PAPER

MOTIVATION IN NURSING

Compiled By:

1. Muhammad Ithof Al – Hafiz (P1337420523057)

Supporting lecturer:
Sunarko S. PD, S.Tr. Kep, M. Med, Ed.

POLITEKNIK KESEHATAN
MENTERI KESEHATAN SEMARANG
PRODI KEPERWATAN MAGELANG
PROGAM DIPLOMA TIGA
2023

1
FOREWORD

I would like to express my praise and gratitude for the presence of Allah SWT who has
given me His blessings and mercy, so that I can finish this paper smoothly. Don't forget to give
prayers and greetings to our lord, Prophet Muhammad SAW, who has guided his people from the
path of darkness to the path of light.
Furthermore, I would like to express my thanks to Mr. Sunarko as the lecturer in the
Psychology course and to the parties who also provided support for the completion of this paper.
As a human being who is not immune to mistakes, there are no words that I can say other than
the deepest apologies if there are errors in writing this paper in terms of writing or content. I
really need constructive criticism and suggestions from readers for the sake of writing the next
paper. I hope that what I present can provide benefits and increase knowledge for readers. May
Allah always give guidance to every one of His servants who always try and learn.

Magelang, 11 October 2023

Writer,

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 LIST OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD.................................................................................................................................................2
LIST OF CONTENTS.......................................................................................................................................3
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................4
1.1 Background..................................................................................................................................4
1.2 Problem Formulation.........................................................................................................................4
1.3 Objectives..........................................................................................................................................5
1.4 Benefit.........................................................................................................................................5
CHAPTER II DISCUSSION..............................................................................................................................6
2.1 Understanding Feelings and Emotions..............................................................................................6
2.2 Characteristics of Feelings.................................................................................................................6
2.3 Factors that influence the emergence of feelings..............................................................................6
2.4 Emotional Components.....................................................................................................................7
2.5 Emotions and Physical Symptoms.....................................................................................................8
2.6 Theories - Emotion Theories..............................................................................................................9
2.7 Affect Disorders...........................................................................................................................9
2.8 Understanding Motives and Motive Development..........................................................................10
2.9 Various Motifs...........................................................................................................................10
2.10 Types of Motivation...................................................................................................................12
2.11 Motivation in Nursing................................................................................................................15
CHAPTER III CLOSING.................................................................................................................................17
3.1 Conclusion.................................................................................................................................17
BIBLIOGRAPHY...........................................................................................................................................18

