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DB Lab Assign First

The document provides SQL queries to perform CRUD operations on a database with tables for Students, Courses, and Enrollments. It includes queries to: 1) Insert new records into the Students, Courses, and Enrollments tables 2) Read and select data from the tables by joining them 3) Update a record in the Enrollments table 4) Delete a Student record and its associated enrollments using a cascading delete It also defines several common SQL constraints like NOT NULL, UNIQUE, PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY and explains their purposes for enforcing data integrity and relationships between tables.

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15 views

DB Lab Assign First

The document provides SQL queries to perform CRUD operations on a database with tables for Students, Courses, and Enrollments. It includes queries to: 1) Insert new records into the Students, Courses, and Enrollments tables 2) Read and select data from the tables by joining them 3) Update a record in the Enrollments table 4) Delete a Student record and its associated enrollments using a cascading delete It also defines several common SQL constraints like NOT NULL, UNIQUE, PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY and explains their purposes for enforcing data integrity and relationships between tables.

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I am ab Yes
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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QUESTION 1:

Write SQL queries to perform the CRUD operations.

Solution
create database studies;

create table Students


(
StudentID int not null primary key,
FirstName varchar(255),
LastName varchar(255),
Email varchar(255),
Phone varchar(255),
);

create table Courses


(
CourseID varchar(255) not null primary key,
CourseName varchar(255),
Credits int,
);

create table Enrollments


(
EnrollmentID varchar(255),
StudentID int,
CourseID varchar(255), Grade varchar(255), foreign key
(StudentID) references Students(StudentID), foreign key
(CourseID) references Courses(CourseID)
);
--now insert a new student in the student table

PART(A)
insert into Students(StudentID , FirstName , LastName , Email , Phone) values(120
, 'Hashir' , 'Sarfaraz' , '[email protected]' , '0329-66613245')

--more entries insert into Courses(CourseID ,


CourseName , Credits) values('CS-222-001-2023-
Spring' , 'Data Structure' , 3)

insert into Courses(CourseID , CourseName , Credits) values('CS-333-001-2023-


Fall' , 'Data Base' , 3)

insert into Students(StudentID , FirstName , LastName , Email , Phone) values(125


, 'Saad' , 'Saleem' , '[email protected]' , '0301-5211324')

insert into Enrollments (EnrollmentID, StudentID, CourseID, Grade)


values('U202310003' , 125 , 'CS-333-001-2023-Fall' , 'C')

insert into Enrollments (EnrollmentID, StudentID, CourseID, Grade)


values('U202310004' , 120 , 'CS-222-001-2023-Spring' , 'A-')
PART(B)

--Read
select e.EnrollmentID, e.StudentID, s.FirstName, s.LastName, s.Email, s.Phone,
c.CourseName, c.CourseID, c.Credits, e.Grade from Enrollments e inner join Students s on
e.StudentID = s.StudentID inner join Courses c on e.CourseID = c.CourseID;

PART(C)
--update
update Enrollments set Grade = 'B' where CourseID = 'CS-333-001-2023-Fall' AND StudentID
= 125

PART(D)

--delete alter table Enrollments add


constraint fk_enrollments_students
FOREIGN KEY (StudentID) REFERENCES Students(StudentID) on delete cascade;--using
cascading delete

delete from Students where StudentID = 125;

QUESTION 2:
(a)Define the following SQL constraints and explain their purpose:
NOT NULL:
It ensures that a column cannot have a NULL value. It means that presence of value.
PURPOSE:
It enforces that every row in the table must have a value.
UNIQUE:
It ensures that each value in a column is different from every other value. It means no repetition of value.
PURPOSE:
Unlike PRIMARY KEY, it allows NULL values. It enforces that every value must be unique.

PRIMARY KEY:
Primary key is a combination of “NOT NULL” and “UNIQUE”.
PURPOSE:
It enforces the uniqueness of values in the specified column(s) and ensures that the column(s) cannot
contain NULL values.

FOREIGN KEY:
Foreign key uniquely identifies a row/record in another table.
PURPOSE:
It establishes a link between two tables by specifying that values in a column (or set of columns) in one
table must correspond to values in a primary key column in another table.

CHECK:
Check ensures that all values in a column satisfies a specific condition.
PURPOSE:
It enforces data only rows that satisfy the specified condition to be inserted or updated.

DEFAULT:
It sets a Default value for a column when no value is specified.

PURPOSE:
If no value is provided for the column, then it helps ensure consistency.

INDEX:
Index is used to create and retrieve data from databases very quickly.
PURPOSE:
It improves query performance by creating an index on one or more columns.

QUESTION 2(B):
Solution
create database emp;

create table Departments


(
DepartmentID int not null primary key,
DepartmentName varchar(255),
);
create table Employees
(
EmployeeID int not null, -- Unique identifier for each employee
FirstName varchar(255),
LastName varchar(255),
Email varchar(255) unique, -- Unique email address for each employee
DepartmentID int,

constraint pk_emp primary key(EmployeeID), -- Primary key constraint

-- Foreign key constraint on DepartmentID, referencing the Departments table constraint


fk_dep foreign key(DepartmentID) references Departments(DepartmentID),
constraint uq_email unique (Email) -- Unique email address for each employee

);

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