ASWIN V S I 9562649725

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9562649725

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1. ARITHMETIC SEQUENCES

• Arithmetic sequence: A sequence got by starting with any number and adding
fixed number repeatedly.

• Common difference (d): same number on subtracting from any term immediately
preceding it. d = X2 – X1

• The mth term of an arithmetic sequence is Xm and nth term is Xn then

𝑻𝒆𝒓𝒎 𝑫𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝑿𝒏−𝑿𝒎
Common Difference, d = =
𝑷𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑫𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒏−𝒎

• A,B,C are three consecutive terms of an arithmetic sequence, Then

𝐀+𝐂
Middle term, B = 𝟐

• Nth term of an Arithmetic Sequence/ Algebraic Form of an Arithmetic Sequence

Xn = dn + (f - d)

• Sum of first n natural numbers

𝐧(𝐧+𝟏)
1 + 2 + 3 +……..+ n =
𝟐

• Sum of first n even numbers

2 + 4 + 6 +…….. + 2n = n(n + 1)

• Sum of first n odd numbers

1 + 3 + 5 + ……… + 2n-1 = n2
• Sum of first n terms of an Arithmetic Sequence
𝐧
X1 + X2 + ……. + Xn = 𝟐 [𝑿𝟏 + 𝑿𝒏]

𝐧(𝐧+𝟏)
• X1 Position of last Number in Nth line =
𝟐

X2 X3 Number of terms in Nth line = N

X4 X5 X6 Last term in Nth Line = d [ 𝐧(𝐧+𝟏)

𝟐
]+(𝒙𝟏 − 𝒅)
……………………. First Term in Nth Line = Last term in Nth Line – (N-1)d
…………………………

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• X1 Position of last Number in Nth line = N2

X2 X3 X4 Number of terms in Nth line = 2N-1
X5 X6 X7 X8 X9 Last term in Nth Line = dN2 + (X1-d)
…………………………… First Term in Nth Line = Last term in Nth Line – (N-1)d
…………………………….

• Algebraic expression of an Arithmetic Sequence is An+B

➢ Common difference, d = A
➢ First term = A + B

• Algebraic expression of Sum of an Arithmetic Sequence is An2 + Bn

➢ Common difference, d = 2A
➢ First term = A + B

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2. CIRCLES

Angle on semicircle is 900

All angles on same side are equal.

X0/2
Angle on the major segment is half the central angle of the chord.

X0

X0/2
Angle on minor segment is half the central angle of the chord
subtracted from 1800.
X0

1800-x0/2

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1800-x0 A circle passes through the four vertices of aquadrilateral is

called Cyclic Quadrilateral. Opposite angles of a cyclic
quadrilateral are supplementary.
X0

C D

AP x PB = PC x PD
P
A B

PA x PB = PC x PD

P B

PA X PB = PC2
A P B

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3. MATHEMATICS OF CHANCE

𝑵𝒐. 𝒐𝒇 𝒇𝒂𝒗𝒐𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔

• Probability =
𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒏𝒐.𝒐𝒇 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔

• Sum of Probability = 1
• Geometrical Probability:
Step 1: Identify the shapes of shaded part and total figure

Step 2: Identify the measures that are equal in these two shapes and denote it

using single letter.

Step 3: Find the area of shaded region and area of total shape using that measure.
𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒉𝒂𝒅𝒆𝒅 𝒓𝒆𝒈𝒊𝒐𝒏
Step 4: Probability of shaded region =
𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒉𝒂𝒑𝒆

• Probability of Pairs:
Total No. of Pairs = No. of elements in A X No. of elements in B
𝑵𝒐. 𝒐𝒇 𝒇𝒂𝒗𝒐𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒑𝒂𝒊𝒓𝒔
Probability =
𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒏𝒐.𝒐𝒇 𝒑𝒂𝒊𝒓𝒔

4. SECOND DEGREE EQUATIONS

• Take the unknown value as X

• Common Format : ax2 + bx + c = 0

−𝒃±√𝒃𝟐 −𝟒𝒂𝒄
• 𝒙=
𝟐𝒂
Here,
If 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄 > 0 , x has Two solutions.
If 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄 = 0 , x has One solution.
If 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄 < 0 , x has no solution.

• (a + b) 2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

• (a - b) 2 = a2 - 2ab + b2

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5. TRIGONOMETRY

• If the angles of a triangle are 300, 600, 900, then the sides are in the ratio 1 : √𝟑 ∶ 𝟐
• If the angles of a triangle are 450, 450, 900, then the sides are in the ratio 1 : 1 : √𝟐

𝑶𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆 𝑺𝒊𝒅𝒆
Sin X0 =
𝑯𝒚𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒖𝒔𝒆
Hypotenuse
Opposite side

𝑨𝒅𝒋𝒂𝒔𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝑺𝒊𝒅𝒆
Cos X0 =
𝑯𝒚𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒖𝒔𝒆

𝑶𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆 𝑺𝒊𝒅𝒆
X0 Tan X0 =
𝑨𝒅𝒋𝒂𝒔𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝑺𝒊𝒅𝒆

Adjacent side

00 300 450 600 900

1 1 √3
Sin 0 1
2 √2 2

√3 1 1
Cos 1 0
2 √2 2

1
Tan 0 1 √3 -
√3

• In a Circle with radius ‘r’ and central angle C0

𝒄
Length of chord = 2r sin
𝟐

• Angle of elevation: Angle between straight view and rise view.

• Angle of depression: Angle between straight view and lower view.
• To find the height and distance use Tan ratio.

