Lesson1 in 3is
Lesson1 in 3is
Research is the careful consideration of study regarding a particular concern or research problem using scientific
methods. According to the American sociologist Earl Robert Babbie, “research is a systematic inquiry to
describe, explain, predict, and control the observed phenomenon. It involves inductive and deductive methods.”
Inductive methods analyze an observed event, while deductive methods verify the observed event. Inductive
approaches are associated with qualitative research, and deductive methods are more commonly associated
with quantitative analysis.
Types of Research
Qualitative Research Quantitative Research
Involves processes, feelings, and motives (the why’s Aims to characterize trends and patterns
and the how’s) and produce in depth and holistic data
Usually concerned with generating hypothesis from Usually starts with neither a theory nor hypothesis
data rather than testing a hypothesis about the relationship between two or more variables
Uses either unstructured or semi-structured Uses structured research instruments like
instruments questionnaires or schedules
Uses small sample sizes chosen purposely Uses large sample sizes that
are representatives of the population
Has high validity Has high output replicability
Used to gain greater understanding of individual Used to gain greater understanding of group
differences in terms of feelings, motives and similarities
experiences
Uses more flexible processes Uses structured processes
Methods include field research, case study and Methods include census, survey, experiments, and
secondary analysis secondary analysis
Inquiry -based learning using the following steps:
1
Criteria in Choosing a Research Topic:
a. It should be something new or different from what has already been written about.
b. It must be original.
c. It should be significant to the field of study or discipline.
d. It must necessarily arouse intellectual curiosity.
e. It should be of researcher’s interest.
f. It should be a modest one for a beginner to be carried out within a limited period of time.
g. It should be clear, not ambiguous.
h. It should be specific, not general.
i. It should consider the training and personal qualifications of the researcher.
j. It should consider the availability of data involved in the study and the methods and techniques to
be employed in gathering them.
k. It should consider the availability of effective instruments for gathering the data and their
treatment.
l. It should consider the financial capacity of the researcher to support the project.
m. It should consider the time factor involved in the undertaking.