ulation of ic Formula ‘ect of a Formula hanging the Subj / eat hatin general aformul expresses Ulin alga ‘of variables to write instructions for performing a calculation, terms by making Use meter P ofa rectangle is given by P= ae: 2b, where I and For example the Peri ebreadth ofthe rectangle respectively. Are we able bree a forthe length, J of the rectangle in terms of P and by to fine In Book 1, wehavell f a Formula) (Changing the Subject of a {Moke [the subject ofthe formula P= 21+ 26 Gi) Hence, calculate the value of! when P= 132 and b=30. 21 + 26~2b (ubract 2b from both sides) a 2 (divide by on both sides) P-2 2 1. @ Makea je ole 7 subject ofthe formula v= u-+at, Eerie Quis » Biers ind the value ofa when t= 4, w= 10 and v-=50. ame ve simple ir . i" imple interes S! payable on an investment is given by = PT where SP 100" isthe principal, Ro is the i l interest rate on E the numberof years thatthe investment ne mene ae (0 Make 7 the subject ofthe formula yx PRT Gi) Hence, find the nur oo) z imber of years th be held in rs that an initial invest Deheld ina bank that pays simple inure i iment of $50 000 must I an interest of $4000, arate of 2% per annum to 0 ecm oxi Scanned with CamScanner(3+ 2x) x 2ox 342x (multiply by 3.4 wultiply by 3 2t on both sides) 3y + 2ay = 2~x Distributive Lay) ay + 2x + -x4+x(add ayt 2yt 10 both sides) gy 39+ 2 +8 = 2—3y (Subtract 3y fr eka 3y nt? FOm both sides) xQy+1)=2~3y wOy+0) _ 2-3y 4. DyaT ~ By (Aivide by 2y+1 on both sides) When y= ~2, 2-3-2) FEUD 246 al 1. () Make x the subject of the formula y=22*5. {i Hence, find the value of x when y=-3. be 2. @ Make kthe subject of the formula p =a". {i) Hence, find the value of k when a= 1, b=~2, p=3andx=9. Worked (Changing the Subject of a Formula) Exampl. (i) Make x the subject of the formula Yor +b=k. mp Giy Hence, calculate the value ofx when a=4, k=-l. Solution: @) Yartb=k ax+b =B (take the cube on both sides) ar+b—b =k —b (subtract b from both sides) ax=k-b ax _ Rb ax _ R=P vide by aon both sides) __ Ss ——Figebrae Fractions and Formulae Chapter 8 Tochangethe sbjctolafoomula inv ager acho we Cay uth sep 3 low Step : Cnt the factions. Step 2: Manistee equation Such bata the te trith the uknn which wre need to express a8, the bjt ae onthe lhsand ide US te exeston Step: Fcorsetheexresion on the LHS ofthe eation, cess vide bth sides of he tquation sch that oly ‘Bosbjectr he ela remain onthe WS. Step Exercise 6C Questions 20(@, Blab 10,15, =3and canned with CamScannery= fb? -4ax. 1. (i Make x the subject of the formula 3y i Aare ii) Hence, find the value of x when a= 5, i bx 2. (i) Makex the subject of the formula p= a+ 3~ sand p= =2,k=1andp=5. ii) Hence, find the value of x when a= -1, b= 2, k inding the Value of an Unknown in a Formula Finding the Value of an Unknown in a Formula In solving problems, we often need to change the subject of a formula to make it easier to find the value of an unknown. For example, if the volume V of a cylinder is 780 cm? and its height h is 10 em, how can we find the base radius r ofthe cylinder? We first make r the subject of the formula V = 70°h before substituting in the values of Vand A. 1 Can we substitute the values of V and f into the formula V= zv2h before solving the equation to find the value of r? 2. Are the values ofr obtained the same? Explain your answer, From the class discussion, able to substitute the formula. 1, we observe that to find the value of an unknown, we are given values into a formula without changing the subject of the Bre “ wa Scanned with CamScanner(Finding they, ed alueof an Unk work ‘1 0 the Sujet a8 Unkrown ination Charan pemula} le am Given that y = nity cee 6) the value of when x= () the value of swhen sa {take the square on both sides) Exercise 6C Questions 4-5, 12-13,19 . Given that @) the value of y when x=5, (b) the value of x when y=4. +16 O a Given thata=, see Spas’ find the value of b when a= =4andz=3. Given that j= = 2, find the value of x when y= 42 Scanned with CamScannerWorked 1 1/2 eter eact of the fllensing erations si Fxample ; plv by the LOM of Sand 3, 1. 15 =0 re (th ~ 3) ~ 42b~$) = 0 multiply by the LOM of 2h ~ Sand b- 3, ie. (h-Sub- 3» 6b-1R-Bb4 2020 -MheleO -2he -2 2he2 abel PRACTISE NOW 1 Solve each of the following equations. a-32a-1 (a) Scanned with CamScanner,Exercise 6c ineach of the following cases, ma : + ‘pe brackets the subject ofthe formule = ter im y bl tm a (a) In each ofthe following cases, mak th . thebrackes the subject ofthe formula te” La ont a) ) S9-r=B a i (@ “fe=3 8 @ A=da+byh ui 3, In each of the following cases, make the letter in the brackets the subject of the formula, (a) fh-k=m {hy (b) b= {D+ 4ac (D) a Pee mM @ Az fxn? (6) 360 4, Given that ax” -b =, find the values of x when b=Tandc=5. 6, Solve each of the following equations. a 3 @ 5-3 o 610, 3 © 5-357? 