3
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

One of the psychological materials that is very familiar with our daily lives is the emergence
of emotions. Many people think that emotions are a bad thing, something that is identified with
anger. However, in reality, emotions are not only anger, emotions can also be good. Then where
do these emotions arise, do they arise from the mind or from the body? It seems that no one can
answer that with certainty. Some say it is action first (body), then emotion appears, there are
those who say emotion first (thought), then action arises.
Emotions are not only anger, there are several basic emotions that humans have had since
birth. Therefore, we need to study psychology material about psychology so that we can
recognize our own emotions so that we can control and develop our emotions well.
The general view about emotions is that a person experiences an event in their environment
and this event forms emotions within us. Initially from the environment then the body reacts as a
response, then these physiological changes give rise to emotions. Not the other way around,
emotions give rise to reactions, different emotions are associated with identical
psychophysiological conditions that occur in the body, the organs in the body are not very
sensitive because they cannot always sort out different information when someone needs
experience to get an emotion, for example fear and tension. The development of changes in the
body is associated with the formation of emotions, if no normal stimulus is generated, the
individual will not experience an emotion that corresponds to a physical reaction. Related to this
description, this loss will discuss emotions in particular. about forms of emotional reactions and
emotional development
2 One of the psychological materials that is very familiar with our daily lives is
3 the emergence of emotions, many people think that emotions are something
4 bad, something that is identified with anger. But in reality it is an emotion
5 It's not just anger, emotions can also be good. Then where do those emotions come from?
6 whether it arises from the mind or from the body, no one seems to be able to answer it
7 with certainty. Some say it is an action first (the body), then emotions appear,
8 There are those who express emotions first (thoughts), then action arises.
9 Emotions are not only anger, there are several basic emotions that we already have
10 by humans from birth. Therefore we need to study psychology material about
11 psychology so that we can recognize emotions in ourselves so that we can
12 control and develop our emotions well.
13 The general view of emotions is when someone experiences an event in
14 It is the environment and these events that form emotions within us. Originally from
15 environment then the body reacts in response, then these physiological changes give rise to
16 emotion. Not the other way around, emotions give rise to reactions, different emotions are
associated with
17 psychophysiological identical states that occur in the body, internal organs of the body are
not very
4
18 sensitive. Because you can't always sort out different information when someone needs it
19 the experience of getting an emotion, for example fear and tension. Development
20 changes in the body are associated with the formation of emotions, if no stimulus occurs
21 Normally aroused, the individual will not experience an emotion that corresponds to the
reaction
22 physique. Related to this description, this loss will discuss emotions in particular
23 about forms of emotional reactions and emotional development
24 One of the psychological materials that is very familiar with our daily lives is
25 the emergence of emotions, many people think that emotions are something
26 bad, something that is identified with anger. But in reality it is an emotion
27 It's not just anger, emotions can also be good. Then where do those emotions come from?
28 whether it arises from the mind or from the body, no one seems to be able to answer it
29 with certainty. Some say it is an action first (the body), then emotions appear,
30 There are those who express emotions first (thoughts), then action arises.
31 Emotions are not only anger, there are several basic emotions that we already have
32 by humans from birth. Therefore we need to study psychology material about
33 psychology so that we can recognize emotions in ourselves so that we can
34 control and develop our emotions well.
35 The general view of emotions is when someone experiences an event in
36 It is the environment and these events that form emotions within us. Originally from
37 environment then the body reacts in response, then these physiological changes give rise to
38 emotion. Not the other way around, emotions give rise to reactions, different emotions are
associated with
39 psychophysiological identical states that occur in the body, internal organs of the body are
not very
40 sensitive. Because you can't always sort out different information when someone needs it
41 the experience of getting an emotion, for example fear and tension. Development
42 changes in the body are associated with the formation of emotions, if no stimulus occurs
43 Normally aroused, the individual will not experience an emotion that corresponds to the
reaction
44 physique. Related to this description, this loss will discuss emotions in particular
45 about forms of emotional reactions and emotional development
46 One of the psychological materials that is very familiar with our daily lives is
47 the emergence of emotions, many people think that emotions are something
48 bad, something that is identified with anger. But in reality it is an emotion
49 It's not just anger, emotions can also be good. Then where do those emotions come from?
50 whether it arises from the mind or from the body, no one seems to be able to answer it
51 with certainty. Some say it is an action first (the body), then emotions appear,
52 There are those who express emotions first (thoughts), then action arises.
53 Emotions are not only anger, there are several basic emotions that we already have
54 by humans from birth. Therefore we need to study psychology material about
55 psychology so that we can recognize emotions in ourselves so that we can
56 control and develop our emotions well.
57 The general view of emotions is when someone experiences an event in
58 It is the environment and these events that form emotions within us. Originally from
59 environment then the body reacts in response, then these physiological changes give rise to

