Media and Information Literacy

set of competencies that empowers citizens to access, Media and Information Literacy
retrieve, understand, evaluate and use, create as well as
share information and media content in all formats, using The essential skills and competencies that allow individuals to
various tools, in a critical, ethical and effective way, in order engage with media and other information providers
to participate and engage in personal, professional and effectively, as well as develop critical thinking and life-long
societal activities. - UNESCO learning skills to socialize and become active citizens.

The Media and Information Literacy course introduces the Technology Literacy
learners to basic understanding of media and information as
The either ability of an individual, working independently or
channels of communication and tools for the development of
with others, to responsibly, appropriately, technological and
individuals and societies. It also aims to develop students to
effectively use tools.
be

(1) creative and critical thinkers as well as

(2) responsible users and THE EVOLUTION OF MEDIA
History of Media
(3) competent producers of media and information
“No aspect of culture is untouched by communication
technology.”
PREFERENCE TRIBAL AGE
face-face interactions. (auditory) -the primary medium of
The selecting of someone or something over another or
communication was speech “oral society” - Equality in
others. information access lessens individualism
HABIT
“Acoustic space” VS rational or visual space
-interplay of all senses. -emphasis on the eye.
A recurrent, often unconscious pattern of behavior that is
acquired through frequent repetition.
AGE OF LITERACY
LIFESTYLE people utilize phonetics in communication (reading and
writing) the dominance of sight over the sensory balance of
A way of life or living of a person or group. the tribal man characterizes this age. – hieroglyphs

PRINT AGE
the invention of the Gutenberg Press or moveable type in the
Literacy 15th century; when the books and news papers are
The ability to identify, understand, interpret, create, proliferated.
communicate and compute, using printed and written
materials associated with varying contexts. - -INDUSTRIAL AGE (Print paren)

Knowledge restricted to was no longer the previleged rich and

Media the ruling class. :dominance of visual space and logical
The physical objects used to communicate with, or the mass thinking.
communication objects such as through radio, physical
sharing ideas became faster and aquiring information became
television, computers, film, etc. It also refers to any physical
easier. :Sense of homogeneity
object used to communicate messages.
Media and Information Age
information became for digitalized
Media Literacy
-internet and computers
The ability to access, create media in analyze, evaluate, and a
variety of forms. ----New Mexico-based Media Literacy
Project (MLP) THE EVOLUTION OF PHILIPPINE MEDIA

PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD
Information communication existed primarily through oral exchange or
written language (in Baybayin and Kavi Scripts, literature
A broad term covers processed that data, knowledge derived immortalized through scripts on leaves and barks of trees)
from experience, signals or study, instruction, symbols.
UMALOHOKAN or town crier (walking bulletin) bugtong
Information Literacy (riddle)
The ability to recognize when information is needed, and to
SPANISH PERIOD
locate, evaluate, and effectively communicate information in
its various formats. print media proliferated in the country and nationalistic
writings began to flourish.
Introduced to print using paper and ink
Doctrina Christiana
first ever published book in the Philippines (1593) INFORMATION LITERACY

DATA
Aviso al publico unstructured facts and figures that create the least impact on
first Spanish sheet of information (1809) the receiver.

Del Superior Gobierno INFORMATION

first regular newspaper in the country introduced by Spanish is data organized with relevance and purpose made
government in 1811 meaningful by a person.

La Esperanza KNOWLEDGE
first newspaper distributed daily in the country (1846) -human understanding of a subject matter derived from
experience, learning, and thinking. Example: the text on a
Diario de Manila – a printing press that the Spanish book are data; your consumption of text as information; and
government closed down in 1898 despite being in the the storage of this information within your memory as
businessfor almost 50 years after the Katipuneros used it in knowledge.
printing nationalistic leaflets.
WHAT IS INFORMATION LITERACY?
-La Solidaridad (1889) reformist from – established by the
the propaganda movement the ability to recognize when information is needed and to
locate, evaluate, effectively use and communicate information
CINEMA in its various formats
Pertierra, (Motion Picture) January 1, 1897.
INFORMATION LITERACY SKILLS
Antonio Ramos - opened up a movie house in Manila for the Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals
general public on August 1897. He used local scenesin manila (2012)
to attract patronage. -He is the first motion picture producer A need for information
in the country. Resources Available
How to find information
AMERICAN PERIOD The need to evaluate results
broadcast media were established and newspaper published How to work with or exploit results
by American journalists were introduced. Ethics and responsibility of use
How to communicate or share your feelings
The Manila Times (1898) How to manage your findings.
Manila Daily Bulletin (1900) A need for information
Resources Available Where do you search for information?
KZKZ (1922) introduced by Ex soldier Henry Herman Sr. How to find information

Francisco Trinidad “Father of Phil. Broadcasting” The need to evaluate results How will you determine
the quality and accuracy of the information that you
KOMIKS – formally introduced during the American period. have?

ANTONIO VELASQUEZ – “Father of Filipino Komiks” TRIANGULATION - method use to question the validity
reliability and accuracy of an information source.
JAPANESE PERIOD
most of the broadcast media were censored by the Japanese
forces To be able to become an information literate individual,
the Chartered Institute of Library and Information
They disbanded all publications except those used by the Professionals (2012) suggested the understanding of
Japanese government … the following:
In 1953, television was introduced in the country.
How to work with or exploit results?
MARTIAL LAW PERIOD Ethics and responsibility of use How do you use the
private media institutions were sequestered by the information that you have?
government but the film industry flourished How to communicate or share your findings?
Privately owned media institutions were taken over by the How to manage your findings?
government when Martial Law was declared on September
21, 1972. ETHICAL USE OF INFORMATION

Broadcast stations such as ABSCBN2, RPN 9 and IBC 13 were There are many issues surrounding the ethical use of
also sequestered by the government information in Philippine Society. In this information age,
millions of people in the world create and consume
POST-MARTIAL LAW PERIOD information without the knowledge of its proper usage which
freedom of expression, of speech, and of the press was often leads to misunderstanding or worse, legal sanctions.
reinstituted
Here are some of the concepts that one must be familiar with
POST-MARTIAL LAW PERIOD in practicing ethical use of information.
March 29, 1994- Benjie Tan (PLDT INTERNET)
PRIVACY

the state of being alone or being away from public attention.

How can you prevent violation of privacy?

ACCURACY

refers to the correctness of the information source to the

details of the information. Dates, place, persons involved and
other details are essential data in testing the accuracy of an
information source.

How can you evaluate the accuracy of information?

PLAGIARISM

to plagiarize is to use the words or ideas of another person as

if they were your own words and ideas.

Common Knowledge: Facts that can be found in numerous

places and are likely to be widely known.

Example: John F. Kennedy was elected President of the

United States in 1960. This is generally known information.
You do not need to document this fact

Quotation: Using someone’s words directly. When you use a

direct quote, place the passage between quotation marks,
and document the source according to a standard
documenting style. Example: According to John Smith in The
New York Times, “37% of all children under the age of 10 live
below the poverty line”.

Paraphrase

Using someone’s ideas, but rephrasing them in your own

words.

Although you will use your own words to paraphrase, you

must still acknowledge and cite the source of the information.