−
4

14. TlaislrK m%;sl%shdjla iy TlaisyrK m%;sl%shdjla ish`:u ridhksl m%;sl%shd oaúOdlrK m%;sl%shdfõ'
iEu úg u iu.dój isÿ fõ'

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