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6. COORDINATES

• Horizontal real line is named as x-axis and vertical real line is named as y-axis.
• Coordinates of a point in the form of (x, y).
• (x1 ,y1) and (x2 ,y2) are the coordinates of two points A and B respectively.
The distance between AB is
AB = √(𝒙𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐)𝟐 + (𝒚𝟏 − 𝒚𝟐)𝟐

• Distance between a point (x, y) and origin (0, 0) is

OA = √𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐
• If three points A, B and C are on the same line (collinear) then
AB + BC = AC
• If AB, AC and BC are the three sides of a right triangle then

AB2 + AC2 = BC2 (Pythagoras theorem)

• If (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) are the coordinates of opposite vertices of rectangle then
(x2,y1) and (x1,y2) are the coordinates of other vertices.

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7. TANGENTS

Angle made by tangent and Radius/Diameter is 900

The quadrilateral with one vertex at centre, two

vertices on the circle and one vertex at the point where
180-X0 X0 tangents meet, is Cyclic Quadrilateral.
So angle between radii and angle between tangents is
supplementary (sum = 1800)

X0/2 Angle between Chord and Tangent is half the central

angle of the chord.
X0

X/2

From an external point two tangents can be drawn.

They have same length.

PA X PB = PC2
C

A B

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s-a s-a
𝒂+𝒃+𝒄
Half the perimeter of triangle, S =
𝟐
b c 𝑨
Radius of the incircle of a triangle, R =
𝑺
s-c s-b
Area of triangle = A = √𝒔(𝒔 − 𝒂)(𝒔 − 𝒃)(𝒔 − 𝒄)

s–c a s-b

8. SOLIDS

1. SQUARE PYRAMID 2. CONE 3. CYLINDER

• LSA = 2al • CSA = πrl • CSA = 2πrh

• TSA = a2 + 2al • TSA = πr2 + πrl • TSA = 2πr2 + 2πrh
𝟏 𝟏 • VOLUME = πr2h
• VOLUME = a2h • VOLUME = πr2h
𝟑 𝟑

• Radius of sector,R = l (slant height)

• l = √𝒉𝟐 + 𝒓𝟐
𝒙
• Base Radius of cone, r = .R
𝟑𝟔𝟎

𝒂
• l = √𝒆𝟐 − (𝟐)𝟐

𝒂
• h = √𝒍𝟐 − ( )𝟐
𝟐

4. SPHERE 5. HEMISPHERE

TSA = 4πr2 CSA = 2πr2

VOLUME = πr3
𝟒 TSA = 3πr2
𝟑
𝟐
VOLUME = πr3
𝟑

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9. GEOMETRY AND ALGEBRA

(x1+x2-x, y1+y2-y)

(x2,y2)
Parallellogram

(x1,y1)

(x,y)

• Midpoint of line joining (x1,y1) and (x2,y2)

𝒙𝟏+𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟏+𝒚𝟐
( , )
𝟐 𝟐

• The line joining two points (x1, y1) and (x2,y2) is divide in the ratio m:n at point P
the coordinates of P is
𝒎.𝒙𝟐+𝒏.𝒙𝟏 𝒎.𝒚𝟐+𝒏.𝒚𝟏
( , )
𝒎+𝒏 𝒎+𝒏

or
𝒎 𝒎
x = x1 + (x2 – x1) and y = y1 + (y2 – y1)
𝒎+𝒏 𝒎+𝒏

• Slope of line joining (x1,y1) and (x2,y2)

𝒚𝟐−𝒚𝟏
Slope, m =
𝒙𝟐−𝒙𝟏
• Equation of line joining (x1,y1) and (x2,y2)
𝒚−𝒚𝟏 𝒚𝟐−𝒚𝟏
=
𝒙−𝒙𝟏 𝒙𝟐−𝒙𝟏
• Equation of circle with centre (a,b) and radius ‘r’

(x – a)2 + (y – b)2 = r2

• Coordinates of the centroid of a triangle with vertices (x1, y1), (x2,y2),(x3,y3) is

𝒙𝟏+𝒙𝟐+𝒙𝟑 𝒚𝟏+𝒚𝟐+𝒚𝟑
( , )
𝟑 𝟑

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• If (x1, y1), (x2,y2), (x3,y3) are three points on a line then x-coordinates and y-coordinates
are in arithmetic sequence.

In triangle OAB, If OP bisects angle O then The

point P divides the line AB in the ratio OA : OB

A
In triangle OAB, The point P divides
the line AB in the ratio OA2 : OB2

10. POLYNOMIALS

• If a polynomial, P(x) = ax2 + bx + c, is given and we have to write it as the product

of two first degree polynomial, then solve the polynomial using second degree
equation method and if we get x = m and x =n, then (x-m) and (x-n) are the factors

• P(x) is any polynomial and (x – a) is a first degree polynomial, Take x = a

1. If P(a) = 0 then (x – a) is a factor of P(x)
2. If P(a) ≠ 0 then (x – a) is not a factor of P(x)
3. If P(a) = b then b is reminder and it is to be subtracted from P(x)

• If X2 – a2 is factor of p(x) then (x + a) and (x – a) are factors of p(x)

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11. STATISTICS
To find the Median
Step 1: Find Position of Median;
𝑛+1 th
o If Total Number is Odd then, Position of Median = ( )
2
𝑛 th
o If Total Number is Even then, Position of Median = ( ) and ( 𝑛2 + 1)th
2
𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡
Step 2: Find, d =
𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
𝑑
Step 3: Find 2
𝑑
Step 4: Add to the last interval selected
2
Step 5: Add essential ‘d’ to the above answer to get the number in required position
Step 6: Find median

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