B.Sc.

Electrical and Computer Engineering Project Proposal

Automatic Room Light Controller

Name of Students

Name ID NO

1. Fuad Hailu ---------------------------------------------- WOUR/5553/08

2. Mustefa Muhammed --------------------------------- WOUR/1270/08
3. Bereket G/kidan --------------------------------------- WOUR/0370/08

Supervisor

Mr. Tewodros A. ----------------------------------------- Advisor

Mr. Matewos N. --------------------------------------- Co-advisor

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER

ENGINEERING
WOLLO UNIVERSITY
KOMBOLCHA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

01/08/2011 E.C

Kombolcha, Ethiopia
 Table of Contents
Title Page ...................................................................................................................i

Table of Contents........................................................................................................1

Problem Statement ....................................................................................................2

Objectives of Project...................................................................................................3

Literature Review .......................................................................................................3

Methodology for Implementation of Project ...............................................................3

Utilization of Project Results.......................................................................................3

Project Schedule Plan ...............................................................................................3

Project Proposed Time Schedule..............................................................................4

Budget Description....................................................................................................4

References ...............................................................................................................5

Undertaking................................................................................................................6

Supervisor Comments ..............................................................................................6

Incharge Academic Cell Remarks.............................................................................7

Other Important Information about Project Format ..................................................7

Problem Statement
In recent years the energy crisis has become one problem which the whole world
must confront. Home power consumption makes up the largest part of energy
consumption in the world. In particular, the power consumption of lamps in a typical
home is a factor which can’t be ignored. People sometimes lazy to switch OFF the
light because they think it is not a big problem especially those who are late or in
hurry to go to work. Sometimes the light still ON even it is a day because nobody at
home at that time to turn the light OFF. These factors cause energy waste. To late
the electrical things switch on for a long time unattended could be a dangerous.
People are also facing an acute shortage of electrical power these days, every now
and then there is a power cut in some part of in class rooms and meeting halls. If a
little power could be saving from the house, it could be utilized elsewhere. So, this
project is proposed to reduce or to fix the problem. The lighting control can turn ON
and OFF the light automatically. By that way, owner or user does not have to trouble
himself to switch ON or OFF manually and at the same time, power consumption can
be decreased.

Objectives of Project

General objective:
To design controlling mechanism that prevents wastage of electric energy in class
rooms and meeting halls.

Specific objective
The specific objective of this study is:
A. To make a controller based model to count number of persons visiting particular
room, open & close the door and accordingly light up the room using IR sensors.
B. To increase the life time of the luminaire devices.
C. To design a switching device for switching the lighting load ON/OFF in order to
save electrical energy.
D. To integrate the hardware and software in order to simulate the function of a basic
automatic room light controller with visitor counter.
E. To simulate the system to evaluate the overall performance by using appropriate
software.

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Literature Review
This chapter reviews some reference from previous project, journal, articles, and
book and data sheets. A brief discussion of each work has been discussed and
critiques and limitation of each work are also explained. It highlights briefly some of
the light control designs that have been made using different control modules that
have been made previously.

Microcontroller Based Systems

A microcontroller is a computer integrated on a single chip. It has the processor,
memory and input/output devices on one chip unlike for a microprocessor whereby
these elements are provided as separate chips and are linked through bus
connections. Since the inception of microcontrollers, many researchers have come
up with various systems with single dedicated functions or embedded applications.
Hengyu et al. (2010) presented a street light controller system based on the
AT89S52 microcontroller as the control core. The product combined the following
technologies: a digital clock, a timer, an LCD, a statistics of traffic flowing magnitude,
a photosensitive induction, an infrared control and alarm function. The system also
included a time cut-out function and an automatic control pattern for even more
electricity conserving, namely when vehicles passed by, the lights switched on
automatically and later switched off.
Chau-shing and Changhua (2008) presented a light dimmer system that did not
amplify light flicker on incandescent lamps. The development of this dimmer was
motivated by the fact that the incandescent lamp is very sensitive to voltage
fluctuation and the typical R-C circuit dimmer for incandescent lamps amplifies the
light flicker considerably. The proposed method used 16-bit microcontroller to
calculate the fluctuation voltage and determine the appropriate firing angle for a
power switch device in the circuit of the dimmer. By dynamically adjusting the firing
angle to compensate for the voltage, the proposed dimmer could substantially
diminish the light flicker. Most of the current high power light emitting diode street
lighting systems are designed for illumination without any intelligent control and
cannot adjust the illumination status efficiently [6]. A few of the LED street lighting
systems have intelligent control; however, they can neither automatically detect the
illumination management systems nor adjust the systems manually. This
phenomenon had been further developed to home automation. In Ciubotaru-
Petrescu, B., Chiciudean, D., Cioarga, R., & Stanescu, D. (2006), work problem with
the implementation of home automation systems were considered. Furthermore the
possible solutions were devised through various network technologies. Several
issues affecting home automation systems such as lack of robustness, compatibility
issue and acceptability among older and disabled people were also discussed.
Besides, much were treated in papers by Zungeru et al(2012) which consider the
use of infrared rays to count the number of passengers in a car and also remotely
control home appliances via short message services. Listed above literature review
has some sort of drawback and also they have advantaged technology which will
incur cost. All of the journal only viewed that automation of the room which have
bidirectional door and they have limitation on checking the presence of sufficient light

