First Year Engineering (DIT)

Unit-III
Vehicles & Their Specifications

Automobile:
Vehicle is a device or machine which is used to transport human as well as goods, specially on
roads.
An automobile, auto car or motor car is a self propelled wheeled motor vehicle used for
transporting passenger and goods on ground.

Classification of Automobile:
a. Based on Purpose:
1. Passenger vehicles
2. Goods vehicle
3. Special purpose vehicle
b. Based on Capacity
1. Heavy motor vehicle ( HMV)
2. Medium load vehicle
3. Light motor vehicle (LMV)
c. Based on fuel source:
1. Petrol engine vehicle
2. Diesel engine vehicle
3. Gas vehicle
4. Electric Vehicle
5. Solar vehicle
6. Hybrid vehicle
d. Based on type of transmission
1. Automatic transmission vehicle
2. Manual transmission vehicle
3. Semi automatic transmission vehicle
e. Transport vehicle
1. Heavy Transport vehicle (HTV)
2. Light Transport vehicle (LTV)
f. On basis of body style
1. Closed cars such as hatch back, sedan, etc
2. Open cars such as convertible, sports cars
3. Special cars such as station wagon, estate version
g. On basis of drive
1. Left hand drive vehicle
2. Right hand drive vehicle

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h. With respect to driving axle of vehicle
1. Front wheel drive
2. Rear wheel drive
3. All wheel drive
i. Based on of wheels
1. Two wheelers
2. Three wheelers
3. Four wheelers
4. Six wheelers
j. On basis of suspension
1. Conventional – using leaf spring
2. Independent – using coil spring

Vehicles Specifications:
The parameters which provide all details of the vehicle is called vehicle specifications.
Various automobile manufactures design and develop new type of vehicle model every
year based on market needs.
Large number of similar vehicles available in the market, we need parameters for
comparing various model. These parameters are called as vehicle specification.

Commonly used vehicle specifications are:

1. Vehicle Manufacturer’s Name and Model Number

2. Engine Specifications
3. Type of Fuel Used
4. Transmission / Gear Box Specifications
5. Clutch Type
6. Braking System Specifications
7. Steering Mechanism Type
8. Wheels and Tyre Specifications
9. Overall dimensions- Length, Width and Height of Vehicle
10. Wheel Base, Wheel Track, Ground Clearance
11. Kerb Weight, Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW), Pay Load (for Commercial Vehicles)
12. Number of Passengers (for Passenger Vehicles)

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Variant: A form or version of something that differs in some respect from other forms of the
same thing or from a standard. (Model)

Engine Type: (e.g. Air cooled, 4 or 2 stroke, single or multy cylinder)

Displacement (Cubic centimeter “CC”):The term “cc” stands for Cubic Centimeters or simply
cm³ which is a metric unit to measure the engines Capacity or its volume.
Engine displacement is the measure of the cylinder volume swept by the pistons excluding
the combustion chamber.

Maximum Power: In automobile engines as engine speed increases the power output of engine
increases. It becomes maximum at certain engine speed. ( HP @ rpm)
In engineering, time rate of doing work or delivering energy, expressible as the amount of work
done W, or energy transferred, divided by the time interval t—or W/t
Maximum Power : ………[email protected] [PS = pferdestarke]
1 PS = 0.98632 HP
e.g. 14 PS @ 7500 rpm means the engine is capable of delivering 14 PS power the crankshaft
rotates at a speed of 7500 rpm.

Maximum Torque: Torque means a force that tends to cause rotation.

In automobile as engine speed increases the output torque of engine increases. It becomes
maximum at certain speed of engine & it drops as engine speed increases further.(N-m @Rpm)

Fuel Capacity: Automotive manufacturers will design the fuel tank keeping a standard number of
kilometers that a vehicle can travel with one full tank of fuel (Measured in Liters )
Cooling System: Internal combustion engine cooling uses either air or liquid to remove the
waste heat from an internal combustion engine.

Drive Type: Drive type is a way of transmitting mechanical power from one place to another e.g.
Chain drive, shaft drive, FWD, RWD, etc.