5
60 emotion. Not the other way around, emotions give rise to reactions, different emotions are
associated with
61 psychophysiological identical states that occur in the body, internal organs of the body are
not very
62 sensitive. Because you can't always sort out different information when someone needs it
63 the experience of getting an emotion, for example fear and tension. Development
64 changes in the body are associated with the formation of emotions, if no stimulus occurs
65 Normally aroused, the individual will not experience an emotion that corresponds to the
reaction
66 physique. Related to this description, this loss will discuss emotions in particular
67 about forms of emotional reactions and emotional development
the emergence of emotions, many people think that emotions are something
bad, something that is identified with anger. But in reality it is an emotion
It's not just anger, emotions can also be good. Then where do those emotions come from?
whether it arises from the mind or from the body, no one seems to be able to answer it
with certainty. Some say it is an action first (the body), then emotions appear,
There are those who express emotions first (thoughts), then action arises
One of the psychological materials that is very familiar with our daily lives is
the emergence of emotions, many people think that emotions are something
bad, something that is identified with anger. But in reality it is an emotion
It's not just anger, emotions can also be good. Then where do those emotions come from?
whether it arises from the mind or from the body, no one seems to be able to answer it
with certainty. Some say it is an action first (the body), then emotions appear,
There are those who express emotions first (thoughts), then action arises
One of the psychological materials that is very familiar with our daily lives is
the emergence of emotions, many people think that emotions are something
bad, something that is identified with anger. But in reality it is an emotion
It's not just anger, emotions can also be good. Then where do those emotions come from?
whether it arises from the mind or from the body, no one seems to be able to answer it
with certainty. Some say it is an action first (the body), then emotions appear,
There are those who express emotions first (thoughts), then action arises
One of the psychological materials that is very familiar with our daily lives is
the emergence of emotions, many people think that emotions are something
bad, something that is identified with anger. But in reality it is an emotion
It's not just anger, emotions can also be good. Then where do those emotions come from?
whether it arises from the mind or from the body, no one seems to be able to answer it
with certainty. Some say it is an action first (the body), then emotions appear,
There are those who express emotions first (thoughts), then action arises
One of the psychological materials that is very familiar with our daily lives is
the emergence of emotions, many people think that emotions are something
bad, something that is identified with anger. But in reality it is an emotion
It's not just anger, emotions can also be good. Then where do those emotions come from?
whether it arises from the mind or from the body, no one seems to be able to answer it
with certainty. Some say it is an action first (the body), then emotions appear,
There are those who express emotions first (thoughts), then action arises
One of the psychological materials that is very familiar with our daily lives is

6
the emergence of emotions, many people think that emotions are something
bad, something that is identified with anger. But in reality it is an emotion
It's not just anger, emotions can also be good. Then where do those emotions come from?
whether it arises from the mind or from the body, no one seems to be able to answer it
with certainty. Some say it is an action first (the body), then emotions appear,
There are those who express emotions first (thoughts), then action arises
One of the psychological materials that is very familiar with our daily lives is
the emergence of emotions, many people think that emotions are something
bad, something that is identified with anger. But in reality it is an emotion
It's not just anger, emotions can also be good. Then where do those emotions come from?
whether it arises from the mind or from the body, no one seems to be able to answer it
with certainty. Some say it is an action first (the body), then emotions appear,
There are those who express emotions first (thoughts), then action arises

EMOTIONAL WORDS
PIG
INTRODUCTION
1. Background
One of the psychological materials that is very familiar to our daily lives is
the emergence of emotions, many people think that emotions are something
bad, something that is identified with anger. But in reality it is an emotion
It's not just anger, emotions can also be good. Then where do those emotions come from?
whether it arises from the mind or from the body, no one seems to be able to answer it
with certainty. Some say it is an action first (the body), then emotions appear,
There are those who express emotions first (thoughts), then action arises.
Emotions are not only anger, there are several basic emotions that we already have
by humans from birth. Therefore we need to study psychology material about
psychology so that we can recognize emotions in ourselves so that we can
control and develop our emotions well.
The general view of emotions is when someone experiences an event in
It is the environment and these events that form emotions within us. Originally from
environment then the body reacts in response, then these physiological changes give rise to
emotion. Not the other way around, emotions give rise to reactions, different emotions are
associated with
psychophysiological identical states that occur in the body, internal organs of the body are not
very
sensitive. Because you can't always sort out different information when someone needs it
the experience of getting an emotion, for example fear and tension. Development
changes in the body are associated with the formation of emotions, if no stimulus occurs
Normally aroused, the individual will not experience an emotion that corresponds to the reaction
physique. Related to this description, this loss will discuss emotions in particular
about forms of emotional reactions and development e
1.2 Problem Formulation

a) What is the meaning of feelings and emotions?

