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LAS 1a Random Variables

The document discusses random variables, defining them as outcomes of uncertain experiments that cannot be predicted with certainty. It provides examples of random variables and defines important terms like sample space and variable space. An example is worked out showing how to construct a random variable for the experiment of picking a pen randomly from a bag containing black and red pens.

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Mickee Stark
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81 views

LAS 1a Random Variables

The document discusses random variables, defining them as outcomes of uncertain experiments that cannot be predicted with certainty. It provides examples of random variables and defines important terms like sample space and variable space. An example is worked out showing how to construct a random variable for the experiment of picking a pen randomly from a bag containing black and red pens.

Uploaded by

Mickee Stark
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A.Y. 2021-2022

SHS LEARNING ACTIVITY


Stat. & Prob. LAS 1

Name: Score/Mark:
Grade and Section: Date:
Strand: STEM ABM HUMSS ICT (TVL Track)
Subject: Statistics and Probability
Type of Activity  Concept Notes  Skills: Exercise / Drill  Illustration
 Laboratory Report  Essay/Task Report  Others: __________
Activity Title: Random Variables
Learning Target: To define and give examples of a random variable.
To explain and identify the sample space and space of a random variable.
References: 1) Sahoo, P. “Probability and Mathematical Statistics”, pp.45-50;
(Author, Title, Pages)
2) L.A. Sajulga, CVIF Learning Activities
A random variable is qualitatively defined as the outcome of an
experiment or a natural process that cannot be predicted with certainty.
Examples of uncertain outcomes are:
• the maximum temperature next Friday
• the individual scores in a Statistics test to be given next week
• the result of flipping a fair two-sided coin
• the number of customers of a popular restaurant tomorrow
Important terms:
• Sample space (denoted by , read as ‘omega’) – the set of all possible
outcomes of a random experiment.
• Space of a random variable (ℝ𝑥 ) – describes the range of the
function taking values of any real number.
A random variable X is mathematically defined as: a function denoted
by X:  → ℝ𝑥 that associates any real number with each element in the
sample space. The random variable is usually represented by capital Roman
letters such as X and Y.

Example: Suppose Clara is asked to get, without looking, a pen from her bag
which has a black pen and a red pen. Construct a random variable for
the possible outcome of the color of pen that will she will get. Identify
the sample space and the space of the random variable.
Solution:
→ The sample space of the random experiment is:  = {black, red}.
→ Next, we define the space of the random variable as: Rx = {0, 1}.
Note that for convenience, we just arbitrarily chose 0 and 1. However,
you can also choose other real numbers to represent your space.

→ Now, let us define a random variable X which is a mapping from  into


the set of real numbers ℝ𝑥 : X (black) = 0 , X (red) = 1.
Therefore, our random 𝟎, 𝒊𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒑𝒆𝒏 𝒊𝒔 𝒃𝒍𝒂𝒄𝒌
X= {
variable is defined as: 𝟏, 𝒊𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒑𝒆𝒏 𝒊𝒔 𝒓𝒆𝒅 .
✓
A.Y. 2021-2022

SHS LEARNING ACTIVITY


Stat. & Prob. LAS 1a

Name: Score/Mark:
Grade and Section: Date:
Strand: STEM ABM HUMSS ICT (TVL Track)
Subject: Statistics and Probability
Type of Activity  Concept Notes  Skills: Exercise / Drill  Illustration
 Laboratory Report  Essay/Task Report  Others: __________
Activity Title: Exercises on Random Variables
To identify the sample space and space of different random
Learning Target:
variables.
References: 1) Sahoo, P. “Probability and Mathematical Statistics”, pp.45-50;
(Author, Title, Pages) 2) L.A. Sajulga, CVIF Learning Activities

Exercises:

Consider the following random experiments:


1) Tossing a fair two-sided coin
2) Throwing a fair die with six sides

A. Explain briefly what ‘fair’ means.


B. Construct a random variable that will characterize the possible
outcome for each given random experiment. Define its sample space
and variable space accordingly.

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