ASSIGNMENT-3

1. Write a program in C to extract a substring from a given string.

#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

int extract(int from, int to, char *string, char *subString)

int i=0, j=0;

//get the length of the string.

int length = strlen(string);

if( from > length || from < 0 ){

printf("The index 'from' is invalid\n");

return 1;

if( to > length ){

printf("The index 'to' is invalid\n");

return 1;

for( i = from, j = 0; i <= to; i++, j++){

subString[j] = string[i];

return 0;
int main()

char string[100];

char subString[50];

int from,to;

printf("Enter a string: ");

fgets(string,100,stdin);

printf("Enter the index 'from': ");

scanf("%d",&from);

printf("Enter the index 'to': ");

scanf("%d",&to);

printf("The string is : %s",string);

if( extract(from, to, string, subString) == 0 )

printf("The sub-string is : %s", subString);

else

printf("ERROR!\n");

return 0;

OUTPUT:
Enter a string: Welcome to StackHowTo

Enter the index 'from': 11

Enter the index 'to': 20

The string is : Welcome to StackHowTo

The sub-string is : StackHowTo

2.Write a C program to check whether a given substring is present in the given string

#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
char str[80],search[20];
int c1=0,c2=0,i,j,flg;

printf("\n\nCheck whether a given substring is present in the given string

:\n");
printf("-------------------------------------------------------------------\n");

printf("Input the string : ");

fgets(str, sizeof str, stdin);

printf("Input the substring to be search : ");

fgets(search, sizeof search, stdin);

while (str[c1]!='\0')
c1++;
 c1--;

while (search[c2]!='\0')
c2++;
c2--;

for(i=0;i<=c1-c2;i++)
{
for(j=i;j<i+c2;j++)
{
flg=1;
if (str[j]!=search[j-i])
{
flg=0;
break;
}
}
if (flg==1)
break;
}
if (flg==1)
printf("The substring exists in the string.\n\n");
else
printf("The substring is not exists in the string. \n\n");
}
OUTPUT:
Input the string : This is a test string.
Input the substring to be search : search
The substring is not exists in the string.

3.Write a program in C to read a sentence and replace lowercase characters by uppercase and vice-versa

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>

void main()
{
char str[100];
int ctr, ch, i;

printf("\n\nReplace lowercase characters by uppercase and vice-versa :\n");

printf("--------------------------------------------------------------\n");

printf("Input the string : ");

fgets(str, sizeof str, stdin);

i=strlen(str);

ctr = i; /*shows the number of chars accepted in a sentence*/

printf("\nThe given sentence is : %s",str);

printf("After Case changed the string is: ");

for(i=0; i < ctr; i++)
{
ch = islower(str[i]) ? toupper(str[i]) : tolower(str[i]);
putchar(ch);
}
printf("\n\n");

OUTPUT:
Input the string : This Is A Test String

The given sentence is : This Is A Test String

After Case changed the string is: tHIS iS a tEST sTRING

4. Write a program in C to find the number of times a given word 'the' appears in the given string.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
void main()
{
int ctr=0,i,freq=0;
int t,h,e,spc;
char str[100];

printf("\n\nFind the number of times the word 'the ' in any combination appears :\n");
printf("----------------------------------------------------------------------\n");

printf("Input the string : ");

fgets(str,sizeof str,stdin);

ctr=strlen(str);

/*Counts the frequency of the word 'the' with a trailing space*/

for(i=0;i<=ctr-3;i++)
{
t=(str[i]=='t'||str[i]=='T');
h=(str[i+1]=='h'||str[i+1]=='H');
e=(str[i+2]=='e'||str[i+2]=='E');
spc=(str[i+3]==' '||str[i+3]=='\0');
if ((t&&h&&e&&spc)==1)
freq++;
}
printf("The frequency of the word \'the\' is : %d\n\n",freq);
}
OUTPUT:
Input the string : The stering where the word the present more then onces.
The frequency of the word 'the' is : 3
5. Write a program in C to Find the Frequency of Characters
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
char str[1000], ch;
int count = 0;

printf("Enter a string: ");

fgets(str, sizeof(str), stdin);

printf("Enter a character to find its frequency: ");

scanf("%c", &ch);

for (int i = 0; str[i] != '\0'; ++i) {

if (ch == str[i])
++count;
}

printf("Frequency of %c = %d", ch, count);

return 0;
}
Output
Enter a string: This website is awesome.
Enter a character to find its frequency: e
Frequency of e = 4