b) What are the characteristics of feelings?
7
c) What factors influence the emergence of feelings?
d) What are the components of emotion?
e) What are emotions and physical symptoms?
f) What are the theories of emotion?
g) What is affective disorder?
h) What is the meaning of motif and motif development?
i) What are the various motifs?
j) What are the types of motivation?
k) What are motivations in nursing?

1.3 Objectives

a) Know the meaning of feelings and emotions

b) Know the characteristics of feelings
c) Know the factors that influence the emergence of feelings
d) Know the components of emotion
e) Understand emotions and physical symptoms
f) Know the theories of emotion
g) Recognize affective disorders
h) Know the meaning of motive and the development of motive
i) Know the various motives
j) Know the types of motivators
k) Understand the types of motivation in nursing

1.4 Benefit

Increase the insight of writers and readers about the concept of emotion, motive and motivation

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 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

2.1 Understanding Feelings and Emotions

Feelings are a condition in human consciousness that results in a positive or negative

assessment of something that will or has been done, so that the form of assessment is always
subjective because it is based more on human considerations than rational actions.

For this reason, feelings completely fill human consciousness every moment of his life,
including strengthening and weakening actions.

Meanwhile, emotions are defined as reactions to certain situations carried out by the
body. Things that are usually related to a person's thinking (cognitive) activities, namely the
nature and intensity of emotions, which are the result of the perception of the situation that
occurs.

Emotions are one aspect that has a big influence on human attitudes during this time. This
is accompanied by two other aspects, namely the presence of thinking (cognitive) and
psychomotor (conative), usually emotions are often known as affective aspects, this is the
determination of attitudes, which is one of the predispositions of human behavior.

2.2 Characteristics of Feelings

As for the characteristics of the feelings that arise in eachindividual and group. Among others;

1. True feelings can be seen from the intensity of the behavior and actions that have been
carried out
2. Of course, the quality of a person's feelings can be seen from the quality of the expression
directed at them
3. Feelings in psychology are analyzed as having a certain time period

9
2.3 Factors that influence the emergence of feelings
The factors that influence or cause our emotions to appear consist of internal and external
factors which will be presented as follows.
Internal factors
Generally, a person's emotions appear closely related to what a person feels individually.
They feel dissatisfied, hate themselves and are unhappy. The emotional disorders they
experience include the following.

1. Feeling that their physical needs are not being met properly, resulting in dissatisfaction,
anxiety and hatred for what they experience.
2. Feeling hated, wasted, not understood and not accepted by anyone, including their
parents.
3. Feeling more hindered, denied, insulted and broken than supported, loved and responded
to, especially their ideas.
4. Feeling inadequate or stupid.
5. Feeling that they don't like their family life which is not harmonious, such as often
fighting, being rude, angry, fussy and divorced.
6. Feelings of suffering because they are jealous of their siblings because they are treated
and differentiated unfairly (Ilahi, et al. 2018).

External Factors
According to Cole (1963 in Warsah & Daheri, 2021, p. 109) the factors that influence
negative emotions are as follows.

1. Parents, guardians or teachers treat them like children which makes their self-esteem abused.
2. If hindered, children develop closeness with the opposite sex.
3. They are hindered too much rather than supported, for example they are blamed more,
criticized by parents, guardians, or teachers, will tend to become angry and express it by
going against their parents' wishes, berating teachers, or joining gangs and acting
destructively.
4. Parents are treated unfairly, for example by comparing them with their siblings who are more
accomplished and others.
5. Feeling that your needs are not being met by your parents even though your parents are
capable.
6. Feeling that they are being treated in an authoritarian manner, such as being asked to obey,
they are often criticized, punished and insulted.