0 Ft 3 1 ® Rana TEE 7. In each of the following cases, make the letter in the brackets the subject of the formula. =2, @ F=2c4n ta (b) A= 252 4 al i" Lae (© sousdar ta @ S=Fa+~-d) Ud) 8. In each of the following cases, make the letter in the brackets the subject of the formula. tal fa bl {6 9. Ineach of the following cases, make the letter in the brackets the subject of the formula. a ) Yau +205 i) © y=G-ph +g &] a 10. Given that V=w7h+ 357, (make h the subject of the formula, find the value of h when V= 245 and r=7. 11, Given that (i) make b the subject of the formula, (ii find the value of b when a= 2 and ¢=5. 2 412. Given that sist) =3n, find (a) the value of p when m=5, n=7,x=4 and ye? (b) the value of n when m= 14, p=9,x=2and y=3, {© the values of y when m=5,n=4, p= 15 and x22, Scanned with CamScanner ‘Algebraic Fractions and Formulae. Chapter 6 @4p, find Larhe ge7 ut 9 phen wa 342, he 15nd 7 ven ea. a= 15400 and ach of the fo 14, solve each of19 et, (© 51° 20-5") 15. In optics, the focal length, fem, ofa lens, can be 11 calculated using the formula 4 =+4+ 4, where wem and v em are the object distance and the image distance from the centre of the lens respectively. () Make y the subject of the formula ==, (i Hence, find the image distance when the focal length of the lens is 20 em and the object distance is 30 em. 16. The time taken, T seconds, for a pendulum to complete one oscillation is given by the formula re2xft 8 and g is taken to be 10 ms. ) Make {the subject of the formula r=anft : where /mis the length of the pendulum (i) Hence, find the length of the pendulum if it takes 12 seconds to complete 20 oscillations. 17. The amount of energy, E joules (J), stored in an object with a mass of m k is given by the formula Eemghe zm", where A m is the height of the object above the ground, v m s" is the velocity of the object and g is taken to be 10 ms. (@ Given that v = 0, make v the subject of the formula E=mghs Sm? Gi) Hence, find the velocity of an object with a mass of 05 kg, ifit is 2 m above th e hhas 100 J of energy. foundand al 18, Given that “> x 19. Given that y=3x+ YasB?, fing {a) the value of y when a= 13 4 (b) the value of a when b= 13, (© the values of b whena=23 , find thea, uy 2 B. 20, The resistance of a Wite,R ohms proportional to its length, py ig proportional to the square of is, eae x (a) Express R in terms of , rang, 2" (b) Make r the subject ofthe fon (0 @ Given that a wire with aj a radius of 05 em hasa rig, use your answer in (a to fing Gi Hence, use your answering radius of a wire witha lenghg resistance of 60.9. Mk Scanned with CamScanner1, Thevalue ofa faction remain unchan + re multiplied or divided by the same non. ie i where B, c# 0- en 4. When we muliply 5 by 5, we have: where b, d#0. When we divide ¢ by 5, we have: ad _axd “bx eis where b, c, d#0. Review. Exercise 1. Simplify each of the following. rary? (b) Oxy @ ed if both its fenomi lumerator and de it ero number or expression: 10 wyr8ae Sa+10b @ Great lac + 20be 2 pi-4p+4 0 © p-2p ® 3w? = 12 Bw? + Bw 3.9246 o (h) 5759246 ——~Figebraie Fractions and Formulae Chapter 6 OXFORD Scanned with CamScannerlowing. Fi : the fll . Simplify each oF a, 2 _ 2 () Toap* 73d (a) “Ge “ab axel 1 5k @) Grady” 5-9 0 Up-a , 20'¢* © : my (p-a'y man vere ) Syste 7-2 dy -1y +16 Y-2 3, Express each of the following as a fraction in its simplest form. @ o-% « Bek Wie © ayy O aa © fas mcs ave © ae -3 y oa In each of the following cases, make the letter in the brackets the subject of the formu, @ Arte. ta w az a(l4 55) i (@ ott a @ kent ti © a= = [2 0) () x+iPre=k BI Given that ay? -c = 5k, find (a) the value of k when a=3, (b) the value of c when a=4, 6. Given that a? + a*b = 320, find (a) the value of b when a= 8, (b) the values of a when b= 22. 7. Given that Venti + 3 a find {a) the value of V when = 3.142, (©) the value of h when x= 3.142, (© the values of R when x= 3.142, V=3500, f= 17 andr (2) the value of r when x:=3.142, R= 11, V= 4600 and h= 69. 12, h=14andr= 8. Solve each of the following equations. @ = 5 oO 5 Scanned with CamScanner10. pan electrical circuit, when two esistors are istors is connected she two Fesistors is Biven by the formuta 1 1-7 iM parallel, the effective resistance, R ohms (Q), of resistors in ors, ROR “Rs Where R, and R, are the resistances ofthe individual gg Make R the subject ofthe formula 1.1 qa Hence, find the effective resistance of ROR = 2and R= 3, equation of a circle is given by 1 reat thectcle and ris the rage OU (oF y the subject of the formula @ Make y the subj formula (x— gy: _ fa Hence ind the » coordinates of ho of O~ DEF +O- dF =P, where (a, b) are the coordinates of the =2,b=3,r=Sandx=5. Challenge Yourself (asby? ‘abe Hint: You need to apply one of the laws of indices, simplify exe ba es Given that “ii )> + find the value of n and of k. Hint: You need to apply one of the laws of indices. a+b: Ifa, b and c are non-zero constants such that _(a-b\Xb-ce-a) (a-by and po PO OE=O show that p= SP, Scanned with CamScanner