Design of Steel Structures

F e l i x V. Ga r d e , J r .

Institute of Computing and Engineering

DAVAO ORIENTAL STATE UNIVERSITY

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 Design of Compression Element
Column Base Plate is a rolled steel plate between column and concrete pedestal
or footing to distribute column load over a sufficient area to prevent crushing of
concrete.

Typical column base for axial compressive loads.

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 Design of Column Base Plate

Design Approaches.
Force transfer.

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 Design Procedures
where,
𝜙 𝑐 = 0.60 for bearing on conc.
Establish the Plan Dimensions 𝐵 × 𝑁
𝐴1 = (𝐵 × 𝑁) area of steel plate
𝜙 𝑐 𝑃 𝑝 ≥ 𝑃𝑢 concentrically bearing on a
concrete
Two categories for nominal strength 𝐴2 = max. area of the portion
𝑃 𝑝 in bearing: of the supporting surface
Bearing on the full area 𝐴1 of a that is geometrically
concrete support, similar to and concentric
𝑃 𝑝 = 0.85 𝑓𝑐′ 𝐴1 with the loaded area
′
Bearing on the full area 𝐴1 ≤ 𝐴2 𝑓𝑐 = comp. strength of conc.
of a concrete support,
√︁ 𝑓 𝑝 = 𝑃𝑢 /(𝐵 × 𝑁)
𝑃 𝑝 = 0.85 𝑓𝑐′ 𝐴1 𝐴2 /𝐴1 ≤ 0.85 𝑓𝑐′ (2𝐴1 )
√︁
𝑁 ≈ 𝐴1 + Δ
Δ = 0.5(0.95𝑑 − 0.80𝑏 𝑓 )

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 Definition of areas 𝐴1 and 𝐴2 .

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 Cantilever Method:
The factored cantilever moment is,
 2
𝑁𝑛
𝑀𝑢 = 𝑓 𝑝 on section parallel to column web
2
 
𝐵𝑚 2
𝑀𝑢 = 𝑓 𝑝 on section parallel to column flanges
2
The yielding limit state for bending on the plate requires,
𝜙 𝑏 𝑀𝑛 ≥ 𝑀𝑢
where,
𝜙 𝑏 𝑀𝑛 = 𝜙 𝑏 𝑀 𝑝 = 𝜙 𝑏 𝑍 𝐹𝑦 = 𝜙 𝑏 (𝑁𝑡 2𝑝 /4)𝐹𝑦
𝜙 𝑏 𝑀𝑛 = 𝜙 𝑏 𝑀 𝑝 = 𝜙 𝑏 𝑍 𝐹𝑦 = 𝜙 𝑏 (𝐵𝑡 2𝑝 /4)𝐹𝑦
The required thickness of the plate,
√︄ √︄
2 𝑓𝑝 2 𝑓𝑝
𝑡𝑝 = 𝑛 or 𝑡 𝑝 = 𝑚
𝜙 𝑏 𝐹𝑦 𝜙 𝑏 𝐹𝑦
with 𝜙 𝑏 = 0.90
√︄ √︄
𝑓𝑝 𝑓𝑝
𝑡 𝑝 = 1.5𝑛 or 𝑡 𝑝 = 1.5𝑚
𝐹𝑦 𝐹𝑦
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 Yield Line Approach:
The effective cantilever length 𝜆𝑛′ is,
1 √︁
𝑛′ = 𝑑𝑏 𝑓
4
where,
𝑑 = overall depth of the steel 𝑊 section
𝑏 𝑓 = flange width of the steel 𝑊 section
√
2 𝑋
𝜆= √
1+ 1−𝑋
where,
4𝑃𝑜
𝑋= ≤ 1.0
(𝑑 + 𝑏 𝑓 ) 2 𝐹 𝑝
and,
𝐹 𝑝 = 0.85 𝑓𝑐′ , limiting bearing pressure from AISC-J8
𝑃𝑜 = 𝑃𝑢 (𝑑𝑏 𝑓 /𝐵𝑁)
Substitute for 𝑃𝑜 and 𝑃 𝑝 = 𝐹 𝑝 (𝐵𝑁),
 
4𝑑𝑏 𝑓 𝑃𝑢
𝑋= ≤ 1.0
(𝑑 + 𝑏 𝑓 ) 𝜙 𝑐 𝑃 𝑝
2

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 Design Equation

The required thickness for an axially loaded base plate from two design approaches is,
√︄
𝑓𝑝
𝑡 𝑝 = 1.5 (largest of 𝑛, 𝑚, or 𝜆𝑛′ )
𝐹𝑦
where,
𝑛 = (𝐵 − 0.8𝑏 𝑓 )/2
𝑚 = (𝑁 − 0.95𝑑)/2
1 √︁
𝑛′ = 𝑑𝑏 𝑓
4 √
2 𝑋
𝜆= √ ≤ 1.0; conservatively 𝜆 = 1.0
1 + 1 − 𝑋 
4𝑑𝑏 𝑓 𝑃𝑢
𝑋= ≤ 1.0
(𝑑 + 𝑏 𝑓 ) 𝜙 𝑐 𝑃 𝑝
2

When 𝜆 > 1.0, the plate is heavily loaded and the simple cantilever method is
appropriate.

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 Example
Design a base plate for a 𝑊14 × 145 column of 𝐴992 steel to carry factored axial loads
of 400 kips dead load, 275 kips live load, and 100 kips wind. Assume a concrete
pedestal will be under the base plate and the pedestal will have a dimension 6 in. larger
than the base plate in each direction. The steel is A36 and the concrete has 𝑓𝑐′ = 3 ksi.

For 𝑊14 × 145

𝑑 = 14.8 in, 𝑏 𝑓 = 15.5 in
Solution:
1 Compute the factored load, 𝑃𝑢
𝑃𝑢 = 1.4𝑃 𝐷 = 1.4(400) = 560 k
𝑃𝑢 = 1.2𝑃 𝐷 + 1.6𝑃 𝐿
= 1.2(400) + 1.6(275) = 920 k
𝑃𝑢 = 1.2𝑃 𝐷 + 0.5𝑃 𝐿 + 1.6𝑃𝑊
= 1.2(400) + 0.5(275) + 1.6(100)
= 778 k
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 2 Determine the maximum base plate
area 𝐴1 . Assume the base plate Solving for 𝐵
dimension and pedestal have the same
𝐴1 = 𝐵 × 𝑁
dimensions.
𝑃𝑢 920 𝐵 = 24.052 in.
Req’d. 𝐴1 = =
𝜙(0.85) 𝑓𝑐′ 0.60(0.85)3 Try:
= 601.31 in2 𝐵 = 24 in. and 𝑁 = 25 in.
Calculate the following: 𝐴1 = 600 in2
0.80𝑏 𝑓 = 0.80(15.50) = 12.40 in Pedestal dimensions: 30 in. × 31 in.
0.95𝑏 𝑓 = 0.95(14.78) = 14.04 in 𝐴2 = 930 in2
Estimate 𝐵 and 𝑁; From, ACI 10.14.1
√︂

√︂
Δ = 0.5 0.95𝑑 − 0.80𝑏 𝑓 𝐴2 930
≤ 2; = 1.245 ≤ 2
= 0.83 in 𝐴1 600
√︁ Prelim. 𝐴1
𝑁 = 𝐴1 + Δ Reqd. 𝐴1 =
√︁ 1.245
𝑁 = 601.31 in2 + 0.83 in 600
𝑁 = 25.352 in.
Reqd. 𝐴1 = = 481.93 in2
1.245
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600
Δ = 0.5 0.95𝑑 − 0.80𝑏 𝑓 Reqd. 𝐴1 = = 471.33 in2
1.273
= 0.83 in Select:
√︁
𝑁 = 𝐴1 + Δ Base Plate dimensions:
√︁ 𝐵 = 21 in. × 𝑁 = 23 in.
𝑁 = 481.93 in2 + 0.83 in 𝐴1 = 483 in2
𝑁 = 22.78 in. Pedestal dimensions: 27 in. × 29 in.
Use 𝐴2 = 783 in2
𝐵 = 21 in. and 𝑁 = 23 in. 3 Determine the plate thickness. Using
𝐴1 = 483 in2 √︄
𝑓𝑝
Pedestal dimensions: 27 in. × 29 in. 𝑡 𝑝 = 1.5 (largest of 𝑛, 𝑚, or 𝜆𝑛′ )
𝐴2 = 783 in2 𝐹𝑦

From, 𝑛 = 0.5(𝐵 − 0.80𝑏 𝑓 )

𝑛 = 0.5(21 − 0.80 × 15.5) = 4.30 in
√︂ √︂
𝐴2 783
≤ 2; = 1.273 ≤ 2 𝑚 = 0.5(𝑁 − 0.95𝑑)
𝐴1 483
Prelim. 𝐴1 𝑚 = 0.5(23 − 0.95 × 14.8) = 4.48 in
Reqd. 𝐴1 =
1.273
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 Check the design bearing capacity of the √
plate and the supporting pedestal, 2 0.97
𝜆= √ ≤ 1.0
√︁ 1 + 1 − 0.97
𝜙 𝑐 𝑃 𝑝 = 0.60(0.85 𝑓𝑐′ ) 𝐴1 𝐴2 /𝐴1 = 1.679
𝜙 𝑐 𝑃 𝑝 = 940.905 kips > 𝑃𝑢 = 920 kips
use,
Solving for parameters, 𝑛′ and 𝜆;
4𝑑𝑏 𝑓 𝜆 = 1.0
𝑃𝑢
𝑋= √︄
(𝑑 + 𝑏 𝑓 ) 2 𝜙 𝑐 𝑃 𝑝 𝑓𝑝
𝑡 𝑝 = 1.5 (largest of 𝑛, 𝑚, or 𝜆𝑛′ )
4(14.8) (15.5) 920 𝐹𝑦
𝑋 =
(14.8 + 15.5) 2 940.905
√︄
𝑃𝑢
𝑋 = 0.97 < 1.0 𝑡 𝑝 = 1.5(4.480)
√︁ 𝐵𝑁 𝐹𝑦
𝑛′
√︁
= 14 𝑑𝑏 𝑓 = 14 14.8(15.5) √︄
𝑛′ = 3.78 in 𝑡 𝑝 = 1.5(4.480)
920
= 1.55 in.
√ 21(23)36
2 𝑋
𝜆 = √ ≤ 1.0
1+ 1−𝑋
Use: 1 21 × 21′′ × 23′′ A36 Base Plate.
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 Homework

Design a square base plate with 𝐴36 steel for a 𝑊10 × 60 column with a service dead
load of 175 kips and a service live load of 275 kips. The concrete 28-day strength, 𝑓𝑐′ is
3, 000 psi. The base plate rests on a 12 ft × 12 ft concrete footing.

Strength reduction factor, 𝜙 .

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 END OF PRESENTATION

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