2.4 Emotional Components

The emotional component consists of:

1. Neurovegetative components of emotions

10
 They are physical reactions that are reflected in our body. These reactions are
uncontrollable and seem to be whether they want to or not. For example, if we feel afraid,
tachycardia, sweating, trembling, muscle tension may appear ... Or if we feel embarrassed, we
may blush. Sometimes this reaction also causes changes in behavior indirectly, because we may
want to hide it.

For example, if we feel afraid, our body uses the energy of this emotion to prepare to
save usdanger, helps us be more effective in our response and causes changes in
neurotransmitters. So, in the case of flying, adrenaline comes into play.

The changes that appear are handled by the sympathetic nervous system. Increases
muscle tone, making our heart beat faster and that we have faster and more efficient reactions
than at rest. Once the threat has passed, our body must return to homeostasis and regulate all
body functions, this is the responsibility of the parasympathetic system.

2. Behavioral components

Regarding behavior, when we experience emotions, this can translate into very energetic
and impulsive actions. These changes can be reflected in our tonality, melody, or prosody. Facial
expressions also play a role, reflecting the impact that emotions have. Additionally, it tells
people in our environment about our feelings.

Facial expressions of emotion have generated much curiosity in the field of

psychology,they have starred in many studies.

These studies seem to indicate that these expressions are innate and universal, because
everyone presents the same for each emotion, and we are quite good at identifying them in other
people's emotions. So, they have an adaptive role: they allow knowing the mood of other people.

When we see someone crying, we know that he is not welland who might need our help.
You can also give us useful information to avoid problems: if we see someone very angry, we
move.
3. Cognitive component

It is the subjective experience of emotions, or what we usually call feelings. It's about
how we understand emotions and their impact on us. It allows us to name what we feel.
Sometimes, language limitations cause limitations in feelings and we come to the conclusion that
we do not know what is happening to us.

naming what we feel can greatly limit our ability to communicate,So adequate
emotional education is very important which helps us identify our emotions and the emotions of
others and translate them into words. Think that good emotional management has as a necessary
condition the correct identification of emotions.

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 Alexithymia is the impossibility of naming feelings. It's something like "emotional
blindness"which makes it impossible to understand how it feels. The problem is the cognitive
component of emotions, because although sufferers can feel emotions, they cannot understand
and name them.

As we have seen in this article emotions have three ramifications that make them more
complex than they seem at first. So, even though they are related to the most primitive biology of
our brains, we have the challenge of adapting each of their components to today's demands. The
task on the other hand is not simple.

The fine line that separates fear from phobia Many people distinguish between fear and
phobia, although in reality both start from the same, often unfounded, fear.

2.5 Emotions and Physical Symptoms

When someone experiences emotions, that individual will experience physical changes.
For example, if someone experiences fear, their face becomes pale, their heart races. So there is a
change in a person's physicality when the individual is experiencing emotions.

2.6 Theories - Emotion Theories

The following are emotional theories:

1. TheoryJames-Lange
James and Carl Lange (Sobur, 2003:401) argue thatemotionis the resultperceptiona person to
changes that occur in the body in response to various stimuli that come from outside. An event is
perceived to give rise to physiological changes and psychological changes called emotions.
2. TheoryCannon-Bard
Based on an approach to researchemotionby Phillip Bard in 1920, stated that the emotions
felt and the body's reaction to emotions are independent of each other,theoryThis states that the
body's reactions and the emotions felt stand independently in the sense that the body's reactions
are not based on the emotions felt.
3. TheorySchachter-Singer
Theorythis states thatemotionwhat we feel is from our interpretation of something that gives
rise to bodily states (Schachter and Singer: 1962). Each person has subjective differences in
emotions due to differences in the way they interpret or perceive their psychological states, this
theory is based on physiological changes and interpretationscognitive(Setiawan, 2011).