2
in the room. To overcome this problem further investigation is necessary. The
proponents modify the existing system by adding LDR which differentiate the
presence of sufficient light intensity in the room and great attention had given to
arrangement of the IR sensor. This system has advantages of incurring low cost and
suitable for any room which have either single door or more.

Project Methodology

Introduction
This chapter describes the methodologies used for the design of the hardware and
software parts. It begins by giving an overview of the automatic room light controller
and then describes how the specific hardware and the software for the system were
designed.

The Design
This project aimed at designing a microcontroller-based light energy control system
where human movement was to be under continuous surveillance. To achieve this,
sensors that produced digital output were employed. In this project, two types of
sensors namely; LDR sensors and infrared sensors were used. These sensors were
connected directly to the Arduino uno pins and acted as the inputs to the system. For
notification purposes, LCD was employed to indicate room occupancy. The display
was connected to Digital port of Arduino uno. A complete block diagram for the
system is shown in Figure below. It is made up of a person counter circuitry, Arduino
uno, LCD and a relay circuitry. The person counter comprises a pair of infrared
transmitter and receiver which involve a wireless link. The two sets are directly
aligned such that the light pulse from the each input falls on the output. The outputs
are interfaced to port of the arduino uno which under the control program stored in its
memory displays the room occupancy on the LCD and makes decision on when to
switch on/off the lights through a relay.

Power Supply

LCD Display
Entrance IR sensor
Arduino

Uno Relay
Exit IR sensor

Light
3
Project Schedule Plan
Collection of literature Two Weeks

Study of Literature Two Weeks

Analysis of Proposed Scheme One Month

Preparation of Scheme/Model One Month

Implementation of Scheme/Model One Month

Analysis and Simulation One Month

Result Formulation Two Weeks

Final Write-up & Thesis Submission Two Weeks

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Project Proposed Time Schedule
Sample is given below.

Month Month Month Month Month Month

Activity Year Year Year Year Year Year

Collection of
Literature

Study of
Literature

Analysis of
Proposed
Scheme
Preparation of
Schemes /
Model
Implementation
of
Schemes/Model
Analysis &
Simulation

Result
Formulation

Final Write-up
&
Thesis
Submission

5
Budget Description
a. Power Supply
b. Arduino Uno
c. Entry and Exit sensor circuit
d. Relay driver circuit
e. Jumper wire
f. Liquid crystal display (LCD)

References
[1] Matta S. and Mahmud S. (2010). An intelligent light control system for power saving, inthe
proceedings of the 36th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 3316-3321.
Glendale. (USA)
[2] Gunturkun, R. (2003). Feedforward and Elman Feedback Harmonics Compensation
Using Artificial Neural Networks. PhD thesis, Graduate School of Natural and Applied
Sciences, Sakarya. Turkey
[3] Dermikol, O. (2006). Measurement and Compensation in with Harmonic and unbalanced
Network. Master thesis, Graduate school of Natural and Applied Sciences, Sakarya. Turkey
[4] Dogan, I. (2006). “Microcontroller Projects in C for the 8051”: Newness. Oxford.
[5] Niu M. and Qin H. (2012). Design of LED street lamps intelligent control system based on
PIC microcontroller, Hangzou.
[6] Student Companion feature GSM, PIC
[7] Proteus 8 professional frame work help idle.

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Undertaking
Student’s Id. No. Signature

1. Fuad Hailu -------------- WOUR/5553/08 --------

2. Mustefa Muhammed --- WOUR/1270/08 --------
3. Bereket G/kidan -------- WOUR/0370/08 --------

Supervisor’s Comments

Name Signature

Mr. Tewodros A. -------------------- Advisor --------------------

Mr. Matewos N. ---------------------- Co-advisor ----------------