Scribd
Upload
33 views

Transmission Line Parameters

1) The important parameters of a transmission line are resistance, inductance, capacitance, and conductance. Resistance and inductance together are called impedance, while capacitance and conductance together are called admittance. 2) Inductance opposes changes in current and is associated with the magnetic field induced in the conductor. Capacitance is associated with the electric field between conductors and the voltage difference between them. 3) Impedance matching is needed for maximum power transfer between the source and load. The source and load resistances should be equal and their reactances should be equal in magnitude but opposite in sign.

Uploaded by

Tanvir Ovi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
33 views

Transmission Line Parameters

1) The important parameters of a transmission line are resistance, inductance, capacitance, and conductance. Resistance and inductance together are called impedance, while capacitance and conductance together are called admittance. 2) Inductance opposes changes in current and is associated with the magnetic field induced in the conductor. Capacitance is associated with the electric field between conductors and the voltage difference between them. 3) Impedance matching is needed for maximum power transfer between the source and load. The source and load resistances should be equal and their reactances should be equal in magnitude but opposite in sign.

Uploaded by

Tanvir Ovi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

Transmission Line Parameters

Important Parameters of TL
• The important parameters of a transmission
line are resistance, inductance, capacitance
and conductance.
• Resistance and inductance together are called
as transmission line impedance.
• Capacitance and conductance together are
called as admittance.
Resistance
• The resistance offered by the material out of
which the transmission lines are made, will be of
considerable amount. As the line current
increases, the ohmic loss ( a ) also increases.
• The resistance R of a conductor of length "l" and
cross-section "a" is represented as
• R=ρl/a
• Where
• ρ = resistivity of the conductor material, which is
constant.
Factors effecting TL Resistance
• Temperature and the frequency of the current are the
main factors that affect the resistance of a line.
• The resistance of a conductor varies linearly with the
change in temperature.
• If the frequency of the current increases, the current
density towards the surface of the conductor also
increases. Otherwise, the current density towards the
center of the conductor increases.
• The tendency of an alternating current flow towards
the surface of a conductor is known as Skin Effect.
Due to skin effect conductor utilization is decreased
hence resistance is increased.
Inductance

• In an AC transmission line, the current flows sinusoidally. This current


induces a magnetic field perpendicular to the electric field, which also
varies sinusoidally. This is well known as Faraday's law.
• This varying magnetic field induces some EMF into the conductor. Now this
induced voltage or EMF flows in the opposite direction to the current
flowing initially. This EMF flowing in the opposite direction is equivalently
shown by a parameter known as Inductance, which is the property to
oppose the shift in the current.
• It is denoted by "L". The unit of measurement is "Henry(H)".
Conductance
• There will be a leakage current between the
transmission line and the ground, and also
between the phase conductors. This small
amount of leakage current generally flows
through the surface of the insulator. Inverse of
this leakage current is termed as Conductance.
It is denoted by "G".
Capacitance
• The voltage difference between the Phase
conductors gives rise to an electric field
between the conductors. The two conductors
are just like parallel plates and the air in
between them becomes dielectric. This
pattern gives rise to the capacitance effect
between the conductors.
Significance of Parameters
• The flow of line current is
associated with inductance
and the voltage difference
between the two points is
associated with
capacitance. Inductance is
associated with the
magnetic field, while
capacitance is associated
with the electric field.
Characteristic Impedance
• If a uniform lossless transmission line is
considered, for a wave travelling in one
direction, the ratio of the amplitudes of voltage
and current along that line, which has no
reflections, is called as Characteristic
impedance. It is denoted by Zo
•
Voltage and Current Waveforms
Impedance Matching
• To achieve maximum power transfer to the load,
impedance matching has to be done. To achieve this
impedance matching, the following conditions are to be
met.
• The resistance of the load should be equal to that of
the source.
• RL=RS
• The reactance of the load should be equal to that of the
source but opposite in sign.
• XL =−XS
• Which means, if the source is inductive, the load should
be capacitive and vice versa.
Reflection Co-efficient
• The parameter that expresses the amount of
reflected energy due to impedance mismatch in a
transmission line is called as Reflection coefficient. It
is indicated by ρ (rho).
• It can be defined as "the ratio of reflected voltage to
the incident voltage at the load terminals".

• If the impedance between the device and the


transmission line don't match with each other, then
the energy gets reflected. The higher the energy gets
reflected, the greater will be the value of reflection
coefficient, ρ .
Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR)
• The standing wave is formed when the
incident wave gets reflected. The standing
wave which is formed, contains some voltage.
The magnitude of standing waves can be
measured in terms of standing wave ratios.
• The ratio of maximum voltage to the
minimum voltage in a standing wave can be
defined as Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
(VSWR). It is denoted by "S".
Contd…
Contd…
• VSWR describes the voltage standing wave
pattern that is present in the transmission line
due to phase addition and subtraction of the
incident and reflected waves.
• It can also be written as
Contd…
• The larger the impedance mismatch, the
higher will be the amplitude of the standing
wave. Therefore, if the impedance is matched
perfectly,
• Hence, the value for VSWR is unity, which
means the transmission is perfect.
Efficiency of Transmission Lines
• The efficiency of transmission lines is defined
as the ratio of the output power to the input
power.
Voltage Regulation
• Voltage regulation is defined as the change in
the magnitude of the voltage between the
sending and receiving ends of the
transmission line.

You might also like