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2.7 Affect Disorders

Affect
Affect is an emotion or feeling that someone expresses and can be examined or observed by
others. Affect is an objective sign found on a psychiatric status examination, in contrast to mood
which is a subjective experience/feeling reported by a person. Affect is an external expression of
the emotional content of the moment, while mood is a person's pervasive internal emotional
state.1,2,4-8
Types of Affect
1. Appropriate affect (appropriate affect)
A condition where the emotional rhythm is in harmony with the accompanying ideas,
thoughts, or speech; described further as broad or full affect, in which the complete emotional
range is expressed appropriately.7,8
2. Inappropriate affect (affect that is not appropriate)
Disharmony between the rhythm of emotional feelings and the ideas, thoughts or
conversations that accompany them. 7,8 3. Blunted affect. Disruption of affect manifested by a
severe reduction in the rhythmic intensity of expressed feelings. Blunted affect is one of the basic
symptoms of schizophrenia.
4. Restricted or constricted affect (limited affect)
Decreased intensity of feeling rhythms that is less severe than blunted affect but clearly
decreased. Describes an atmosphere of limited emotional expression. 7.8
5. Flat affect (flat affect)
Absence or almost complete absence of signs of affective expression; monotone voice,
unmoving face. 7.8 6. Labile affect (labile affect). Rapid and sudden changes in the rhythm of
feelings; that is not related to external stimuli. Abnormal variations in affect with rapid repetition
and sudden shifts in affect expression.

2.8 Understanding Motives and Motive Development

Sherif & Sherif in Alex Sobur

Motive as a generic term that includes all internal factors that lead to various types of
purposeful behavior, all internal influences, such as needs that originate from the functions of the
organism, drives and desires, social aspirations and tastes, which originate from the functions of
the organism. the.

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Harlod Koonts, et al (1980:632)
A motive is an internal state that gives strength, activates, moves or channels
behavior towards goals.
Motif Development:
Teevan and Smith (1964) in Sarlito (2002:43) classify the motives or basis of development
into two groups, namely:
1) Primary motives, needs, behavioral motives (needs) are motives that arise based on
physiological chemical processes and are acquired without being studied.
For example: thirst and hunger.
2) Secondary motives are motives that arise not directly based on psychological chemical
processes and are generally obtained from the learning process either through experience or
the environment.

2.9 Various Motifs

1. Physiological Motives
Physiological drives or motives are generally rooted in physical conditions, for example the
urge to eat, the urge to drink, the urge to have sex, the urge to get fresh air. These drives are
related to the needs to continue their existence as living creatures. For this reason, this motive is
also often referred to as basic motives or primary motives because this motive or drive is closely
related to the defense of the existence of life. This drive is a natural impulse or motive, a motive
that is carried. Apart from natural motives, there are also learned motives (Morgan, et al. 1984;
Woodworth and Marquis, 1957).
a. Learning objectives
Animals and humans sometimes learn to achieve goals that are not directly related to the
satisfaction of biological needs. This kind of goal is often referred to as a learned goal or
secondary goal.
b. Learned motives and needs
The definition of learned needs is often used when the motive arises from the learning
process. Related to this, for example, social needs are also sometimes called social motives. It is
called a social motive because this motive is learned through social interaction. As a result of a
complex learning process, especially through operant conditioning and modeling in the family,
children learn the need for achievement.

2. Social Motives

14
 Social motives are complex motives, and are the source of many human behaviors or actions.
It is said to be social because this motive is learned in social groups. McClelland believes that
social motives can be differentiated into:
a. Achievement motive or also called (need for achievement)
People who have this need will improve their performance, so that their ability to achieve
will be seen. To reveal the need for this achievement, it can be revealed using projection
techniques.
b. The affiliation motive or also called the need for affiliation (need for affiliation)
Affiliation shows that someone has a need to connect with other people.
c. Motive for power or need for power (need for power)
In social interactions, people will have a need for power. This need for power varies in
strength and can be expressed by projection techniques.
3. Murray's theory of needs
The needs expressed by Murray or also called motives are as follows:
a) Humble or lower oneself
b) Achievement
c) Affiliate
d) Aggression
e) Autonomy
f) Counteraction
g) Defense
h) Respect
i) Domination
j) Exhibition or showing off
k) Damage rejection
l) Infavoidance
m) Help members
n) Regular
o) Play
p) Reject
q) Sentience
r) Sex
s) Help knows help
t) Understand