Fuel Supply: The function of the fuel system is to store and supply exact amount of fuel to the
cylinder chamber where it can be mixed with air, vaporized, and burned to produce energy
The basic fuel supply system in an automobile petrol engine consists of a fuel tank, fuel Lines,
fuel pump, fuel filter, air cleaner, carburetor, intake manifold.

Clutch: A clutch is a mechanical device that engages and disengages power transmission,
especially from a drive shaft

Transmission: The power generated in the engine of the automobile is transmitted to the wheels
for their movement with the help of transmission system

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Gear Box: This is a component which houses the complete gear mechanism. The purpose of the
gear box is to change the engine torque and speed in to torque and speed required by the wheels
of an automobile

Compression Ratio: the ratio of the maximum to minimum volume in the cylinder of an internal
combustion engine.

Suspension: To isolate the passengers and the other vehicle components from the irregularities
of road surface suspension system is used. It consist spring and damper assembly.

Speedometer: An instrument on a vehicle's dashboard indicating its speed.

(Analogue / Digital)

Ground Clearance: Ground clearance is the minimum amount of distance between the bottom
of the vehicle body and the ground.

Wheel Base: wheelbase is the distance between the centers of the front and rear wheels

Weight:
Kerb weight: The weight of a car without occupants or baggage. (the weight of
our vehicle when empty)

Gross weight: The Gross Vehicle Weight is basically the maximum total weight of your vehicle
counting the curb weight plus the weight of your passengers, fuel, any accessories added to
the vehicle

Chassis: A chassis is a base frame of a vehicle upon which rest of the components are set.

Ignition System: An ignition system generates a spark or heats an electrode to a high

temperature to ignite a fuel-air mixture in spark ignition internal combustion engines, oil-fired
and gas-fired boilers, rocket engines, etc.
he purpose of the ignition system is to create an electric spark in the engine combustion
chamber, at exactly the right time, which will ignite the mixture of air & fuel.

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Vehicle Specification Parameters

Fuel Type: Petrol/ Diesel
Engine Type
Method of cooling
Displacement
No of cylinders
Max. Power
Engine Max. Torque
Valves per cylinder
Fuel delivery: Carburetor/ Fuel pump/ injectors
Compression Ratio
Bore/ Stroke
Compression Ratio
Top Speed
Fuel Tank Capacity (Liters)
Reserve fuel capacity ( Liters)
Fuel Consumption
Mileage (kmpl)
Overall riding Range
Gear box: 4 Speed/ 5 Speed etc
Clutch: Centrifugal clutch / wet multi plate
Transmission
clutch / single plate clutch
Manual / Automatic/ Semi automatic
Front brake type : Drum/ Disc
Braking
Rear brake type : Drum/ Disc
Front Suspension: Telescopic Hydraulic Shock
absorber
Suspension
Rear Suspension: Spring Loaded Hydraulic
Damper
Wheel Type & Size: Spoke or Alloy wheel
Wheels & Tyres Tyre: Tubeless
Tyre Size
Battery Voltage: 12 V/ 18 V/ 24 V
Wheel Base
Length (mm)
Width (mm)
Height (mm)
Wheel Base (mm)
Body Dimensions Ground Clearance (mm)
Kerb weight (kg)
Gross weight (kg)
Front Track
Rear Track
Turning Radius/ No of Doors/ Seating
Capacity
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Vehicle Specification of Two Wheeler:
Honda Shine

Specification

Engine Type Single Cylinder, 4-Stroke, SI Engine

Displacement 124.73 cc
Max Power 10.30 PS @ 7500 rpm
Cooling System Air Cooled
Drive Type Chain Drive
Fuel Supply Carburetor
Clutch Wet, Multi Plate
Transmission Manual
Gear Box 5 Speed
Bore (Dia.) 52.4 mm
Stroke 57.8 mm
Compression Ratio 9.2:1
Front Suspension Telescopic Fork
Speedometer Analogue
Length 2007 mm
Width 762 mm
Height 1085 mm
Fuel Capacity 10.5 L
Ground Clearance 160 mm
Weight 120 Kg
Tyre Size (Dia.) Front :-18,
Rear :-18
Tyre Type Tubeless
Front Brake Disc brake
Rear Brake Drum brake

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Two-wheeler Specification Comparison: