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1. The diagram shows some electrical appliances.

A B C D

(a) (i) Which appliance is designed to transfer electrical energy to thermal energy?
(1)
A food mixer
B kettle
C lamp
D radio

(ii) Which appliance is designed to transfer electrical energy to kinetic energy?

(1)
A food mixer
B kettle
C lamp
D radio

(b) In all the appliances, energy is conserved.

What is meant by the phrase energy is conserved?
(1)

. . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(c) (i) The lamp has an efficiency of 20%.

Explain what this means.
(2)

. . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(ii) Draw a labelled Sankey diagram for the lamp.

(3)

(Total for Question 4 = 8 marks)

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2. A student investigates how the surface area of water affects how quickly it cools down.

He puts warm water into different shaped containers.

The photograph shows two of the containers.

This is the student’s plan.

I will use four different containers and work out the surface area of
water in each one.
I will heat some water and pour the same volume into each container.
I will put a thermometer into each container and measure the water
temperatures.
After 15 minutes I will measure the temperatures again.

(a) State the independent variable in this investigation.

(1)

. . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) (i) State one variable that the student plans to control.
(1)

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(ii) Explain why it is important to control this variable.

(2)

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(c) Suggest a safety precaution for this investigation.

(1)

. . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(d) The table shows the student’s results.

Starting Temperature after Temperature

Surface area
temperature 15 minutes difference
in cm2
in °C in °C in °C

600 85 54

400 95 55

300 88 60

150 85 60

(i) Complete the table by inserting the missing temperature differences.

(2)
(ii) The student wants to display the data on a graph.
Give suitable labels for the axes of his graph.
(3)

x-axis .......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .

y-axis .......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .

(iii) The student realises that it was a mistake to have different starting temperatures.
Suggest how he could change his method to correct this mistake.
(2)

. . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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. . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 5 = 12 marks)

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4. The photograph shows a small aeroplane, of mass 600 kg.

This aeroplane has an electric motor powered by fuel cells.

Fuel cells use hydrogen gas and provide an electric current.
(a) When the aeroplane is working, the energy changes are
(1)
  A chemical o electrical o kinetic
  B electrical o chemical o kinetic
  C electrical o kinetic o chemical
  D kinetic o chemical o electrical

(b) The velocity of the aeroplane is 28 m/s.

(i) State the equation linking kinetic energy, mass and velocity.
(1)

(ii) Calculate the kinetic energy of the aeroplane.

(2)

Kinetic energy = ............................... . J

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(c) The aeroplane takes off and climbs to a height of 1000 m.

(i) State the equation linking gravitational potential energy (GPE), mass, g and height.
(1)

(ii) Calculate the gravitational potential energy gained by the aeroplane.

(2)

GPE of the aeroplane = ................................ J

(iii) The fuel cells provide a maximum total power of 24 kW. The aeroplane also
carries a large rechargeable battery.
Show, by calculation, that the aeroplane needs this extra source of power to
climb to 1000 m in 3 minutes.
(2)

(iv) The aeroplane uses fuel cells connected together in series in a ‘stack’.
The voltage of each fuel cell is 0.6 V. The maximum current in each fuel cell is 30 A.
Show that there must be more than 1300 fuel cells in the stack.
(2)

(Total for Question 5 = 11 marks)

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5. The diagram shows typical values for the percentage energy losses from a house.

30% roof

10% windows
35% walls

10% doors

15% floors

(a) Most energy is lost through

(1)
A the floors
B the roof
C the walls
D the windows

(b) The total percentage energy loss from the roof and the windows is
(1)
A 10%
B 20%
C 30%
D 40%