4. Exploration motives, competence, and self-actualization

15
 a. The motive for exploring the environment is what Woodworth and Marquis call the
objective motive. One type of motive proposed by Woodworth and Marquia (1957) is the
exploration motive. According to them, there are various motives, namely:
2. Motives related to organic needs
3. Emergency otive
4. Objective motives and interests.

c. The motive to master the challenges that exist in the environment and handle them
selectively (competence motive). This competency motive is related to intrinsic motives,
namely a person's need to be competent and determine themselves in relation to their
environment. On the other hand, extrinsic motives are aimed at goals that lie outside the
individual.
d. The motive for self-actualization is related to how far a person can act or do to actualize
himself as stated by Maslow (1970).

2.10 Types of Motivation

1. Intrinsic motivation

Intrinsic motivation is focused on the individual, and is concerned with performing behaviors
that are interesting, enjoyable or pleasurable to that person. In this way, activities are performed
for inherent satisfaction rather than external pressure or reward. The forces that usually move
people in this type of motivation are novelty, a sense of challenge or challenge, or aesthetic value
for the person.

2. Extrinsic motivation

It is a temporary type of motivation that refers to the energy that arises to carry out a certain
behavior with the aim of obtaining some external benefit, even if this activity is not intrinsically
interesting. Many times we do things we don't like, but if we do them, we know that important
rewards will come our way. This would essentially be extrinsic motivation.

This type of motivation occurs more frequently after early childhood, when the freedom
provided by intrinsic motivation must be modulated to begin to adapt to environmental demands.

Within this type of motivation, Deci and Ryan (1985) identified several subtypes depending
on how focused it is on the individual or outside:

16
  External regulation: this is the least autonomous form of extrinsic motivation and refers
to behavior carried out to meet external demands or obtain rewards.
 Introjected regulation: refers to the motivation that arises when people perform some
activity to avoid anxiety or guilt, or to increase their pride or increase their worth. As we
can see, it is closely related to self-esteem, specifically with maintaining or increasing it.
 Identified regulation: this form is somewhat more autonomous, and means that the
individual begins to give personal importance to a behavior, seeking its value. For
example, a child who memorizes the multiplication tables because it is relevant for him to
be able to perform more complex calculations will have this type of motivation because
he has identified with the value of this learning.
 Integrated regulation: this is the most autonomous form of extrinsic motivation, and it
occurs when the identification (previous phase) has been completely assimilated for the
person. It is seen as rules created by the person himself, observing himself and integrating
them with his values and needs. The reasons why a task is performed are internalized,
assimilated, and accepted.

3. Positive motivation

It is about starting a series of activities to achieve something desired and enjoyable, with
positive connotations. This is accompanied by achievement or well-being when performing a
task that reinforces the repetition of that task.

That is, if a child reads the alphabet in front of his parents and they congratulate him, he will
be more likely to repeat this behavior. Above all, if reading the alphabet is enjoyable for the
child (and if it is neutral, thanks to parental support, it can be a fun task).

4. Negative motivation

Negative motivation involves performing a behavior to avoid an unpleasant outcome. For

example, washing dishes to avoid arguments or studying to avoid failing a lesson.

17
 This type of motivation is not recommended because in the long term it is not effective and
causes discomfort or anxiety. This causes people to not focus on the task or want to do it well;
instead, they avoid the negative consequences that might arise if they do not carry them out.

5. Amotivation or demotivation
Individuals have no intention to act. This happens because a particular activity is not
important to him, he feels incompetent to carry it out, or he believes that he will not get the
results he wants.
6. Main motivation

It refers to an individual's performance to maintain a state of homeostasis or balance in the

body. It is innate, aids survival and is present in all living things.

As triggers for behavior with the main motivation will be hunger, thirst, sex and relief from
pain. Others even introduce the need for oxygen, to regulate body temperature, rest or sleep,
elimination of waste, etc.

7. Social motivation

Social motivation relates to interactions between individuals, and includes violence or

aggression, which occurs when certain external cues trigger it.

Motivation for violence can arise with learning, namely; because this behavior has been
rewarded in the past, has avoided negative experiences or has been observed in others who are
role models for us.

In this type of motivation there is also affiliation or gregariousness, namely behavior carried
out to become part of a group or maintain social contact because it is adaptive and highly valued
by humans.

2.11 Motivation in Nursing

Here are 10 words of wisdom for nurses that can motivate them to be more enthusiastic and
never give up when working.

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1. Even though nurse uniforms are not as attractive as those of flight attendants or
policewomen, the uniforms we wear have been sworn to not differentiate between patients in
terms of descent, rank, economics, ethnicity, race and so on.
2. Being a nurse is not only responsible for dressing wounds, more than that, we are obliged to
ensure that healing and happiness are real.
3. How can nurses possibly harm when our job is to heal?
4. There is no more sincere smile than a nurse's smile. He sincerely cared for her with all his
heart without any strings attached.
5. A nurse's sacrifice is so heavy, she is able to sacrifice her own life for the lives of others.
6. A building cannot stand firmly without a foundation. Likewise, a hospital will not stand
strong without great nurses.
7. Being a nurse is a duty to be proud of, without a nurse where would this world be?
8. It's not how much the nurse can do but how much genuine devotion has been present to the
patient?
9. A nurse is like the sun, shining on everyone without ever choosing who to shine and
sincerely giving warmth from the deepest heart.
10. It is not a nurse's job to provide reassurance. The nurse's job is to ensure that the patient's
enthusiasm and hope is always there.

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 CHAPTER III CLOSING

3.1 Conclusion

Feelings are a condition in human consciousness that produces a positive or negative

assessment of something that will or has been done, so that the form of assessment is always
subjective because it is based more on human considerations than rational actions.
As for the characteristics of the feelings that arise in eachindividual and group. Among
others; True feelings can be seen from the intensity of the behavior or actions that have been
carried out. The feelings that a person makes can of course be seen from the quality of the
expressions directed at them. Feelings in psychology are analyzed in terms of having a certain
period of time.

The factors that influence or cause our emotions to appear consist of internal and external
factors including: Neurovegetative emotional components, behavioral components, cognitive
components

When someone experiences emotions, that individual will experience physical changes. For
example, if someone experiences fear, their face becomes pale, their heart races. So there is a
change in a person's physicality when the individual is experiencing emotions. Various
emotional theories include:TheoryJames-Lange,TheoryCannon-Bard,TheorySchachter-Singer

Affect is an emotion or feeling that someone expresses and can be examined or observed by
others. Affect is an objective sign found on a psychiatric status examination, in contrast to mood
which is a subjective experience/feeling reported by a person.

Motive as a generic term that includes all internal factors that lead to various types of
purposeful behavior, all internal influences, such as needs that originate from the functions of the
organism, drives and desires, social aspirations and tastes, which originate from the functions of
the organism. the.
Teevan and Smith (1964) in Sarlito (2002:43) classify motives or the basis of development
into two groups, namely: Primary motives, for example: thirst and hunger, secondary motives.
Various motifs include:Physiological Motives,Social Motives, Murray's theory of needs,
Exploration motives, competence, and self-actualization.
From the explanation above, there are several types of motivation, including; Intrinsic
motivation, extrinsic motivation, positive motivation, negative motivation, amotivation or
demotivation, main motivation, social motivation.
From the motivations in nursing above, it can be concluded that nursing is not just a job but a
very noble profession and is needed anytime and anywhere.

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