Implementation of key and integrity constraints:

Implementation of key and integrity constraints are given below as

 SQL Primary key

SQL Primary key:

 A primary key is a field in a database table that uniquely identifies each row/record.

 This is also one type of Integrity Constraint. Primary keys must have distinct values.

 Null values are not allowed in a primary key column.

 A table can only have one primary key, which can be made up of one or more fields.

 It creates a composite key when several fields are used as a primary key

Syntax:

Create table table_name

Column_name1 datatype NOT NULL,

1
Column_name2 datatype,

.....

Column_namendatatype,

PRIMARY KEY (column_name1)

Code

create table student(id int not null,name varchar(20),marks int,grade varchar(5),primary

select * from student;

The image depicted below demonstrates the table created with id, name, marks, and grade
fields.

Input:

Output:

2
Explanation:

 By using the above query, it will create the table named student with appropriate fields.

 Id belongs to the not-null constraints, the name belongs to varchar datatype, marks
belong to varchar datatype, and finally, the id field is set to primary key constraints.

Foreign key:

 Foreign keys help ensure the consistency of your data while providing some ease.

 This is also a type of integrity constraint. You are responsible for keeping track of inter-
table dependencies and preserving their consistency from within your applications if
you don't use international keys.

 In certain situations, doing so isn't even that difficult. It’s only a matter of adding a few
more delete sentences to ensure that all is in order.

Syntax

CREATE TABLE table_name1

Column_name1 datatype NOT NULL,

Column_name2 datatype ,

...

Column_nameNdatatype ,

PRIMARY KEY (Column_name1)

3
CREATE TABLE table_name2

Column_name1 datatype NOT NULL,

Column_name2 datatype NOT NULL,

Column_name3 datatype ,

....

Column_nameNdatatype ,

PRIMARY KEY (Column_name1, Column_name2),

FOREIGN KEY (Column_name1) REFERENCES table_name2 (Column_name1) ON DELETE

Code

CREATE TABLE studnew

stu_id INT NOT NULL,

stu_name varchar(20),

stu_class Varchar(20),

PRIMARY KEY (stu_id)

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CREATE TABLE classnew

stu_id INT NOT NULL,

class_id INT NOT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (stu_id, class_id),

FOREIGN KEY (stu_id) REFERENCES stud (stu_id) ON DELETE CASCADE

Select * from studnew

input:

5
OUTPUT:

NOT NULL CONSTRAINTS:

 The not null constraint tells a column that it can't have any null values in it.

 This is also a type of integrity constraint. This forces a field to always have a value,
meaning you can't create a new record or change an existing one without adding a value
to it.

Syntax

Create table table_name

Column_name1 datatype NOT NULL,

Column_name2 datatype,

......

Column_namendatatype,
6
)

Code:

create table student1(id int not null,name varchar(20),marks int,grade varchar(5));

select * from student1;

Input:

Output:

Unique Key

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  A collection of one or more table fields/columns that uniquely identify a record in a
database table is known as a unique key.

 This is also a type of integrity constraint. It’s similar to a primary key, but it can only
accept one null value and cannot have duplicate values.

 Both the special key and the primary key ensure that a column or group of columns is
unique. A Unique key is generated automatically.

Syntax

CREATE TABLE Table_name (

Column_Name1 DataType NOT NULL UNIQUE,

Column_Name2 DataType NOT NULL,

Column_Name3 DataType,

.......

Column_NameNDataType

);

Code

CREATE TABLE Student_DB (

S_ID int NOT NULL UNIQUE,

L_Name varchar(255) NOT NULL,

F_Name varchar(255),

Age int);

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Input:

Output: